The study included 70 Surface swabs collected from patients in different ages of both genders suffering from burns infections. All the specimens were diagnosed by subculturing in differential and selective media, microscopically and by following the biochemical tests to confirm identifications. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done to all the bacterial isolates.The identification of the clinical isolates showed that the 16(22.9%) were belonged to Staphylococcus aureus and 6(8.6%) of Staphylococcus epidermidis , whereas 23(32.8%),20(28.6%) isolates were for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Acinetobacter baumannii respectively. Copper oxide nanoparticles were biosynthesized by Lantana camara flower extracts which acted as a reducing agent for copper nitrate salts, characterization of the metal oxide was done by using Ultra violate visible light Spectroscopy, Fourier transforms Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. The biological activity of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles was screened toward three clinical isolates that showed multiple drug resistance isolated from burns by following agar wells diffusion method which proved the ability of copper oxide nanoparticles to inhibit growth of the clinical bacterial isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined toward the tested bacteria by using the microdilution method.
{"title":"The Antibacterial Activity of the Biosynthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles by Lantana camara Flowers Extract Against Some Bacterial Isolated from Burns","authors":"Loma Majeed Hussein, A. Hasan","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1311","url":null,"abstract":"The study included 70 Surface swabs collected from patients in different ages of both genders suffering from burns infections. All the specimens were diagnosed by subculturing in differential and selective media, microscopically and by following the biochemical tests to confirm identifications. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done to all the bacterial isolates.The identification of the clinical isolates showed that the 16(22.9%) were belonged to Staphylococcus aureus and 6(8.6%) of Staphylococcus epidermidis , whereas 23(32.8%),20(28.6%) isolates were for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Acinetobacter baumannii respectively. Copper oxide nanoparticles were biosynthesized by Lantana camara flower extracts which acted as a reducing agent for copper nitrate salts, characterization of the metal oxide was done by using Ultra violate visible light Spectroscopy, Fourier transforms Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. The biological activity of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles was screened toward three clinical isolates that showed multiple drug resistance isolated from burns by following agar wells diffusion method which proved the ability of copper oxide nanoparticles to inhibit growth of the clinical bacterial isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined toward the tested bacteria by using the microdilution method.","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85313449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acinetobacter baumannii is a common cause of nosocomial infections. This bacterium is able to survive in hostile environments (desiccation, antimicrobial therapies, nutrient unavailability) beside colonization biotic and abiotic surfaces and form biofilm in hospitals and long-term care institutions. Biofilm is a three-dimensional structure of a multicellular complex in which the cells are embedded in an Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS) that was produced by the organism itself. Biofilm matrix contains proteins, ions, nucleic acids, and polysaccharide polymers. The main factor that leads to biofilm formation in A. baumannii is the creation of the exopolysaccharide poly-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), which is a virulence factor required for adhesion and aggregation by many Gram-negative bacteria. Many studies indicated that PNAG is an important factor to keep the integrity of A. baumannii biofilms in a more dynamic and stressful environment. A cluster of four genes (pgaA, pgaB, pgaC, and pgaD) are responsible for PNAG, which is encoded by pgaABCD locus. Therefore, the aim of this work was to detect proteins encoded by this locus using SDS-PAGE gel in A. baumannii isolates. Using PCR analysis to detect 16S rRNA concluded that all 24 isolates showed a positive amplification with 242bp. Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates showed high resistance percentage to ampicillin-sulbactam (AMS) and ceftazidime (CAZ) with 100% and 91% respectively. Furthermore, the isolates showed 83.3% for cefepime (FEP) and 70.8% for amikacin (AK), while the isolates showed a variable resistance percentage toward other antibiotics. By using Congo red method indicated that 66.7% were positive to produce biofilm and 33.3 were non-forming biofilm. Protein sequences alignment showed 99%, 99%, 100% and 99% identity for PgaA, PgaB, PgaC and PgaD respectively with protein GenBank database.
鲍曼不动杆菌是医院感染的常见原因。除了定植生物和非生物表面外，这种细菌能够在恶劣环境(干燥、抗微生物治疗、营养缺乏)中存活，并在医院和长期护理机构中形成生物膜。生物膜是一种多细胞复合体的三维结构，其中细胞嵌入由生物体自身产生的细胞外聚合物(EPS)中。生物膜基质含有蛋白质、离子、核酸和多糖聚合物。导致鲍曼不动杆菌生物膜形成的主要因素是胞外多糖聚-1,6- n -乙酰氨基葡萄糖(PNAG)的产生，这是许多革兰氏阴性菌粘附和聚集所需的毒力因子。许多研究表明，PNAG是在动态和压力较大的环境中保持鲍曼不动杆菌生物膜完整性的重要因素。PNAG由pgaABCD位点编码，由pgaA、pgaB、pgaC和pgaad四个基因组成。因此，本工作的目的是利用SDS-PAGE凝胶检测鲍曼不动杆菌分离株中该位点编码的蛋白。采用PCR检测16S rRNA，结果24株均呈242bp的阳性扩增。鲍曼不动杆菌临床分离株对氨苄青霉素-舒巴坦(AMS)和头孢他啶(CAZ)的耐药率分别为100%和91%。此外，菌株对头孢吡肟(FEP)和阿米卡星(AK)的耐药率分别为83.3%和70.8%，对其他抗生素的耐药率各不相同。刚果红法检测结果表明，66.7%的菌株产生生物膜阳性，33.3%的菌株未形成生物膜。与蛋白质GenBank数据库比对，PgaA、PgaB、PgaC和pgaad的同源性分别为99%、99%、100%和99%。
{"title":"Detection of PgaABCD Proteins in Biofilm Producing Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolates","authors":"Esraa Eissa Rheama, S. Ibrahim","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1320","url":null,"abstract":"Acinetobacter baumannii is a common cause of nosocomial infections. This bacterium is able to survive in hostile environments (desiccation, antimicrobial therapies, nutrient unavailability) beside colonization biotic and abiotic surfaces and form biofilm in hospitals and long-term care institutions. Biofilm is a three-dimensional structure of a multicellular complex in which the cells are embedded in an Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS) that was produced by the organism itself. Biofilm matrix contains proteins, ions, nucleic acids, and polysaccharide polymers. The main factor that leads to biofilm formation in A. baumannii is the creation of the exopolysaccharide poly-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), which is a virulence factor required for adhesion and aggregation by many Gram-negative bacteria. Many studies indicated that PNAG is an important factor to keep the integrity of A. baumannii biofilms in a more dynamic and stressful environment. A cluster of four genes (pgaA, pgaB, pgaC, and pgaD) are responsible for PNAG, which is encoded by pgaABCD locus. Therefore, the aim of this work was to detect proteins encoded by this locus using SDS-PAGE gel in A. baumannii isolates. Using PCR analysis to detect 16S rRNA concluded that all 24 isolates showed a positive amplification with 242bp. Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates showed high resistance percentage to ampicillin-sulbactam (AMS) and ceftazidime (CAZ) with 100% and 91% respectively. Furthermore, the isolates showed 83.3% for cefepime (FEP) and 70.8% for amikacin (AK), while the isolates showed a variable resistance percentage toward other antibiotics. By using Congo red method indicated that 66.7% were positive to produce biofilm and 33.3 were non-forming biofilm. Protein sequences alignment showed 99%, 99%, 100% and 99% identity for PgaA, PgaB, PgaC and PgaD respectively with protein GenBank database.","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90952671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is considered one of the most destructive insect pests that can attack several vegetable crops worldwide. The behavior of choosing a host plant by whitefly can be significantly influenced by volatile organic compounds. The aim of this investigation is to identify and bioassay the volatile organic compounds emitted from uninfested and infested eggplant leaves with B. tabaci. The current study focuses on the interaction between whitefly and eggplant with the identification of volatile organic compounds emitted from leaves that were collected by headspace solid phase microextraction fiber and gas chromatography mass spectrum analyzed. Both uninfested and infested eggplant leaves released a total of 11 compounds. The amount of volatile organic compounds emitted from affected eggplant leaves by whitefly was higher than from uninfested eggplant leaves. Using a Y-shaped olfactometer bioassay, whitefly preferred to attract toward volatile emitted by eggplant leaves in both uninfested and infested eggplant leaves. Our results suggest these chemical compounds can play a key mediator in host finding behavior. The exploitation of one or more of these compounds can apply in an integrated management program of this pest as a lure in the sticky trap or manipulating insect behavior.
{"title":"Behavioural Response of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Towards Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Eggplant Leaves","authors":"Amina Raed, Q. Ahmed, M. Arif","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1322","url":null,"abstract":"The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is considered one of the most destructive insect pests that can attack several vegetable crops worldwide. The behavior of choosing a host plant by whitefly can be significantly influenced by volatile organic compounds. The aim of this investigation is to identify and bioassay the volatile organic compounds emitted from uninfested and infested eggplant leaves with B. tabaci. The current study focuses on the interaction between whitefly and eggplant with the identification of volatile organic compounds emitted from leaves that were collected by headspace solid phase microextraction fiber and gas chromatography mass spectrum analyzed. Both uninfested and infested eggplant leaves released a total of 11 compounds. The amount of volatile organic compounds emitted from affected eggplant leaves by whitefly was higher than from uninfested eggplant leaves. Using a Y-shaped olfactometer bioassay, whitefly preferred to attract toward volatile emitted by eggplant leaves in both uninfested and infested eggplant leaves. Our results suggest these chemical compounds can play a key mediator in host finding behavior. The exploitation of one or more of these compounds can apply in an integrated management program of this pest as a lure in the sticky trap or manipulating insect behavior.","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85440292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infertility considered as a multifactorial condition; the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N (SNRPN) gene is an imprinted gene. However, abnormal imprinting of this gene due to the methylation may result in abnormal function or silencing of the gene. Main aim of this study is to investigate the methylation present at the promoter of (SNRPN) gene and its role as a risk factor for male infertility. Sixty- three infertile males with age mean (32.28 ± 6.88 years) and 13 fertile males as a control age mean (34.07 ± 6.52 years) were investigated. Whole genomic DNA was extracted, DNA integrity was checked using β-globin gene as an internal control. The targeted region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. In addition, the SNRPN gene's promoter methylation was qualitatively detected using Real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) utilizing two sets of primers: methylated and un-methylated. Results reveled that all of the 63 infertile males were experiencing decrease in sperm concentration 9.42 ± 8.70 million/ml, reduced progressive motility 2.89 ± 5.45% as well as strange sperm morphology 27.06 ± 16.50%, while the values in the control group are normal. The results of the current investigation showed that the promoter of SNRPN was hypermethylated in some samples 22.7%, somewhat methylated in others 20.4%, and unmethylated in other samples 56.8% from infertile samples, while none of the 13 control samples had any methylation. These findings suggest that SNRPN gene may be associated with the negative changes in semen parameters, which could lead to male infertility.
被认为是多因素疾病的不孕症;小核糖核蛋白多肽N (SNRPN)基因是一种印迹基因。然而，由于甲基化导致该基因的异常印迹可能导致该基因功能异常或沉默。本研究的主要目的是探讨(SNRPN)基因启动子甲基化及其作为男性不育危险因素的作用。研究对象为平均年龄(32.28±6.88岁)的不育男性63例，对照组为平均年龄(34.07±6.52岁)的可育男性13例。提取全基因组DNA，以β-珠蛋白基因为内对照检测DNA完整性。采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术扩增目标区域。此外，采用实时聚合酶链反应(Real - time polymerase chain reaction, qPCR)对SNRPN基因启动子的甲基化进行定性检测，使用两组引物:甲基化和未甲基化。结果63例不育男性均出现精子浓度下降(9.42±870万/ml)、进行性活力下降(2.89±5.45%)、精子形态异常(27.06±16.50%)，而对照组均正常。目前的研究结果显示，在不育样本中，SNRPN的启动子在一些样本中有22.7%的高甲基化，在另一些样本中有20.4%的部分甲基化，在另一些样本中有56.8%的样本未甲基化，而13个对照样本中没有任何甲基化。这些发现提示SNRPN基因可能与精液参数的负性变化有关，这可能导致男性不育。
{"title":"Identification of a Methylation Pattern in the SNRPN Gene Promoter and its Association with Semen Abnormality Among Iraqi Males","authors":"Mays H. Ali, A. Al-kazaz, AnwerJaberFaisal Faisal","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1307","url":null,"abstract":"Infertility considered as a multifactorial condition; the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N (SNRPN) gene is an imprinted gene. However, abnormal imprinting of this gene due to the methylation may result in abnormal function or silencing of the gene. Main aim of this study is to investigate the methylation present at the promoter of (SNRPN) gene and its role as a risk factor for male infertility. Sixty- three infertile males with age mean (32.28 ± 6.88 years) and 13 fertile males as a control age mean (34.07 ± 6.52 years) were investigated. Whole genomic DNA was extracted, DNA integrity was checked using β-globin gene as an internal control. The targeted region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. In addition, the SNRPN gene's promoter methylation was qualitatively detected using Real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) utilizing two sets of primers: methylated and un-methylated. Results reveled that all of the 63 infertile males were experiencing decrease in sperm concentration 9.42 ± 8.70 million/ml, reduced progressive motility 2.89 ± 5.45% as well as strange sperm morphology 27.06 ± 16.50%, while the values in the control group are normal. The results of the current investigation showed that the promoter of SNRPN was hypermethylated in some samples 22.7%, somewhat methylated in others 20.4%, and unmethylated in other samples 56.8% from infertile samples, while none of the 13 control samples had any methylation. These findings suggest that SNRPN gene may be associated with the negative changes in semen parameters, which could lead to male infertility.","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81073303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) have structural properties that differ from their bulk forms, such as physical and chemical properties. The cost and toxicity problems caused by the synthesis of Pt NPs, which are widely used in biomedical fields, by laser ablation, aerosol, sol-gel, co-precipitation, and chemical reduction techniques are eliminated by the biological synthesis method. In this study, the biosynthesis of Cetraria islandica extract based Pt NPs was performed in PBS buffer (pH 7.4) and their antioxant activity was evaluated. With FE-SEM images, it was observed that Pt NPs had a spherical structure, aggregation tendency and an average diameter of 62 nm. The presence of Pt in the structure of NPs was observed by EDX analysis. With the peaks obtained by FT-IR analysis, the presence of C=O (amide), C-O (aliphatic ether), CO-O-CO (anhydride), C=C (alkene) and Pt were recorded and biomolecular groups that play a role in the synthesis were revealed. It was determined that Pt NPs synthesized via C. islandica extract had antioxidant activity (92.4 ug/ml, R2=0.8727). As a conclusion, biosynthesis of Pt NPs with C. islandica extract was carried out as an alternative to physical and chemical methods, and its antioxidant activity was revealed. It is thought that the obtained data can be used in biomedical fields.
{"title":"Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Platinum Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using Cetraria Islandica Extract","authors":"Haydar Matz Muhy, F. D. Koca, M. Halıcı","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1308","url":null,"abstract":"Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) have structural properties that differ from their bulk forms, such as physical and chemical properties. The cost and toxicity problems caused by the synthesis of Pt NPs, which are widely used in biomedical fields, by laser ablation, aerosol, sol-gel, co-precipitation, and chemical reduction techniques are eliminated by the biological synthesis method. In this study, the biosynthesis of Cetraria islandica extract based Pt NPs was performed in PBS buffer (pH 7.4) and their antioxant activity was evaluated. With FE-SEM images, it was observed that Pt NPs had a spherical structure, aggregation tendency and an average diameter of 62 nm. The presence of Pt in the structure of NPs was observed by EDX analysis. With the peaks obtained by FT-IR analysis, the presence of C=O (amide), C-O (aliphatic ether), CO-O-CO (anhydride), C=C (alkene) and Pt were recorded and biomolecular groups that play a role in the synthesis were revealed. It was determined that Pt NPs synthesized via C. islandica extract had antioxidant activity (92.4 ug/ml, R2=0.8727). As a conclusion, biosynthesis of Pt NPs with C. islandica extract was carried out as an alternative to physical and chemical methods, and its antioxidant activity was revealed. It is thought that the obtained data can be used in biomedical fields.","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72703023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study intends to characterize the respiratory tract infections that have an association with gram positive bacterial pathogens, emm typing, the pattern of antibacterial resistance in isolated pathogens, phenotyping of virulence factor and molecular detection of Macrolide resistance gene. Various samples from patients with respiratory tract infections were collected and identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates was performed as per standard laboratory procedure. Macrolides (Eruthromycin, Clindamycin)-resistant isolates were again subjected to MIC method. Macrolide-inducible resistance to clindamycin (D test) was conducted upon Erythromycin and Clindamycin discs. Multiplex PCR was used to detect the resistance genes in all the three types of macrolide resistance strains. Serum Opacity Factor (SOF) was detected for all the isolates of GAS. Every isolate was checked to produce biofilm through micro titre plate method. Bacterial growth got registered in 156 (36.28%) samples. The most common isolate from URI samples was GAS i.e., 64 (14.9%), only to be followed by GGS 38(8.8%), GCS 29 (6.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus 18 (4.2%). Among GAS, only one isolate was recorded from blood, whereas 8.50% from sputum and the rest. All 71 GAS isolates were found to exhibit sensitivity towards Penicillin and Ceftriazone. GAS exhibited 55% Mtype of resistance whereas 40% were resistant to cMLS and 5% to iMLS. GCS showcased an equal number of cMLS and M type too. GGS portrayed 54.54% resistance to cMLS followed by 36.36% to Mtype and 9.09% to iMLS. The current study found iMLS type with least resistance. The current study identified that Streptococcus pyogenes is the most common bacteria that cause and recur the infection. The prevalence of resistance tends to change geographically and periodically. For this purpose and to achieve a sound public health outcome, periodical screening of antibiotic-resistance pattern becomes inevitable.
{"title":"Molecular Identification of Prevalent Streptococcus Pyogenes Serogroup Associated with Respiratory Tract Infections in Children","authors":"S. S. Khazaal, S. Al–Alak, M. Talha","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1306","url":null,"abstract":"The current study intends to characterize the respiratory tract infections that have an association with gram positive bacterial pathogens, emm typing, the pattern of antibacterial resistance in isolated pathogens, phenotyping of virulence factor and molecular detection of Macrolide resistance gene. Various samples from patients with respiratory tract infections were collected and identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates was performed as per standard laboratory procedure. Macrolides (Eruthromycin, Clindamycin)-resistant isolates were again subjected to MIC method. Macrolide-inducible resistance to clindamycin (D test) was conducted upon Erythromycin and Clindamycin discs. Multiplex PCR was used to detect the resistance genes in all the three types of macrolide resistance strains. Serum Opacity Factor (SOF) was detected for all the isolates of GAS. Every isolate was checked to produce biofilm through micro titre plate method. Bacterial growth got registered in 156 (36.28%) samples. The most common isolate from URI samples was GAS i.e., 64 (14.9%), only to be followed by GGS 38(8.8%), GCS 29 (6.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus 18 (4.2%). Among GAS, only one isolate was recorded from blood, whereas 8.50% from sputum and the rest. All 71 GAS isolates were found to exhibit sensitivity towards Penicillin and Ceftriazone. GAS exhibited 55% Mtype of resistance whereas 40% were resistant to cMLS and 5% to iMLS. GCS showcased an equal number of cMLS and M type too. GGS portrayed 54.54% resistance to cMLS followed by 36.36% to Mtype and 9.09% to iMLS. The current study found iMLS type with least resistance. The current study identified that Streptococcus pyogenes is the most common bacteria that cause and recur the infection. The prevalence of resistance tends to change geographically and periodically. For this purpose and to achieve a sound public health outcome, periodical screening of antibiotic-resistance pattern becomes inevitable.","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80630629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is considered the first in this sector of Tigris River after 2003, to evaluate the effect of Tharthar Canal on the composition and diversity of zooplankton in Tigris River. Six sampling sites were selected; two on the Tharthar canal and four sites along the Tigris River, one before the confluence as a control site and the others downstream the confluence. One hundred thirty-four taxa of zooplankton were recorded in this study, 129 taxa in Tigris River ,76 taxa in Tharthar Canal as well and 96 taxa shared between river and canal. The high value of zooplankton density in Tharthar Canal increased the density of Tigris River from 307989 Ind./m3 in site 1 upstream the confluence to 371427 Ind./m3 in site 4 immediately downstream the confluence. Also, the mean values of richness index, evenness index and diversity index decreased from 7.46, 0.69 and 2.40 bit/Ind. before the confluence to 6.46, 0.61 and 2.08 bit/Ind. after the confluence, respectively. Furthermore, the highest similarity percentage was between sites 1 and 6 reached 84.28% while, the lowest percentage was between sites 1 and 2 reached 65.97%. The highest value for the constancy index was 24 in site 6.
{"title":"Effect of AL-Tharthar Canal on the Zooplankton Composition and Diversity in the Tigris River","authors":"Osama S. Majeed, M. Nashaat, A. M. S. Al-Azawi","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1314","url":null,"abstract":"This study is considered the first in this sector of Tigris River after 2003, to evaluate the effect of Tharthar Canal on the composition and diversity of zooplankton in Tigris River. Six sampling sites were selected; two on the Tharthar canal and four sites along the Tigris River, one before the confluence as a control site and the others downstream the confluence. One hundred thirty-four taxa of zooplankton were recorded in this study, 129 taxa in Tigris River ,76 taxa in Tharthar Canal as well and 96 taxa shared between river and canal. The high value of zooplankton density in Tharthar Canal increased the density of Tigris River from 307989 Ind./m3 in site 1 upstream the confluence to 371427 Ind./m3 in site 4 immediately downstream the confluence. Also, the mean values of richness index, evenness index and diversity index decreased from 7.46, 0.69 and 2.40 bit/Ind. before the confluence to 6.46, 0.61 and 2.08 bit/Ind. after the confluence, respectively. Furthermore, the highest similarity percentage was between sites 1 and 6 reached 84.28% while, the lowest percentage was between sites 1 and 2 reached 65.97%. The highest value for the constancy index was 24 in site 6.","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":"9 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81239999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. F. Abdulhameed, M. H. Sayhood, Nawras Abdelah Al-wan
Contamination feedstuffs with fungi or their metabolites toxins poses considerable hazard to public health and animal welfare. The information on mycotoxins identified from a variety of feedstuff in 2021 (soyabean, maize, fish meals, and poultry pellets) was retrieved from archive papers documented in the Centre of Standardization and Quality Control/Department of Agriculture. A total of 1325 samples feedstuff were examined by this Centre using the direct ELISA test to detect aflatoxins, ochratoxin, and trichothecene. The aflatoxin was identified in 67 (5.05%) samples followed by ochratoxin in 52 (3.92%) samples and Trichothecene (T2) in 50 (3.77) samples. Additionally, the results were showed the co-infection/co-occurrence of mycotoxins from positive samples of soyabean, fish meals, and poultry pellet, although this contamination within acceptable level. Only two samples of poultry feed were determined to have contamination levels above the acceptable limit, as 21ppb with aflatoxins and 19ppb with ochratoxin contamination. The moisture levels were also measured for these commodities by NIR apparatus. From statistics outputs, the squared correlation coefficient (R2) did not share too much variability between moisture and degree of contamination with three mycotoxins identified. The study concluded that mycotoxins remain to be a concern for global health, and their residues in animal feed are important in terms of health safety standards that propose adhering to food chain regulations in commercial markets.
{"title":"Mycotoxins Hazard Assessment of Feedstuffs from Multiple Sources Products Commercially Imported for Iraq","authors":"M. F. Abdulhameed, M. H. Sayhood, Nawras Abdelah Al-wan","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1323","url":null,"abstract":"Contamination feedstuffs with fungi or their metabolites toxins poses considerable hazard to public health and animal welfare. The information on mycotoxins identified from a variety of feedstuff in 2021 (soyabean, maize, fish meals, and poultry pellets) was retrieved from archive papers documented in the Centre of Standardization and Quality Control/Department of Agriculture. A total of 1325 samples feedstuff were examined by this Centre using the direct ELISA test to detect aflatoxins, ochratoxin, and trichothecene. The aflatoxin was identified in 67 (5.05%) samples followed by ochratoxin in 52 (3.92%) samples and Trichothecene (T2) in 50 (3.77) samples. Additionally, the results were showed the co-infection/co-occurrence of mycotoxins from positive samples of soyabean, fish meals, and poultry pellet, although this contamination within acceptable level. Only two samples of poultry feed were determined to have contamination levels above the acceptable limit, as 21ppb with aflatoxins and 19ppb with ochratoxin contamination. The moisture levels were also measured for these commodities by NIR apparatus. From statistics outputs, the squared correlation coefficient (R2) did not share too much variability between moisture and degree of contamination with three mycotoxins identified. The study concluded that mycotoxins remain to be a concern for global health, and their residues in animal feed are important in terms of health safety standards that propose adhering to food chain regulations in commercial markets.","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76656938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zamin A. Al-Sarray, Raghad H. Hussein, A. Al-Hafidh, I. Al-Rayahi
Vitamin D considered as a key player in various autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, due to its immunological modulatory effect. Together with Anti-double stranded DNA (Anti-dsDNA), Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (Anti-CCP) is considered among the indicators of the disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis. The present study aimed to measure the level of vitamin D in RA patients besides measuring anti-dsDNA, anti-CCP, RF, complete blood count (CBC) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) for comparing it with its corresponding level in healthy control group. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving sequential RA patients who visited the Rheumatology clinic for outpatients during three-months period starting from July 2018, at the Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Sixty individuals (30 RA patients and 30 age and gender matched healthy control) were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected and serum levels of anti-dsDNA, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]), anti-CCP and RF besides C3, C4, CBC and ESR were measured. A highly significant decrease was displayed in the mean level of vitamin D in RA patients (18.67±17.70 ng/mL) when compared to its level in the control group (35.07 ±3.71 ng/mL), (normal value: 20 and 40 ng/mL), whereas, anti-dsDNA level normal value: (<30.0 IU/mL) was significantly increased in RA patients (122.27±65.89 IU/ml) as compared to its mean level in the control group (17.77±3.56 IU/ml) with an inverse relationship between anti-dsDNA levels vitamin D levels in RA patients. No statistical difference noted in C3 and C4 levels between patients and control groups. Rheumatoid arthritis patients with positive RF had statistically higher anti-CCP (normal value: less than 20 U/ml) than those with negative RF (39.83±11.449 vs 21.67±4.658 u/ml). As expected, a highly significant increase was observed in ESR of patients when compared to that of the control. In addition, an alteration was noted in some circulating blood cells count.
{"title":"Vitamin D deficiency Associates with Disease Severity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients","authors":"Zamin A. Al-Sarray, Raghad H. Hussein, A. Al-Hafidh, I. Al-Rayahi","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1310","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D considered as a key player in various autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, due to its immunological modulatory effect. Together with Anti-double stranded DNA (Anti-dsDNA), Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (Anti-CCP) is considered among the indicators of the disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis. The present study aimed to measure the level of vitamin D in RA patients besides measuring anti-dsDNA, anti-CCP, RF, complete blood count (CBC) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) for comparing it with its corresponding level in healthy control group. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving sequential RA patients who visited the Rheumatology clinic for outpatients during three-months period starting from July 2018, at the Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Sixty individuals (30 RA patients and 30 age and gender matched healthy control) were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected and serum levels of anti-dsDNA, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]), anti-CCP and RF besides C3, C4, CBC and ESR were measured. A highly significant decrease was displayed in the mean level of vitamin D in RA patients (18.67±17.70 ng/mL) when compared to its level in the control group (35.07 ±3.71 ng/mL), (normal value: 20 and 40 ng/mL), whereas, anti-dsDNA level normal value: (<30.0 IU/mL) was significantly increased in RA patients (122.27±65.89 IU/ml) as compared to its mean level in the control group (17.77±3.56 IU/ml) with an inverse relationship between anti-dsDNA levels vitamin D levels in RA patients. No statistical difference noted in C3 and C4 levels between patients and control groups. Rheumatoid arthritis patients with positive RF had statistically higher anti-CCP (normal value: less than 20 U/ml) than those with negative RF (39.83±11.449 vs 21.67±4.658 u/ml). As expected, a highly significant increase was observed in ESR of patients when compared to that of the control. In addition, an alteration was noted in some circulating blood cells count.","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78856609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most commonly health problems are Respiratory tract infections, almost (5-10) % of death cases reported in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the community and this increased over the years regardless of the country. As a substitute source of electricity many developing countries use electrical generators, but gases and materials rising from them will be inhaled from surrounding people especially for who work on them. This study aimed to detect and identify bacteria isolated from persons sputum suspected with Respiratory tract infections and collect blood to perform hematological, biochemical study and detection of some heavy metal for both workers and non-workers in electrical generators. Sputum samples were collected from electrical generators workers by 184 samples and from non-workers in electric generators by 50 samples, both were suspected had respiratory tract infection from the symptoms. All samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey and bacterial identification by utilizing a Vitek 2 system was done. Blood samples were also collected in order to perform biochemical, Hematological study and detection the level of some heavy metals in blood. Out of 184 samples, 27 samples (14.67 %) produced a significant growth of microbes, the predominant bacteria were Klebsiella spp. Statically, there were significant difference between workers and non-workers in Electrical generators at (p<0.05) for: Hematological parameters (WBC, Basophil and Eosinophil), all the liver enzymes, the Four heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Zinc and Copper). This study showed that Electrical generators had caused changes in blood parameters (WBC, Basophil and Eosinophil), all the liver enzymes and the Four heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Zinc and Copper). This effect most more studied and evaluated in generators workers.
{"title":"Investigation of Liver Enzymes, Kidney Functions and Some Heavy Metal Levels in Electrical Generator Workers","authors":"Ali Essam Ali, H. Majeed","doi":"10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v33i5.1316","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most commonly health problems are Respiratory tract infections, almost (5-10) % of death cases reported in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the community and this increased over the years regardless of the country. As a substitute source of electricity many developing countries use electrical generators, but gases and materials rising from them will be inhaled from surrounding people especially for who work on them. This study aimed to detect and identify bacteria isolated from persons sputum suspected with Respiratory tract infections and collect blood to perform hematological, biochemical study and detection of some heavy metal for both workers and non-workers in electrical generators. Sputum samples were collected from electrical generators workers by 184 samples and from non-workers in electric generators by 50 samples, both were suspected had respiratory tract infection from the symptoms. All samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey and bacterial identification by utilizing a Vitek 2 system was done. Blood samples were also collected in order to perform biochemical, Hematological study and detection the level of some heavy metals in blood. Out of 184 samples, 27 samples (14.67 %) produced a significant growth of microbes, the predominant bacteria were Klebsiella spp. Statically, there were significant difference between workers and non-workers in Electrical generators at (p<0.05) for: Hematological parameters (WBC, Basophil and Eosinophil), all the liver enzymes, the Four heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Zinc and Copper). This study showed that Electrical generators had caused changes in blood parameters (WBC, Basophil and Eosinophil), all the liver enzymes and the Four heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Zinc and Copper). This effect most more studied and evaluated in generators workers.","PeriodicalId":7867,"journal":{"name":"Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82801285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：