Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.3390/analytica3040031
G. Bezerra, V. F. Moritz, T. A. M. D. de Lima, D. M. Colbert, J. Geever, Luke M. Geever
The body of work described in this research paper evaluates the compatibility between Fenbendazole (Fen), which is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic with promising antitumor activity, and three polymeric excipients commonly applied in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The assessment of binary mixtures was performed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetry to predict physical and/or chemical interactions, followed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to confirm or exclude any interactions. Thermal studies suggested the presence of interactions between Fen and P 407, PCL, and PLA. To validate these data, XRD showed that Fen is compatible with PCL and PLA, suggesting some interaction with P 407. FTIR demonstrated that PCL and PLA can establish physical interactions with Fen; moreover, it suggested that P 407 interacts not only physically but also chemically, which was later proved by HPLC to be only new intermolecular interactions. This work supports the further application of P 407, PCL, and PLA for the development of new medicinal and veterinary formulations containing Fen, since they do not affect the physical and chemical characteristics of the active ingredient and consequently its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
{"title":"Compatibility Study between Fenbendazole and Polymeric Excipients Used in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Using Thermal and Non-Thermal Analytical Techniques","authors":"G. Bezerra, V. F. Moritz, T. A. M. D. de Lima, D. M. Colbert, J. Geever, Luke M. Geever","doi":"10.3390/analytica3040031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/analytica3040031","url":null,"abstract":"The body of work described in this research paper evaluates the compatibility between Fenbendazole (Fen), which is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic with promising antitumor activity, and three polymeric excipients commonly applied in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The assessment of binary mixtures was performed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetry to predict physical and/or chemical interactions, followed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to confirm or exclude any interactions. Thermal studies suggested the presence of interactions between Fen and P 407, PCL, and PLA. To validate these data, XRD showed that Fen is compatible with PCL and PLA, suggesting some interaction with P 407. FTIR demonstrated that PCL and PLA can establish physical interactions with Fen; moreover, it suggested that P 407 interacts not only physically but also chemically, which was later proved by HPLC to be only new intermolecular interactions. This work supports the further application of P 407, PCL, and PLA for the development of new medicinal and veterinary formulations containing Fen, since they do not affect the physical and chemical characteristics of the active ingredient and consequently its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.","PeriodicalId":7829,"journal":{"name":"Analytica","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88138663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-02DOI: 10.3390/analytica3040030
V. Samanidou, A. Kabir
Green(er) sample preparation technologies still dominate as the anticipated improvement in all analytical protocols. Separation scientists all over the world continuously strive to comply with the Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) demands. To follow this trend, microextraction techniques are constantly evolving to bridge the gap between Green Analytical Chemistry and sample pretreatment. A research group from Florida International University, Miami, Florida has introduced fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) in 2014 that was considered as a new milestone in microextraction technologies at that time. Two years later, the same research group introduced an advantageous innovative configuration that combines the stirring and extraction mechanism into a single sample preparation device, keeping all the benefits originally offered by classical FPSE. Magnet integrated fabric phase sorptive extraction (MI-FPSE) was eventually introduced as a new, advantageous implementation of FPSE. This device exhibits the advantageous role of the increase in extraction kinetics through sample diffusion, resulting in improved extraction efficiency of the microextraction device and supports the need for combining processes for better promotion and implementation of the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry. The applications of MI-FPSE are presented herein, showing the essential role that this technique can play in analytical and bioanalytical sample preparation.
{"title":"Magnet Integrated Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction (MI-FPSE): A Powerful Green(er) Alternative for Sample Preparation","authors":"V. Samanidou, A. Kabir","doi":"10.3390/analytica3040030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/analytica3040030","url":null,"abstract":"Green(er) sample preparation technologies still dominate as the anticipated improvement in all analytical protocols. Separation scientists all over the world continuously strive to comply with the Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) demands. To follow this trend, microextraction techniques are constantly evolving to bridge the gap between Green Analytical Chemistry and sample pretreatment. A research group from Florida International University, Miami, Florida has introduced fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) in 2014 that was considered as a new milestone in microextraction technologies at that time. Two years later, the same research group introduced an advantageous innovative configuration that combines the stirring and extraction mechanism into a single sample preparation device, keeping all the benefits originally offered by classical FPSE. Magnet integrated fabric phase sorptive extraction (MI-FPSE) was eventually introduced as a new, advantageous implementation of FPSE. This device exhibits the advantageous role of the increase in extraction kinetics through sample diffusion, resulting in improved extraction efficiency of the microextraction device and supports the need for combining processes for better promotion and implementation of the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry. The applications of MI-FPSE are presented herein, showing the essential role that this technique can play in analytical and bioanalytical sample preparation.","PeriodicalId":7829,"journal":{"name":"Analytica","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78535156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-20DOI: 10.3390/analytica3040029
A. Santilio, S. Girolimetti, V. Picardo
Picloram and 2,4-D are systemic herbicides used to control a wide range of broad-leaved weeds and post-emergence annual and perennial broad-leaved weeds, respectively. The use of plant protection products containing Picloram and 2,4-D necessitates the development of analytical methods, useful for the laboratories focused on control, for monitoring. In this study, we designed and validated an analytical method for the rapid determination of picloram and 2,4-D by HPLC-DAD. The method involves the extraction of the substances by sonication of the sample with methanol, followed by dilution in acetonitrile, and direct injection on a liquid chromatography system, based on the use of a Gemini C18 column. We used an isocratic mobile elution consisting of acetonitrile and water acidified 1% with H3PO4 (50:50, v/v). We validated the proposed method, which demonstrated linearity within the concentration range of 0.01–0.028 mg/mL for picloram and 2,4-D, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9993 for picloram and 0.9999 for 2,4-D. We considered precision, repeatability and selectivity in the validation. The repeatability of the method expressed as percent of relative standard deviation (%RSD) was lower than 1% for both substances. The proposed method is suitable for the simultaneous determination of picloram and 2,4-D in pesticide formulations.
{"title":"Simple and Rapid High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Determination of Picloram and 2,4-D in Pesticide Formulations","authors":"A. Santilio, S. Girolimetti, V. Picardo","doi":"10.3390/analytica3040029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/analytica3040029","url":null,"abstract":"Picloram and 2,4-D are systemic herbicides used to control a wide range of broad-leaved weeds and post-emergence annual and perennial broad-leaved weeds, respectively. The use of plant protection products containing Picloram and 2,4-D necessitates the development of analytical methods, useful for the laboratories focused on control, for monitoring. In this study, we designed and validated an analytical method for the rapid determination of picloram and 2,4-D by HPLC-DAD. The method involves the extraction of the substances by sonication of the sample with methanol, followed by dilution in acetonitrile, and direct injection on a liquid chromatography system, based on the use of a Gemini C18 column. We used an isocratic mobile elution consisting of acetonitrile and water acidified 1% with H3PO4 (50:50, v/v). We validated the proposed method, which demonstrated linearity within the concentration range of 0.01–0.028 mg/mL for picloram and 2,4-D, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9993 for picloram and 0.9999 for 2,4-D. We considered precision, repeatability and selectivity in the validation. The repeatability of the method expressed as percent of relative standard deviation (%RSD) was lower than 1% for both substances. The proposed method is suitable for the simultaneous determination of picloram and 2,4-D in pesticide formulations.","PeriodicalId":7829,"journal":{"name":"Analytica","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87501003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.3390/analytica3040028
A. Macchia, Eleonora Cerafogli, L. Rivaroli, Irene Angela Colasanti, Hélène Aureli, Chiara Biribicchi, V. Brunori
In spite of the application of different cleaning procedures, the marble used for the portrait bust of Queen Margherita di Savoia continued to show permanent discoloration, consisting of an unevenly distributed grayish alteration, mainly on the front part. In this work, a multi-analytical, non-invasive approach was proposed using spectrocolorimetry, reflectance spectroscopy and multispectral imaging. The initial assumption, suggesting the presence of altered protective materials based on organic products (such as waxes or oils,) applied in the past according to traditional practices, was excluded, revealing instead the presence of deposits of particulate matter, which penetrated inside the crystalline structure of the marble, leading to a variation in its shade. Cleaning tests were also carried out to define the best product, using sustainable chemicals such as Polar Varnish Rescue®, alkoxyde surfactant, disodium EDTA, GLDA and Politect® Base in order to identify the best methodology and materials for sustainable cleaning, respecting the integrity of the original matter. Politect® Base demonstrated better action in comparison to the other products tested, and similar results were obtained with GLDA, which could be applied in areas where the Politect® is less efficient (e.g., lace).
{"title":"Marble Chromatic Alteration Study Using Non-Invasive Analytical Techniques and Evaluation of the Most Suitable Cleaning Treatment: The Case of a Bust Representing Queen Margherita di Savoia at the U.S. Embassy in Rome","authors":"A. Macchia, Eleonora Cerafogli, L. Rivaroli, Irene Angela Colasanti, Hélène Aureli, Chiara Biribicchi, V. Brunori","doi":"10.3390/analytica3040028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/analytica3040028","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of the application of different cleaning procedures, the marble used for the portrait bust of Queen Margherita di Savoia continued to show permanent discoloration, consisting of an unevenly distributed grayish alteration, mainly on the front part. In this work, a multi-analytical, non-invasive approach was proposed using spectrocolorimetry, reflectance spectroscopy and multispectral imaging. The initial assumption, suggesting the presence of altered protective materials based on organic products (such as waxes or oils,) applied in the past according to traditional practices, was excluded, revealing instead the presence of deposits of particulate matter, which penetrated inside the crystalline structure of the marble, leading to a variation in its shade. Cleaning tests were also carried out to define the best product, using sustainable chemicals such as Polar Varnish Rescue®, alkoxyde surfactant, disodium EDTA, GLDA and Politect® Base in order to identify the best methodology and materials for sustainable cleaning, respecting the integrity of the original matter. Politect® Base demonstrated better action in comparison to the other products tested, and similar results were obtained with GLDA, which could be applied in areas where the Politect® is less efficient (e.g., lace).","PeriodicalId":7829,"journal":{"name":"Analytica","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83481499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-26DOI: 10.3390/analytica3040027
Palina Bahdanovich, Kevin Axelrod, A. Khlystov, V. Samburova
Starch is a polysaccharide that is abundantly found in nature and is generally used as an energy source and energy storage in many biological and environmental processes. Naturally, starch tends to be in miniscule amounts, creating a necessity for quantitative analysis of starch in low-concentration samples. Existing studies that are based on the spectrophotometric detection of starch using the colorful amylose–iodine complex lack a detailed description of the analytical procedure and important parameters. In the present study, this spectrophotometry method was optimized, tested, and applied to studying starch content of atmospheric bioaerosols such as pollen, fungi, bacteria, and algae, whose chemical composition is not well known. Different experimental parameters, including pH, iodine solution concentrations, and starch solution stability, were tested, and method detection limit (MDL) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined at 590 nm. It was found that the highest spectrophotometry signal for the same starch concentration occurs at pH 6.0, with an iodine reagent concentration of 0.2%. The MDL was determined to be 0.22 μg/mL, with an LOQ of 0.79 μg/mL. This optimized method was successfully tested on bioaerosols and can be used to determine starch content in low-concentration samples. Starch content in bioaerosols ranged from 0.45 ± 0.05 (in bacteria) to 4.3 ± 0.06 μg/mg (in fungi).
{"title":"Optimized Spectrophotometry Method for Starch Quantification","authors":"Palina Bahdanovich, Kevin Axelrod, A. Khlystov, V. Samburova","doi":"10.3390/analytica3040027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/analytica3040027","url":null,"abstract":"Starch is a polysaccharide that is abundantly found in nature and is generally used as an energy source and energy storage in many biological and environmental processes. Naturally, starch tends to be in miniscule amounts, creating a necessity for quantitative analysis of starch in low-concentration samples. Existing studies that are based on the spectrophotometric detection of starch using the colorful amylose–iodine complex lack a detailed description of the analytical procedure and important parameters. In the present study, this spectrophotometry method was optimized, tested, and applied to studying starch content of atmospheric bioaerosols such as pollen, fungi, bacteria, and algae, whose chemical composition is not well known. Different experimental parameters, including pH, iodine solution concentrations, and starch solution stability, were tested, and method detection limit (MDL) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined at 590 nm. It was found that the highest spectrophotometry signal for the same starch concentration occurs at pH 6.0, with an iodine reagent concentration of 0.2%. The MDL was determined to be 0.22 μg/mL, with an LOQ of 0.79 μg/mL. This optimized method was successfully tested on bioaerosols and can be used to determine starch content in low-concentration samples. Starch content in bioaerosols ranged from 0.45 ± 0.05 (in bacteria) to 4.3 ± 0.06 μg/mg (in fungi).","PeriodicalId":7829,"journal":{"name":"Analytica","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88722200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.3390/analytica3040026
Zhen-Lian Han, Pengfei Du, R. Wen, Baoshan Chen, Xipu He
A fluorescence off-on method for the detection of Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV) based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was developed in this study. The biosensor was realized by the adsorption of SrMV coat protein (CP) on gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and conjugation of anti-SrMV antibody (Ab) on cadmium telluride quantum dot (CdTe QD). The optimum quenching efficiency was about 50% obtained at a CdTe QD-Ab/AuNP-CP ratio of 1:7. Moreover, the feasibility of the developed biosensor was verified by the detection of purified CP and the limit of detection was estimated as 0.02 μg/mL. This strategy was also successfully applied to monitor SrMV CP in plant sap with a recovery rate between 97.7 and 107.4%. The developed biosensor is a simple, rapid, and efficient technique which does not need excessive washing and separation steps.
{"title":"Signal “Off-On” Biosensor Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) for Detection of Sorghum Mosaic Virus","authors":"Zhen-Lian Han, Pengfei Du, R. Wen, Baoshan Chen, Xipu He","doi":"10.3390/analytica3040026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/analytica3040026","url":null,"abstract":"A fluorescence off-on method for the detection of Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV) based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was developed in this study. The biosensor was realized by the adsorption of SrMV coat protein (CP) on gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and conjugation of anti-SrMV antibody (Ab) on cadmium telluride quantum dot (CdTe QD). The optimum quenching efficiency was about 50% obtained at a CdTe QD-Ab/AuNP-CP ratio of 1:7. Moreover, the feasibility of the developed biosensor was verified by the detection of purified CP and the limit of detection was estimated as 0.02 μg/mL. This strategy was also successfully applied to monitor SrMV CP in plant sap with a recovery rate between 97.7 and 107.4%. The developed biosensor is a simple, rapid, and efficient technique which does not need excessive washing and separation steps.","PeriodicalId":7829,"journal":{"name":"Analytica","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91461594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.3390/analytica3030025
B. Bruijns, T. Hoekema, L. Oomens, R. Tiggelaar, H. Gardeniers
Accurate DNA quantification is a highly important method within molecular biology. Methods widely used to quantify DNA are UV spectrometry and fluorometry. In this research, seven different DNA samples and one blank (MilliQ ultrapure water) were quantified by three analysts using one spectrophotometric (i.e., a NanoDrop instrument) and three fluorometric (i.e., the AccuGreen High Sensitivity kit, the AccuClear Ultra High Sensitivity kit, and the Qubit dsDNA HS Assay kit) methods. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) scheme was used to determine the influence of the analyst, the method, and the combination of analyst and method, on DNA quantification. For most samples, the measured DNA concentration was close to or slightly above the concentration of 10 ng/μL as specified by the supplier. Results obtained by the three analysts were equal. However, it was found that, compared to the fluorometric kits, the used spectrophotometric instrument in the case of fish DNA samples tends to overestimate the DNA concentration. Therefore, if sufficient sample volume is available, a combination of a spectrophotometric and a fluorometric method is recommended for obtaining data on the purity and the dsDNA concentration of a sample.
{"title":"Performance of Spectrophotometric and Fluorometric DNA Quantification Methods","authors":"B. Bruijns, T. Hoekema, L. Oomens, R. Tiggelaar, H. Gardeniers","doi":"10.3390/analytica3030025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/analytica3030025","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate DNA quantification is a highly important method within molecular biology. Methods widely used to quantify DNA are UV spectrometry and fluorometry. In this research, seven different DNA samples and one blank (MilliQ ultrapure water) were quantified by three analysts using one spectrophotometric (i.e., a NanoDrop instrument) and three fluorometric (i.e., the AccuGreen High Sensitivity kit, the AccuClear Ultra High Sensitivity kit, and the Qubit dsDNA HS Assay kit) methods. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) scheme was used to determine the influence of the analyst, the method, and the combination of analyst and method, on DNA quantification. For most samples, the measured DNA concentration was close to or slightly above the concentration of 10 ng/μL as specified by the supplier. Results obtained by the three analysts were equal. However, it was found that, compared to the fluorometric kits, the used spectrophotometric instrument in the case of fish DNA samples tends to overestimate the DNA concentration. Therefore, if sufficient sample volume is available, a combination of a spectrophotometric and a fluorometric method is recommended for obtaining data on the purity and the dsDNA concentration of a sample.","PeriodicalId":7829,"journal":{"name":"Analytica","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80334258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.3390/analytica3030023
M. Mostafa, M. Olaoye, A. Ademola, O. Jegede, A. A. Saka, Hyam Nazmy Bader Khalaf
Background: The problem of radon (Radon-222) in water is one of the daily health hazards faced by those in Ojo Axis, Nigeria. Therefore, continuous monitoring of radon contamination in different types of water is essential. In the present work, sixteen groundwater and surface-water samples (wells, boreholes, and sachets) were collected from six different locations within the Ojo Local Government area in Nigeria. The water samples collected were stored in 75 cl bottles that were already sterilized with distilled water to avoid contamination. Water samples were then taken to the laboratory for the analysis of radon levels using a RAD7, an active electronic device produced by the Durridge Company in the USA. The radon level in the water is higher than the safe limits of 11.1 Bq/L, as per EPA regulations, except for two sample points from the studied areas. The total annual effective doses from ingestion and inhalation for drinking and groundwater were higher than the safe limit of 0.1 mSv y−1 that is recommended by the World Health Organization and the European Union Commission. Conclusions: The obtained results underline the importance of the development and/or updating of databases regarding radon levels in drinking and groundwater in the Ojo Local Government area in Nigeria.
{"title":"Measurement of Radon Concentration in Water within Ojo Axis of Lagos State, Nigeria","authors":"M. Mostafa, M. Olaoye, A. Ademola, O. Jegede, A. A. Saka, Hyam Nazmy Bader Khalaf","doi":"10.3390/analytica3030023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/analytica3030023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The problem of radon (Radon-222) in water is one of the daily health hazards faced by those in Ojo Axis, Nigeria. Therefore, continuous monitoring of radon contamination in different types of water is essential. In the present work, sixteen groundwater and surface-water samples (wells, boreholes, and sachets) were collected from six different locations within the Ojo Local Government area in Nigeria. The water samples collected were stored in 75 cl bottles that were already sterilized with distilled water to avoid contamination. Water samples were then taken to the laboratory for the analysis of radon levels using a RAD7, an active electronic device produced by the Durridge Company in the USA. The radon level in the water is higher than the safe limits of 11.1 Bq/L, as per EPA regulations, except for two sample points from the studied areas. The total annual effective doses from ingestion and inhalation for drinking and groundwater were higher than the safe limit of 0.1 mSv y−1 that is recommended by the World Health Organization and the European Union Commission. Conclusions: The obtained results underline the importance of the development and/or updating of databases regarding radon levels in drinking and groundwater in the Ojo Local Government area in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":7829,"journal":{"name":"Analytica","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72881978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.3390/analytica3030022
E. Rosato, G. M. Merone, M. Locatelli, C. D’Ovidio, M. Bonelli, U. de Grazia, F. Santavenere, S. Rossi, Imran Ali, H. I. Ulusoy, A. Kabir, F. Savini
Currently, the challenges that analytical chemistry has to face are ever greater and more complex both from the point of view of the selectivity of analytical methods and their sensitivity. This is especially true in quantitative analysis, where various methods must include the development and validation of new materials, strategies, and procedures to meet the growing need for rapid, sensitive, selective, and green methods. In this context, given the International Guidelines, which over time, are updated and which set up increasingly stringent “limits”, constant innovation is required both in the pre-treatment procedures and in the instrumental configurations to obtain reliable, accurate, and reproducible information. In addition, the environmental field certainly represents the greatest challenge, as analytes are often present at trace and ultra-trace levels. These samples containing analytes at ultra-low concentration levels, therefore, require very labor-intensive sample preparation procedures and involve the high consumption of organic solvents that may not be considered “green”. In the literature, in recent years, there has been a strong development of increasingly high-performing sample preparation techniques, often “solvent-free”, as well as the development of hyphenated instrumental configurations that allow for reaching previously unimaginable levels of sensitivity. This review aims to provide an update of the most recent developments currently in use in sample pre-treatment and instrument configurations in the environmental field, also evaluating the role and future developments of analytical chemistry in light of upcoming challenges and new goals yet to be achieved.
{"title":"Analytical Chemistry: Tasks, Resolutions and Future Standpoints of the Quantitative Analyses of Environmental Complex Sample Matrices","authors":"E. Rosato, G. M. Merone, M. Locatelli, C. D’Ovidio, M. Bonelli, U. de Grazia, F. Santavenere, S. Rossi, Imran Ali, H. I. Ulusoy, A. Kabir, F. Savini","doi":"10.3390/analytica3030022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/analytica3030022","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the challenges that analytical chemistry has to face are ever greater and more complex both from the point of view of the selectivity of analytical methods and their sensitivity. This is especially true in quantitative analysis, where various methods must include the development and validation of new materials, strategies, and procedures to meet the growing need for rapid, sensitive, selective, and green methods. In this context, given the International Guidelines, which over time, are updated and which set up increasingly stringent “limits”, constant innovation is required both in the pre-treatment procedures and in the instrumental configurations to obtain reliable, accurate, and reproducible information. In addition, the environmental field certainly represents the greatest challenge, as analytes are often present at trace and ultra-trace levels. These samples containing analytes at ultra-low concentration levels, therefore, require very labor-intensive sample preparation procedures and involve the high consumption of organic solvents that may not be considered “green”. In the literature, in recent years, there has been a strong development of increasingly high-performing sample preparation techniques, often “solvent-free”, as well as the development of hyphenated instrumental configurations that allow for reaching previously unimaginable levels of sensitivity. This review aims to provide an update of the most recent developments currently in use in sample pre-treatment and instrument configurations in the environmental field, also evaluating the role and future developments of analytical chemistry in light of upcoming challenges and new goals yet to be achieved.","PeriodicalId":7829,"journal":{"name":"Analytica","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89918590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.3390/analytica3030021
Gerard G. Dumancas, Jake R. Butka, Adam M. Mehall
Lackawanna, a US county seat in Northeastern Pennsylvania has an estimated population of 216,000 in 2020. Over the years, it has been reported that several bodies of water found within the county have been contaminated with various metals. However, a comprehensive examination of the presence of these metals has not been conducted. The goal of this brief report was to perform a preliminary quantitative determination of the concentration of various metals found in Lackawanna County water sources. The sources analyzed included Lake Scranton, the Lackawanna River, the Griffin Reservoir, and Keyser Creek. Samples were taken from each source and analyses of copper, lead, zinc, iron, manganese, and cadmium using atomic absorption spectroscopy were performed. A copper concentration of 0.100 ppm was found in the Griffin Reservoir, and 0.380 ppm of iron was found in the Lackawanna River. The concentration of copper and iron in the Griffin Reservoir and Lackawanna River, respectively, were determined to be within safe levels according to guidelines set by the US Environmental Protection Agency.
{"title":"Comprehensive Examination of Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cd in Lackawanna County Waters, Northeastern Pennsylvania: A Brief Report","authors":"Gerard G. Dumancas, Jake R. Butka, Adam M. Mehall","doi":"10.3390/analytica3030021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/analytica3030021","url":null,"abstract":"Lackawanna, a US county seat in Northeastern Pennsylvania has an estimated population of 216,000 in 2020. Over the years, it has been reported that several bodies of water found within the county have been contaminated with various metals. However, a comprehensive examination of the presence of these metals has not been conducted. The goal of this brief report was to perform a preliminary quantitative determination of the concentration of various metals found in Lackawanna County water sources. The sources analyzed included Lake Scranton, the Lackawanna River, the Griffin Reservoir, and Keyser Creek. Samples were taken from each source and analyses of copper, lead, zinc, iron, manganese, and cadmium using atomic absorption spectroscopy were performed. A copper concentration of 0.100 ppm was found in the Griffin Reservoir, and 0.380 ppm of iron was found in the Lackawanna River. The concentration of copper and iron in the Griffin Reservoir and Lackawanna River, respectively, were determined to be within safe levels according to guidelines set by the US Environmental Protection Agency.","PeriodicalId":7829,"journal":{"name":"Analytica","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75335481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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