INTRODUCTION Abnormal breathing can be caused by developmental malformations or anatomical variations in the upper airways. Stomatognathic diseases may significantly impair the patency of the upper respiratory tract. Treatment of advanced stomatognathic dysfunctions is difficult due to their multifactorial aetiology, and often involves many phases. Sleep apnoea is one of the most bothersome complications. The mainstay therapeutic strategy relies on modifying the position of the mandible against the maxilla, achieved by using different types of oral appliances. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was carried out in 2006-2010 on 92 patients (mean age 42.5 years) with diagnosed advanced dysfunction of the stomatognathic system. The treatment relied on the use of an orthodontic appliance (54 patients) or combined multi-phase therapy with splints used in the first phase (22 patients). Two different appliances were used (one of them was modified by the authors). Parameters assessed in the study included time to resolution of pain, reduction in the incidence of sleep apnoea, and improvement in nasal breathing. RESULTS Change in the protrusion of the mandible not only relieved problems with the stomatognathic system, but also improved breathing in patients. The use of modified oral appliances reduced treatment duration and improved patients' comfort. Therefore, it may be useful in the treatment of patients with mild sleep apnoea.
{"title":"INCREASING THE UPPER AIRWAY SPACE USING ORAL APPLIANCES IN PATIENTS WITH MILD SLEEP APNOEA CAUSED BY STOMATOGNATHIC DYSFUNCTIONS.","authors":"H. Ey-Chmielewska, I. Teul, J. Lorkowski","doi":"10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.37","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Abnormal breathing can be caused by developmental malformations or anatomical variations in the upper airways. Stomatognathic diseases may significantly impair the patency of the upper respiratory tract. Treatment of advanced stomatognathic dysfunctions is difficult due to their multifactorial aetiology, and often involves many phases. Sleep apnoea is one of the most bothersome complications. The mainstay therapeutic strategy relies on modifying the position of the mandible against the maxilla, achieved by using different types of oral appliances.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS\u0000The study was carried out in 2006-2010 on 92 patients (mean age 42.5 years) with diagnosed advanced dysfunction of the stomatognathic system. The treatment relied on the use of an orthodontic appliance (54 patients) or combined multi-phase therapy with splints used in the first phase (22 patients). Two different appliances were used (one of them was modified by the authors). Parameters assessed in the study included time to resolution of pain, reduction in the incidence of sleep apnoea, and improvement in nasal breathing.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Change in the protrusion of the mandible not only relieved problems with the stomatognathic system, but also improved breathing in patients. The use of modified oral appliances reduced treatment duration and improved patients' comfort. Therefore, it may be useful in the treatment of patients with mild sleep apnoea.","PeriodicalId":7883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis","volume":"141 1","pages":"74-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79560506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A spotless skin is a rarity. Both women and men have different problems related to the complexion. One of the most common problems is acne, which affects an increasing number of people of all ages. Seborrhea skin areas rich in sebaceous glands, the formation of comedones, inflammation, and scars are characteristic for this disease. The aim of the study was to discuss the causes of acne vulgaris, methods of treatment, and proper care of the skin affected by this problem.
{"title":"[ACNE VULGARIS--AETIOLOGY, CLASSIFICATION, TREATMENT].","authors":"K. Janda, Magdalena Chwiłkowska","doi":"10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.24","url":null,"abstract":"A spotless skin is a rarity. Both women and men have different problems related to the complexion. One of the most common problems is acne, which affects an increasing number of people of all ages. Seborrhea skin areas rich in sebaceous glands, the formation of comedones, inflammation, and scars are characteristic for this disease. The aim of the study was to discuss the causes of acne vulgaris, methods of treatment, and proper care of the skin affected by this problem.","PeriodicalId":7883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis","volume":"47 1","pages":"13-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73809825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mikołajczyk, Marek Kocięcki, Aleksandra Zaklukiewicz, M. Listewnik, M. Gębska
Low therapeutic efficacy in a number of cases involving the musculoskeletal system may be caused by a wrong diagnosis, the misunderstanding of the essence of the problem, pathogen or improper treatment. Therapy may be applied to the wrong area (at the site of pain) or may cover an area that is too small. The paper presents the theory of structural tensegrity (along with the anatomical and physiological grounds), which is based on a number of modern holistic therapies. One such method is the method of fascial manipulation by Stecco, described in outline in this article. This article also describes the structure and functions of the fascia since understanding of this structure was the cause of the emergence of new concepts and therapies.
{"title":"[USE OF THE STRUCTURAL TENSEGRATION CONCEPT IN THE STECCO FASCIAL MANIPULATION METHOD].","authors":"A. Mikołajczyk, Marek Kocięcki, Aleksandra Zaklukiewicz, M. Listewnik, M. Gębska","doi":"10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.34","url":null,"abstract":"Low therapeutic efficacy in a number of cases involving the musculoskeletal system may be caused by a wrong diagnosis, the misunderstanding of the essence of the problem, pathogen or improper treatment. Therapy may be applied to the wrong area (at the site of pain) or may cover an area that is too small. The paper presents the theory of structural tensegrity (along with the anatomical and physiological grounds), which is based on a number of modern holistic therapies. One such method is the method of fascial manipulation by Stecco, described in outline in this article. This article also describes the structure and functions of the fascia since understanding of this structure was the cause of the emergence of new concepts and therapies.","PeriodicalId":7883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis","volume":"653 1","pages":"59-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87107160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PURPOSE In this study we decided to answer the question of whether spending more time on reading and writing leads to higher prevalence of myopia. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 70 people (140 eyes)--17 men and 53 women aged 18-29 years (mean 22.5 ± 2.8) were examined. A questionnaire concerning the amount of time spent each day on reading and writing, as well as ophthalmic examination involving: visual acuity, anterior segment and fundus examination, keratometry, autorefractometry and axial length of the eyeball measurement (using IOL Master) were carried out in all participants. The refractive errors were described as spherical equivalents (SE). Hyperopia was defined to be SE higher than +0.5 Dsph, and emmetropia to be higher than -0.5 and lower than +0.5 Dsph. Myopia was defined to be with a SE lower than -0.5 Dsph. High myopia was defined as SE lower than -8, medium myopia in the range between -8 and -4, and low myopia lower than -0.5 and higher than -4 Dsph. The obtained results were typed into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed statistically using Statistica 10 software. P values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS It was found that people with low myopia spent statistically more time on reading and writing than participants in the emmetropic group (5.8 ± 2.4 vs 4.1 ± 2.4 h/day, p = 0.003). A relationship between reading and writing and medium and high myopia and hyperopia was not observed (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Near visual work leads to higher prevalence of low myopia.
目的:在这项研究中，我们决定回答是否花更多的时间在阅读和写作导致更高的近视患病率的问题。材料与方法共检查70人(140眼)，其中男性17人，女性53人，年龄18-29岁(平均22.5±2.8)。对所有参与者进行了一份关于每天阅读和写作时间的问卷调查，并进行了眼科检查，包括:视力、前段和眼底检查、角膜测光、自动屈光和眼球轴长测量(使用IOL Master)。折光误差用球面等效(SE)表示。远视定义为SE高于+0.5 Dsph，远视定义为SE高于-0.5且低于+0.5 Dsph。近视定义为SE低于-0.5 Dsph。高度近视定义为SE低于-8，中度近视在-8到-4之间，低近视低于-0.5和高于-4 Dsph。将得到的结果输入到Excel电子表格中，并使用Statistica 10软件进行统计分析。P值< 0.05认为有统计学意义。结果低近视眼组在阅读和写作上花费的时间明显多于正视视组(5.8±2.4 h/d vs 4.1±2.4 h/d, p = 0.003)。阅读和写作与中、高度近视和远视之间无相关性(p > 0.05)。结论近视工作导致低近视发生率增高。
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF READING AND WRITING ON THE PREVALENCE OF MYOPIA.","authors":"M. Czepita, K. Safranow, D. Czepita","doi":"10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.28","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE\u0000In this study we decided to answer the question of whether spending more time on reading and writing leads to higher prevalence of myopia.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS\u0000A total of 70 people (140 eyes)--17 men and 53 women aged 18-29 years (mean 22.5 ± 2.8) were examined. A questionnaire concerning the amount of time spent each day on reading and writing, as well as ophthalmic examination involving: visual acuity, anterior segment and fundus examination, keratometry, autorefractometry and axial length of the eyeball measurement (using IOL Master) were carried out in all participants. The refractive errors were described as spherical equivalents (SE). Hyperopia was defined to be SE higher than +0.5 Dsph, and emmetropia to be higher than -0.5 and lower than +0.5 Dsph. Myopia was defined to be with a SE lower than -0.5 Dsph. High myopia was defined as SE lower than -8, medium myopia in the range between -8 and -4, and low myopia lower than -0.5 and higher than -4 Dsph. The obtained results were typed into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed statistically using Statistica 10 software. P values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000It was found that people with low myopia spent statistically more time on reading and writing than participants in the emmetropic group (5.8 ± 2.4 vs 4.1 ± 2.4 h/day, p = 0.003). A relationship between reading and writing and medium and high myopia and hyperopia was not observed (p > 0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Near visual work leads to higher prevalence of low myopia.","PeriodicalId":7883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis","volume":"26 1","pages":"34-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87188855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
scientific discipline. In the 19th century two milestones revolutionised surgery: the development of narcosis, which enabled painless surgery, and the introduction of antisepsis and asepsis. The author presents the beginnings of academic surgery in Cracow. Its pioneer surgeons are presented. Extensive research was undertaken to collect the literature and documents in Polish, Austrian and German archives and libraries in order to prepare this study. Biographical details of the director of the Surgical Clinic, Prof. Antoni Bryk, are provided. He was the first person in Poland to introduce antisepsis and galvanocautery as routine procedures in the Cracow Clinic. The introduction of antisepsis contributed to a reduction in infection during surgery, and a reduction in postoperative mortality in Cracow Surgical Clinic. In this way Professor Bryk became the first Polish surgeon to apply Lister's antiseptic method in the treatment of wounds. Thus enlarged, the scope of surgery for intracranial, bone and other procedures became routine. Surgery is the oldest discipline in medicine. Poland's first university chair of surgery was established in the 18th century. Surgery, which until then had been the domain of barbers and bath house attendants, became a clinical,
{"title":"Antoni Christian Bryk (1820-1881) - professor of forensic medicine at Jagiellonian University (1852-1860), and director of the surgical clinic of Jagiellonian University in Cracow (1860-1881).","authors":"T. Zajączkowski","doi":"10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.20","url":null,"abstract":"scientific discipline. In the 19th century two milestones revolutionised surgery: the development of narcosis, which enabled painless surgery, and the introduction of antisepsis and asepsis. The author presents the beginnings of academic surgery in Cracow. Its pioneer surgeons are presented. Extensive research was undertaken to collect the literature and documents in Polish, Austrian and German archives and libraries in order to prepare this study. Biographical details of the director of the Surgical Clinic, Prof. Antoni Bryk, are provided. He was the first person in Poland to introduce antisepsis and galvanocautery as routine procedures in the Cracow Clinic. The introduction of antisepsis contributed to a reduction in infection during surgery, and a reduction in postoperative mortality in Cracow Surgical Clinic. In this way Professor Bryk became the first Polish surgeon to apply Lister's antiseptic method in the treatment of wounds. Thus enlarged, the scope of surgery for intracranial, bone and other procedures became routine. Surgery is the oldest discipline in medicine. Poland's first university chair of surgery was established in the 18th century. Surgery, which until then had been the domain of barbers and bath house attendants, became a clinical,","PeriodicalId":7883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis","volume":"39 1","pages":"109-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79500959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study is to present the development of hospital services and the teaching of medicine, and the development of urology in Danzig (Gdańisk). Well known Danzig surgeons who were interested in surgery of the genitourinary system are also presented. The beginning of urological surgery and its development within the framework of the department of surgery and as an independent facility at the Medical Academy of Gdafisk in the post-war period is also described. Extensive research was undertaken for the collection of literature and documents in German and Polish archives and libraries in order to prepare this study. The history of hospitals in Danzig goes back to the arrival of the Teutonic Knights in 1308. The earliest institution, according to historical sources, was the Hospital of the Holy Spirit, built in the years 1310-1311. It was run by the Hospitalet Order until 1382, and was intended for the sick, elderly and disabled people, orphans and needy pilgrim, and the poor. Later centuries saw the further development of hospital services in Danzig. In the 19th century, the city's increas ing population, the development of the sciences, and rapid advances in medicine subsequently led to the establishment of three more hospitals in Gdafisk: The Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynaecological Disease (1819), the Holy Virgin Hospital (1852), and the Evangelical Hospital of Deaconess Sisters (1857), in addition to the old Municipal Hospital. In 1911, new modern buildings of Municipal Hospital in Danzig were finished. On the basis of the Municipal Hospi- tal, the Academy of Practical Medicine was established in 1935. It was known under the name Staatliche Akademie fiir Praktische Medizin in the Free City of Danzig. Five years later (in 1940) the Academy was developed and changed to the Medical Academy of Danzig (Medizinische Akad- emie Danzig - MAD). The beginning of medical teaching at the middle level in Danzig (Gdafsk) dates back to the 16th century. It had its origins in the Chair of Anatomy and Medicine at Danzig Academic Gymnasium (GA; Sive Illustre), an establishment which lasted for 239 years, from 1584 to 1812. The history of surgery in Danzig has its roots in the centuries-old tradition of the medical practice of surgeons who were associated in the Surgeons Guild, teaching, as well medical and scientific research. The Surgeons Guild existed in Danzig from 1454 to 1820. Over the centuries manual intervention was also in the hands of academically uneducated persons such as bath house attendants, barbers, and wandering surgeons. Until the end of 1946 there was no separate urology department in Danzig. Urological surgery was in the hands of surgeons. Interventions and operations on genitourinary organs were carried out, more or less, in all surgical departments. The end of World War II created a new political situation in Europe. Danzig (now Gdafisk) and Pomerania became part of Poland. In 1945, on the basis of the former MAD, the Polish Gover
{"title":"History of education in medicine and surgery, first hospitals development of urology in danzig/Gdańsk.","authors":"T. Zajączkowski","doi":"10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.21","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to present the development of hospital services and the teaching of medicine, and the development of urology in Danzig (Gdańisk). Well known Danzig surgeons who were interested in surgery of the genitourinary system are also presented. The beginning of urological surgery and its development within the framework of the department of surgery and as an independent facility at the Medical Academy of Gdafisk in the post-war period is also described. Extensive research was undertaken for the collection of literature and documents in German and Polish archives and libraries in order to prepare this study. The history of hospitals in Danzig goes back to the arrival of the Teutonic Knights in 1308. The earliest institution, according to historical sources, was the Hospital of the Holy Spirit, built in the years 1310-1311. It was run by the Hospitalet Order until 1382, and was intended for the sick, elderly and disabled people, orphans and needy pilgrim, and the poor. Later centuries saw the further development of hospital services in Danzig. In the 19th century, the city's increas ing population, the development of the sciences, and rapid advances in medicine subsequently led to the establishment of three more hospitals in Gdafisk: The Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynaecological Disease (1819), the Holy Virgin Hospital (1852), and the Evangelical Hospital of Deaconess Sisters (1857), in addition to the old Municipal Hospital. In 1911, new modern buildings of Municipal Hospital in Danzig were finished. On the basis of the Municipal Hospi- tal, the Academy of Practical Medicine was established in 1935. It was known under the name Staatliche Akademie fiir Praktische Medizin in the Free City of Danzig. Five years later (in 1940) the Academy was developed and changed to the Medical Academy of Danzig (Medizinische Akad- emie Danzig - MAD). The beginning of medical teaching at the middle level in Danzig (Gdafsk) dates back to the 16th century. It had its origins in the Chair of Anatomy and Medicine at Danzig Academic Gymnasium (GA; Sive Illustre), an establishment which lasted for 239 years, from 1584 to 1812. The history of surgery in Danzig has its roots in the centuries-old tradition of the medical practice of surgeons who were associated in the Surgeons Guild, teaching, as well medical and scientific research. The Surgeons Guild existed in Danzig from 1454 to 1820. Over the centuries manual intervention was also in the hands of academically uneducated persons such as bath house attendants, barbers, and wandering surgeons. Until the end of 1946 there was no separate urology department in Danzig. Urological surgery was in the hands of surgeons. Interventions and operations on genitourinary organs were carried out, more or less, in all surgical departments. The end of World War II created a new political situation in Europe. Danzig (now Gdafisk) and Pomerania became part of Poland. In 1945, on the basis of the former MAD, the Polish Gover","PeriodicalId":7883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis","volume":"24 1","pages":"118-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80674798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gębska, Katarzyna Weber-Nowakoska, A. Wojciechowska, Marta Zawarska, Natalia Czajka, A. Szafarz, E. Żyżniewska-Banaszak
INTRODUCTION The aim of the dissertation was to com- pare the psychophysical state of people over 50 years of age from different societies. MATERIAL AND METHODS The first group consisted of 30 care home residents, the second group consisted of 30 participants of Active Senior Fair. In the research, two scales were applied: Mini-Mental State Examination, measuring the mental state, and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living, measuring agility in the field of complex everyday tasks. CONCLUSIONA: The study indicates the difference in the psychophysical state of both researched groups. The results may be connected with both age difference between groups and different living environment.
{"title":"[Different living environments as a factor differentiating cognitive function and activities of daily living in patients over 50 years of age ].","authors":"M. Gębska, Katarzyna Weber-Nowakoska, A. Wojciechowska, Marta Zawarska, Natalia Czajka, A. Szafarz, E. Żyżniewska-Banaszak","doi":"10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.16","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000The aim of the dissertation was to com- pare the psychophysical state of people over 50 years of age from different societies.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS\u0000The first group consisted of 30 care home residents, the second group consisted of 30 participants of Active Senior Fair. In the research, two scales were applied: Mini-Mental State Examination, measuring the mental state, and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living, measuring agility in the field of complex everyday tasks. CONCLUSIONA: The study indicates the difference in the psychophysical state of both researched groups. The results may be connected with both age difference between groups and different living environment.","PeriodicalId":7883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis","volume":"28 1","pages":"93-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90341331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article describes the problem of corruption occurring in the relationship between doctor and patient. The doctor-patient relationship, including the provision of health services, is one of several potential areas of corruption in the health care system. Among the reasons for the existence of corruption in these relationships are the need to obtain better healthcare for the patient, and higher earnings in the case of a doctor. Indications of corruption are utilitarian (action for personal advantage without ethical aspects), but may also be (actually or in the patient's opinion) the only way to obtain services and save health and even life. Corruption between the doctor and the patient can be limited by better organization of the health care system, including the financing of benefits and education of medical personnel and patients, as well as traditional legal measures, such as prevention or the application of criminal sanctions.
{"title":"[Corruption risks in relations between doctor and patient ].","authors":"Marcin Kolwitz, J. Gąsiorowski","doi":"10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.22","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the problem of corruption occurring in the relationship between doctor and patient. The doctor-patient relationship, including the provision of health services, is one of several potential areas of corruption in the health care system. Among the reasons for the existence of corruption in these relationships are the need to obtain better healthcare for the patient, and higher earnings in the case of a doctor. Indications of corruption are utilitarian (action for personal advantage without ethical aspects), but may also be (actually or in the patient's opinion) the only way to obtain services and save health and even life. Corruption between the doctor and the patient can be limited by better organization of the health care system, including the financing of benefits and education of medical personnel and patients, as well as traditional legal measures, such as prevention or the application of criminal sanctions.","PeriodicalId":7883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis","volume":"14 1","pages":"134-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84812808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sulima, M. Makara-Studzińska, M. Lewicka, K. Wiktor, K. Kanadys, H. Wiktor
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was an analysis of the feelings of pregnant women at risk ofpreterm labour. MATERIAL AND METHOD 313 expectant mothers aged between 18 to 44 years (ranges: 18-25, 26-30 and 31-44 years) with no psychological disorders, hospitalized and treated due to the risk of preterm labour were surveyed. All the examined pregnant women expressed voluntary and informed consent for the participation in the survey. Each of the questionnaires given to the examined pregnant women contained: a questionnaire form devised by the authors, to establish the characteristics of the surveyed expectant mothers, and the following research standardized tool - Negative and Positive Feelings Scale by P. Brzozowski. RESULTS The value of the mean level of positive feel- ings state in the group of patients aged 31-44 years with higher education was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the mean value in the group of patients aged 26-30 years with secondary or primary/vocational education. Marital status and place of residence had no effect on the level of positive feelings as a condition of pregnant women in the study group (p > 0.05). There were no significant statistical differences (p > 0.05) between the level of negative feel- ings trait and age. It was found, however, that the level of negative feelings trait was significantly lower (p = 0.0009) in pregnant women with higher education than in pregnant women who had completed secondary education. CONCLUSION 1. Among pregnant women at risk of pre- term labour, higher levels of positive feelings were found in pregnant women aged 31-44 years with higher education, being married and residents of a provincial city. 2. In order to reduce negative feelings in pregnant women at risk of preterm labour it seems important to implement appropriate psychological and prophylactic management, provide adequate care in the pregnancy pathology department, as well as support from the medical staff and the family. These activities should be targeted particularly at younger women with primary education or vocational training, not being married and living in rural areas.
{"title":"An analysis of the feelings of pregnant women at risk of preterm labour.","authors":"M. Sulima, M. Makara-Studzińska, M. Lewicka, K. Wiktor, K. Kanadys, H. Wiktor","doi":"10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.13","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000The aim of the study was an analysis of the feelings of pregnant women at risk ofpreterm labour.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIAL AND METHOD\u0000313 expectant mothers aged between 18 to 44 years (ranges: 18-25, 26-30 and 31-44 years) with no psychological disorders, hospitalized and treated due to the risk of preterm labour were surveyed. All the examined pregnant women expressed voluntary and informed consent for the participation in the survey. Each of the questionnaires given to the examined pregnant women contained: a questionnaire form devised by the authors, to establish the characteristics of the surveyed expectant mothers, and the following research standardized tool - Negative and Positive Feelings Scale by P. Brzozowski.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The value of the mean level of positive feel- ings state in the group of patients aged 31-44 years with higher education was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the mean value in the group of patients aged 26-30 years with secondary or primary/vocational education. Marital status and place of residence had no effect on the level of positive feelings as a condition of pregnant women in the study group (p > 0.05). There were no significant statistical differences (p > 0.05) between the level of negative feel- ings trait and age. It was found, however, that the level of negative feelings trait was significantly lower (p = 0.0009) in pregnant women with higher education than in pregnant women who had completed secondary education.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u00001. Among pregnant women at risk of pre- term labour, higher levels of positive feelings were found in pregnant women aged 31-44 years with higher education, being married and residents of a provincial city. 2. In order to reduce negative feelings in pregnant women at risk of preterm labour it seems important to implement appropriate psychological and prophylactic management, provide adequate care in the pregnancy pathology department, as well as support from the medical staff and the family. These activities should be targeted particularly at younger women with primary education or vocational training, not being married and living in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":7883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis","volume":"3 1","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87559587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article describes attitudes to disability and physically disabled people, taking into account the aspect of ethical and social location, what physically disabled meant in societies, and ways to solve the problems of disability. The article is based on studies of disability and historical sources. Christ's attitude shown in the Gospels changed the traditional cultures of the ancient treatment of disability in terms of it being seen as a penalty of the divine. The development of Christianity caused a gradual expansion of the ideas of charity, at the same time stepping up care and material support to all those physically disabled in need. Care of the disabled is based mostly on charity. Church activities supported, by the structure of the State and private individuals, was of paramount importance. Medieval society felt responsible for disabled people.
{"title":"[Attitudes towards physical disability in the Middle Ages].","authors":"Marcin Kolwitz, S. Dąbrowski","doi":"10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21164/POMJLIFESCI.19","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes attitudes to disability and physically disabled people, taking into account the aspect of ethical and social location, what physically disabled meant in societies, and ways to solve the problems of disability. The article is based on studies of disability and historical sources. Christ's attitude shown in the Gospels changed the traditional cultures of the ancient treatment of disability in terms of it being seen as a penalty of the divine. The development of Christianity caused a gradual expansion of the ideas of charity, at the same time stepping up care and material support to all those physically disabled in need. Care of the disabled is based mostly on charity. Church activities supported, by the structure of the State and private individuals, was of paramount importance. Medieval society felt responsible for disabled people.","PeriodicalId":7883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis","volume":"351 1","pages":"103-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79992979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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