The goal of this study was to measure arginase enzyme activity in diabetic acromegaly Iraqi patients and compare it to a control group. This study included 80 participants, whose ages ranged from 25 to 65, and was conducted on forty diabetic acromegaly Iraqi patients attending the national diabetes center of Mustansiriyah University in Baghdad and forty healthy individuals (as a control group). The results showed a highly significant reduction in arginase activity and High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), Urea levels were reduced not significantly, whereas a highly significant increase in levels of Growth Hormone (GH), Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), Fasting Serum glucose (FSG), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and Very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C)) compared to control. A significant positive correlation was revealed between arginase activity and FSG levels in diabetic acromegaly patients. In conclusion, diabetic acromegaly patients had a significant decreased in serum arginase activity with no significant decrease urea levels, which indicates that their bodies store more nitrogen compounds to be utilized in constructing processes.
{"title":"Measurement of Arginase Activity in Sera of Iraqi Acromegaly Patients with Diabetes","authors":"Fatima Khazaal Malek, S. Abbas, B. Abed","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v35i1.1362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v35i1.1362","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study was to measure arginase enzyme activity in diabetic acromegaly Iraqi patients and compare it to a control group. This study included 80 participants, whose ages ranged from 25 to 65, and was conducted on forty diabetic acromegaly Iraqi patients attending the national diabetes center of Mustansiriyah University in Baghdad and forty healthy individuals (as a control group). The results showed a highly significant reduction in arginase activity and High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), Urea levels were reduced not significantly, whereas a highly significant increase in levels of Growth Hormone (GH), Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), Fasting Serum glucose (FSG), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and Very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C)) compared to control. A significant positive correlation was revealed between arginase activity and FSG levels in diabetic acromegaly patients. In conclusion, diabetic acromegaly patients had a significant decreased in serum arginase activity with no significant decrease urea levels, which indicates that their bodies store more nitrogen compounds to be utilized in constructing processes.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":"43 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simple and economical method for producing a superhydrophobic surface on a glass substrate is investigated. The surface composes of silica particles synthesized via a sol-gel method with an average particle size of 69.33 nm. Organosilan PDMS (FS-1200 silicon sealant) was used to reduce the surface energy of particles, which were then coated onto a glass substrate by dip coating. After coating, the substrate was dried for one hour at 60ºC in an oven to remove excess solvent. XRD, FE-SEM, FTIR, and contact angle (CA) measurement techniques were used to characterize silica particles and coated surfaces. The water contact angle (WCA) of pure SiO2 (NPs) was 86º indicating its hydrophilic qualities, while the contact angle of a superhydrophobic surface was 156º.
{"title":"Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Coating (SiO2/PDMS) by a Simple Method","authors":"Ali N. Majeed, R. Sabry, M. Abid","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v35i1.1438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v35i1.1438","url":null,"abstract":"A simple and economical method for producing a superhydrophobic surface on a glass substrate is investigated. The surface composes of silica particles synthesized via a sol-gel method with an average particle size of 69.33 nm. Organosilan PDMS (FS-1200 silicon sealant) was used to reduce the surface energy of particles, which were then coated onto a glass substrate by dip coating. After coating, the substrate was dried for one hour at 60ºC in an oven to remove excess solvent. XRD, FE-SEM, FTIR, and contact angle (CA) measurement techniques were used to characterize silica particles and coated surfaces. The water contact angle (WCA) of pure SiO2 (NPs) was 86º indicating its hydrophilic qualities, while the contact angle of a superhydrophobic surface was 156º.","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":"32 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Educational certificate counterfeiting is a major global challenge. There is no doubt that addressing both the problem of forgery and the verification of academic certificates is a fundamental issue that deserves research, development, and support at the highest levels. This paper presents a decentralized educational certificate verification system leveraging the Ethereum blockchain and the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to combat counterfeiting. Ropsten is used as a real-life Ethereum test network to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system. IPFS is used to store educational certificate files on a decentralised file system. The smart contract is built in the Solidity language, compiled, and deployed using the online Remix IDE. The verification process is supported by scanning a QR code, which retrieves the validating certificate’s information from the Ethereum network in real-time.
伪造学历证书是一项重大的全球性挑战。毫无疑问，解决学历证书的伪造和验证问题是一个根本性问题，值得最高层进行研究、开发和支持。本文介绍了一个利用以太坊区块链和星际文件系统（IPFS）打击伪造的去中心化学历证书验证系统。Ropsten 被用作现实生活中的以太坊测试网络，以证明所提议系统的有效性。IPFS 用于在去中心化文件系统上存储教育证书文件。智能合约使用 Solidity 语言构建、编译，并使用在线 Remix IDE 进行部署。验证过程由扫描二维码支持，二维码可实时从以太坊网络中检索验证证书的信息。
{"title":"Educational Certificate Verification System: Enhancing Security and Authenticity using Ethereum Blockchain and IPFS","authors":"R. A. Jaafar, S. N. Alsaad, Mohammed N. Al-Kabi","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v35i1.1461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v35i1.1461","url":null,"abstract":"Educational certificate counterfeiting is a major global challenge. There is no doubt that addressing both the problem of forgery and the verification of academic certificates is a fundamental issue that deserves research, development, and support at the highest levels. This paper presents a decentralized educational certificate verification system leveraging the Ethereum blockchain and the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to combat counterfeiting. Ropsten is used as a real-life Ethereum test network to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system. IPFS is used to store educational certificate files on a decentralised file system. The smart contract is built in the Solidity language, compiled, and deployed using the online Remix IDE. The verification process is supported by scanning a QR code, which retrieves the validating certificate’s information from the Ethereum network in real-time.","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":"48 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. K. Al-Saidy, Hasan W. Maktoof, A. K. O. Mazeel, Baba Galadima Agaie
The main goal of this paper is to study the degree of the best multiplier approximation of monotone unbounded functions in L_(p,λ_n)-space on the closed interval [-π,π] by means of K-functional, which we represented with, K(f,L_(p,λ_n ),W_(p,λ_n)^1,W ̃_(p,λ_n)^1), defined by the W_(p,λ_n)^1 and W ̃_(p,λ_n)^1 that are referred to during this research. In addition, we have established a set of definitions, concepts and some useful lemmas that are needed in our work.
本文的主要目标是研究 L_(p,λ_n)-space 中闭合区间 [-π、K(f,L_(p,λ_n ),W_(p,λ_n)^1,W ̃_(p,λ_n)^1)表示，由本研究中提到的 W_(p,λ_n)^1 和 W ̃_(p,λ_n)^1定义。此外，我们还建立了一套工作中所需的定义、概念和一些有用的定理。
{"title":"On Best Multiplier Approximation of k-Monotone by Trigonometric Polynomial","authors":"S. K. Al-Saidy, Hasan W. Maktoof, A. K. O. Mazeel, Baba Galadima Agaie","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v35i1.1448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v35i1.1448","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this paper is to study the degree of the best multiplier approximation of monotone unbounded functions in L_(p,λ_n)-space on the closed interval [-π,π] by means of K-functional, which we represented with, K(f,L_(p,λ_n ),W_(p,λ_n)^1,W ̃_(p,λ_n)^1), defined by the W_(p,λ_n)^1 and W ̃_(p,λ_n)^1 that are referred to during this research. In addition, we have established a set of definitions, concepts and some useful lemmas that are needed in our work.","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":"33 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blastocystis hominis is a microscopic single-celled organism commonly known as a protist or parasite. It was first discovered in the early 20th century by a Scottish scientist named Alexei Pavlovich Alexeieff. Blastocystis hominis is found in the intestines of humans and other animals, where it can colonize the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study was to examine the presence of the Blastocystis hominis parasite in the stool samples of patients experiencing diarrhea and to explore its potential physiological effects. The study involved two groups: 1-the patients group, which consisted of 220 samples who suffered from diarrhea, and abdominal pain and 2-the control group, which consisted of 100 samples of healthy individuals. The age range of participants ranged between 4-40 years. The outcome indicated that the vacuolar form was the most common morphological appearance observed in the stool. The result showed non-significant difference was observed (P>0.05) for all ages. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference (P≤0.05) was observed in the infection rate between males (58.00%) and females (42.00%). The physiological examinations were conducted using Spectrophotometer revealed notable findings. There was a significant increase (P≤0.01) in the levels of cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and triglycerides (TG), in patients with diarrhea infected with B. hominis compared to the control group. Conversely, concentrations of magnesium, zinc, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) showed a significant decrease (P≤0.01) in the same patient group compared to the control group.
{"title":"Prevalence and Physiological Effect of Blastocystis Hominis on Lipid Metabolism, Magnesium, and Zinc Levels in Diarrheal Patients","authors":"S. Al-Oda, S. Abbas, K. Rasool, Mahmoud E. Hashad","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v35i1.1410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v35i1.1410","url":null,"abstract":"Blastocystis hominis is a microscopic single-celled organism commonly known as a protist or parasite. It was first discovered in the early 20th century by a Scottish scientist named Alexei Pavlovich Alexeieff. Blastocystis hominis is found in the intestines of humans and other animals, where it can colonize the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study was to examine the presence of the Blastocystis hominis parasite in the stool samples of patients experiencing diarrhea and to explore its potential physiological effects. The study involved two groups: 1-the patients group, which consisted of 220 samples who suffered from diarrhea, and abdominal pain and 2-the control group, which consisted of 100 samples of healthy individuals. The age range of participants ranged between 4-40 years. The outcome indicated that the vacuolar form was the most common morphological appearance observed in the stool. The result showed non-significant difference was observed (P>0.05) for all ages. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference (P≤0.05) was observed in the infection rate between males (58.00%) and females (42.00%). The physiological examinations were conducted using Spectrophotometer revealed notable findings. There was a significant increase (P≤0.01) in the levels of cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and triglycerides (TG), in patients with diarrhea infected with B. hominis compared to the control group. Conversely, concentrations of magnesium, zinc, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) showed a significant decrease (P≤0.01) in the same patient group compared to the control group. ","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":"9 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
β-Glucan is linear polysaccharides containing d-glucose monomers connected by β-glycosidic linkages. Their structural variances are the result of several sources. This research project was designed to assess the anticancer activity by using β-glucan. The in vitro experiment employed breast cancer cell lines from Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) and Ahmed, Murtudha, Jabriyah, 2013 (AMJ13). After 24, 48, and 72 hours in micro titration plate under completely sterile condition. Different concentrations of β-glucan (31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL) were applied to the cancer cell lines. The MTT assay was used to check whether the cells had been inhibited. Cell viability in MCF7 and AMJ13 cells was significantly reduced by β-glucan. β-Glucan showed concentration and time-dependent growth inhibitory effects. The higher concentrations of β-glucan significantly (P<0.05) decrease the growth rate of cells, indicating that the higher concentrations were more effective at inhibiting growth.
{"title":"Evaluation of Effect of β-Glucan on Cancer Cell Lines In vitro","authors":"H. M. Al-Khuzaay, Y. Al-Juraisy, A. H. Alwan","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v35i1.1387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v35i1.1387","url":null,"abstract":"β-Glucan is linear polysaccharides containing d-glucose monomers connected by β-glycosidic linkages. Their structural variances are the result of several sources. This research project was designed to assess the anticancer activity by using β-glucan. The in vitro experiment employed breast cancer cell lines from Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) and Ahmed, Murtudha, Jabriyah, 2013 (AMJ13). After 24, 48, and 72 hours in micro titration plate under completely sterile condition. Different concentrations of β-glucan (31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL) were applied to the cancer cell lines. The MTT assay was used to check whether the cells had been inhibited. Cell viability in MCF7 and AMJ13 cells was significantly reduced by β-glucan. β-Glucan showed concentration and time-dependent growth inhibitory effects. The higher concentrations of β-glucan significantly (P<0.05) decrease the growth rate of cells, indicating that the higher concentrations were more effective at inhibiting growth.","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":"39 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140364042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and SiO2 NPs in Tetrahydrofuran (THF). The casting method produced thin films of (PVC) with various amounts of SiO2 nanoparticles (0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, and 0.005) g. XRD results showed that the PVC films and SiO2 NPs had an amorphous structure. The FESEM of PVC/SiO2 nanocomposite film shows excellent SiO2 dispersion on the PVC film surface. The FTIR spectrum indicated that SiO2 NPs did not influence polymer structure. UV-Vis spectroscopy has been used to study the effects of SiO2 NPs on PVC optical characteristics, including absorption spectrum, transmission spectrum, energy band gap, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index, and real and imaginary dielectric constants. It was found that with increasing SiO2 NPs amount, the optical energy gap of PVC/SiO2 nanocomposite films was reduced from 4.36 to 3.39 eV. The study shows that an increase in SiO2 NPs results in a change in all of these parameters.
{"title":"Characterization and Physical Properties of PolyvinylChloride/Silica Nanocomposite Films","authors":"Maryam Hussein Mohammad, A. Saeed","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v34i4.1428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v34i4.1428","url":null,"abstract":"Using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and SiO2 NPs in Tetrahydrofuran (THF). The casting method produced thin films of (PVC) with various amounts of SiO2 nanoparticles (0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, and 0.005) g. XRD results showed that the PVC films and SiO2 NPs had an amorphous structure. The FESEM of PVC/SiO2 nanocomposite film shows excellent SiO2 dispersion on the PVC film surface. The FTIR spectrum indicated that SiO2 NPs did not influence polymer structure. UV-Vis spectroscopy has been used to study the effects of SiO2 NPs on PVC optical characteristics, including absorption spectrum, transmission spectrum, energy band gap, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index, and real and imaginary dielectric constants. It was found that with increasing SiO2 NPs amount, the optical energy gap of PVC/SiO2 nanocomposite films was reduced from 4.36 to 3.39 eV. The study shows that an increase in SiO2 NPs results in a change in all of these parameters.","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":" 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rusul A. Abdul Hussein, Sahar A. H. Al-Sharqi, A. Joda, Zaid Sharba
Hirschsprung disease is one of the most common and problematic infancy and childhood maladies. The most reliable method for diagnosis is the histopathological analysis of colorectal biopsies and the typical finding of Hirschsprung disease is the absence of ganglion cells. The study involved 36 cases of suspected Hirschsprung disease, in which 27 cases were males and 9 cases were females with an age range between (1 day - 1 year). All patients undergo complete history taking, physical examination, radiological investigations, and rectal biopsy. The tissue specimens were obtained from the rectum of neonate and infant patients, maintained in the fixative solution (formalin 10%) for histopathological analysis, and patients were divided into two groups (Hirschsprung disease and non-Hirschsprung disease group) according to histological findings. Statistical analysis was performed on the tabulated data by chi-square, and the automated computer-adopted image analysis program Image J® was utilized for the histometrical examination of rectum tissue. The Hirschsprung disease is more common in males than females. The delayed passage of meconium is the most common symptom of these diseases. We notice that there is a significant difference between the Hirschsprung disease group and the non-Hirschsprung disease group in clinical signs, empty rectum, tight anal sphincter on per rectal examination. Based on histopathology analysis of the rectal biopsy, out of the 36 cases, 27(75%) cases were diagnosed as Hirschsprung disease, and 9 (25%) cases as negative for Hirschsprung disease. In Histometric study of rectal biopsies tissues showed a significant difference in the mucosa, Submucosa, and muscularis externa between Hirschsprung disease and non-Hirschsprung disease patients.
{"title":"Investigation of The Histopathological and Histometric Changes in Rectum Tissue Biopsies of Hirschsprung and Non-Hirschsprung Disease in Neonate and Infant","authors":"Rusul A. Abdul Hussein, Sahar A. H. Al-Sharqi, A. Joda, Zaid Sharba","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v34i4.1409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v34i4.1409","url":null,"abstract":"Hirschsprung disease is one of the most common and problematic infancy and childhood maladies. The most reliable method for diagnosis is the histopathological analysis of colorectal biopsies and the typical finding of Hirschsprung disease is the absence of ganglion cells. The study involved 36 cases of suspected Hirschsprung disease, in which 27 cases were males and 9 cases were females with an age range between (1 day - 1 year). All patients undergo complete history taking, physical examination, radiological investigations, and rectal biopsy. The tissue specimens were obtained from the rectum of neonate and infant patients, maintained in the fixative solution (formalin 10%) for histopathological analysis, and patients were divided into two groups (Hirschsprung disease and non-Hirschsprung disease group) according to histological findings. Statistical analysis was performed on the tabulated data by chi-square, and the automated computer-adopted image analysis program Image J® was utilized for the histometrical examination of rectum tissue. The Hirschsprung disease is more common in males than females. The delayed passage of meconium is the most common symptom of these diseases. We notice that there is a significant difference between the Hirschsprung disease group and the non-Hirschsprung disease group in clinical signs, empty rectum, tight anal sphincter on per rectal examination. Based on histopathology analysis of the rectal biopsy, out of the 36 cases, 27(75%) cases were diagnosed as Hirschsprung disease, and 9 (25%) cases as negative for Hirschsprung disease. In Histometric study of rectal biopsies tissues showed a significant difference in the mucosa, Submucosa, and muscularis externa between Hirschsprung disease and non-Hirschsprung disease patients.","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the capability of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) to handle difficult channels, the most agreeable modulation for the multi-carrier scheme in present wireless communications is to improve an all-purpose modulation scheme, especially with high data rates. The image in this research article was transmitted and received on a noisy channel using an OFDM simulation technique. Since the average peak power ratio (PAPR) is one of the main disadvantages of OFDM, a new method has been proposed to reduce the PAPR using the clipping and filtering (CF) method. When the OFDM signal has a high PAPR, it means that many subcarrier components will be added through the operation of IFFT. Also, choosing the type of modulation to examine and getting a perfect type of OFDM system that is used for transmitting the image. Furthermore, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was considered to find the PAPR effect on the OFDM signal. The new method was tested to get a reduction of PAPR concerning CF and without CF. This method depends on clipping the signal before transmitting it, by using a method to overcome a nonlinear distortion, and therefore, decrease the bit error rate (BER). Then a filter with multi-stages was used to minimize the noise. This whole process was repeated several times to overcome the difficulties of transmitting/receiving the signal including PAPR. BER and SNR show wonderful outcomes when BPSK is chosen. Control over transmission and reception is also considered to be the type of modulation. All simulation results were defined using an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.
{"title":"Modified Method of PAPR Reduction Using Clipping and Filtering for Image Transmission with OFDM","authors":"G. M. Hassan, Muaadh Mukred, Abdu Gumaei","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v34i4.1400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v34i4.1400","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the capability of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) to handle difficult channels, the most agreeable modulation for the multi-carrier scheme in present wireless communications is to improve an all-purpose modulation scheme, especially with high data rates. The image in this research article was transmitted and received on a noisy channel using an OFDM simulation technique. Since the average peak power ratio (PAPR) is one of the main disadvantages of OFDM, a new method has been proposed to reduce the PAPR using the clipping and filtering (CF) method. When the OFDM signal has a high PAPR, it means that many subcarrier components will be added through the operation of IFFT. Also, choosing the type of modulation to examine and getting a perfect type of OFDM system that is used for transmitting the image. Furthermore, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was considered to find the PAPR effect on the OFDM signal. The new method was tested to get a reduction of PAPR concerning CF and without CF. This method depends on clipping the signal before transmitting it, by using a method to overcome a nonlinear distortion, and therefore, decrease the bit error rate (BER). Then a filter with multi-stages was used to minimize the noise. This whole process was repeated several times to overcome the difficulties of transmitting/receiving the signal including PAPR. BER and SNR show wonderful outcomes when BPSK is chosen. Control over transmission and reception is also considered to be the type of modulation. All simulation results were defined using an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":" 92","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raghad H. Ahmed, Thaer O. Roomi, Hazim H. Hussain, Zeinab Salah
The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) offers a number of physical options that let users modify it to different scales, regions, and applications. The aim of this study is to test the sensitivity of different physics schemes in the WRF model for rainfall events over Iraq. In this study, six different physics configurations of the climate version of WRF were evaluated for simulation of a rainfall event in Iraq. Possible combinations among two Planetary Boundary Layers (PBL), three Cumulus (CUM) and two Microphysics (MIC) schemes were tested. The study area is the region surrounded by the longitudes 35o E-55o E and latitudes 290o N–38o N, which typically includes the Iraq region. The WRF model is installed on a Linux platform with a 10 km grid size in the zonal and meridional directions. For the six different simulations and the process of choosing the best performing configuration for the Iraq region, the model outputs tested for a single grid point (Baghdad station) of the atmospheric parameters (temperature, pressure and total precipitation) with modeled data and ECMWF. Model outputs using statistical methods: Bias Error (BE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The results show All the simulations predict rainfall with values close to the actual but it was discovered that the cloud microphysics setup had the greatest impact on temperature biases, whereas the cumulus parameterization setup has the greatest impact on precipitation.
{"title":"Sensitivity of Different Physical Schemes in WRF Model of a Rainfall Event in Baghdad Station","authors":"Raghad H. Ahmed, Thaer O. Roomi, Hazim H. Hussain, Zeinab Salah","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v34i4.1414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v34i4.1414","url":null,"abstract":"The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) offers a number of physical options that let users modify it to different scales, regions, and applications. The aim of this study is to test the sensitivity of different physics schemes in the WRF model for rainfall events over Iraq. In this study, six different physics configurations of the climate version of WRF were evaluated for simulation of a rainfall event in Iraq. Possible combinations among two Planetary Boundary Layers (PBL), three Cumulus (CUM) and two Microphysics (MIC) schemes were tested. The study area is the region surrounded by the longitudes 35o E-55o E and latitudes 290o N–38o N, which typically includes the Iraq region. The WRF model is installed on a Linux platform with a 10 km grid size in the zonal and meridional directions. For the six different simulations and the process of choosing the best performing configuration for the Iraq region, the model outputs tested for a single grid point (Baghdad station) of the atmospheric parameters (temperature, pressure and total precipitation) with modeled data and ECMWF. Model outputs using statistical methods: Bias Error (BE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The results show All the simulations predict rainfall with values close to the actual but it was discovered that the cloud microphysics setup had the greatest impact on temperature biases, whereas the cumulus parameterization setup has the greatest impact on precipitation.","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":" 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139137474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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