Pork primal weight and primal yield are important indicators for pig breeding, feeding management, commercial distribution systems, and meat processing. Here, we aimed to determine whether primal weight and primal yield could be predicted through non-destructive measurements of pork carcass traits. A total of 4397 carcasses (1958 gilts and 2439 barrows) from eight major meat processing centers were used, and the mean primal weight and primal yield were 56.0 kg and 73.9%, respectively. Significant sex differences were observed for all primal and carcass traits (P < 0.001), except for carcass weight. A maximum of 12 variables were examined, and primal weight was predicted with very high accuracy (R = 0.95, RMSE = 1.7, RPD = 3.0) using four variables. Primal yield was predicted with relatively good accuracy (R = 0.71, RMSE = 2.3, RPD = 1.4) using three variables, and these same variables were also effective for predicting primal weight. These prediction formulas were sufficiently accurate without accounting for the effect of sex. Overall, our results demonstrate that primal weight and primal yield can be accurately predicted using four variables, "carcass weight," "backfat thickness above M. gluteus medius," "spinous process length of 13th thoracic vertebra," and "length from 1st thoracic vertebra to backfat," without accounting for the effect of sex.
{"title":"Predicting primal weight and primal yield in pork carcasses from a large-scale survey at major meat processing centers in Japan.","authors":"Toshiaki Okumura, Shinya Iizuka, Ikuyo Nakajima, Kazunori Matsumoto, Masakazu Irie","doi":"10.1111/asj.14001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.14001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pork primal weight and primal yield are important indicators for pig breeding, feeding management, commercial distribution systems, and meat processing. Here, we aimed to determine whether primal weight and primal yield could be predicted through non-destructive measurements of pork carcass traits. A total of 4397 carcasses (1958 gilts and 2439 barrows) from eight major meat processing centers were used, and the mean primal weight and primal yield were 56.0 kg and 73.9%, respectively. Significant sex differences were observed for all primal and carcass traits (P < 0.001), except for carcass weight. A maximum of 12 variables were examined, and primal weight was predicted with very high accuracy (R = 0.95, RMSE = 1.7, RPD = 3.0) using four variables. Primal yield was predicted with relatively good accuracy (R = 0.71, RMSE = 2.3, RPD = 1.4) using three variables, and these same variables were also effective for predicting primal weight. These prediction formulas were sufficiently accurate without accounting for the effect of sex. Overall, our results demonstrate that primal weight and primal yield can be accurately predicted using four variables, \"carcass weight,\" \"backfat thickness above M. gluteus medius,\" \"spinous process length of 13th thoracic vertebra,\" and \"length from 1st thoracic vertebra to backfat,\" without accounting for the effect of sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Afshar Bakeshlo, Behnam Ahmadipour, Fariborz Khajali, Nasrollah Pirany
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of different levels of zinc supplements on egg quality and quantity traits as well as egg enrichment with zinc in laying hens from 40 to 50 weeks of age. A total of 240 Hy-line laying hens were distributed among eight treatments and five replications (six birds per replication). The control group received no zinc diet, while the other treatments were supplemented with varying levels of zinc sulfate (80, 120, and 160 mg/kg) or zinc hydroxy chloride (50, 75, and 100 mg/kg). An additional group of zinc-methionine supplement at 124 mg/kg was also included. Results showed that different levels of zinc supplementation caused a significant improvement in eggshell resistance, eggshell percentage, feed conversion ratio, and Haugh unit compared to the control group. Adding organic and hydroxy sources of zinc significantly increased zinc contents in egg yolk, tibia bone, and blood. In addition, the treatments containing zinc supplements caused an increase in the antibody level against the Newcastle disease compared to the control (P < 0.05). Different levels and sources of zinc had no significant effect on eggshell thickness, specific gravity, and egg mass. Results showed that adding zinc in hydroxy chloride form at 100 mg/kg could improve performance indices, safety, and egg enrichment with zinc.
{"title":"Comparative effects of zinc hydroxy chloride, zinc sulfate, and zinc-methionine on egg quality and quantity traits in laying hens.","authors":"Ali Afshar Bakeshlo, Behnam Ahmadipour, Fariborz Khajali, Nasrollah Pirany","doi":"10.1111/asj.13996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of different levels of zinc supplements on egg quality and quantity traits as well as egg enrichment with zinc in laying hens from 40 to 50 weeks of age. A total of 240 Hy-line laying hens were distributed among eight treatments and five replications (six birds per replication). The control group received no zinc diet, while the other treatments were supplemented with varying levels of zinc sulfate (80, 120, and 160 mg/kg) or zinc hydroxy chloride (50, 75, and 100 mg/kg). An additional group of zinc-methionine supplement at 124 mg/kg was also included. Results showed that different levels of zinc supplementation caused a significant improvement in eggshell resistance, eggshell percentage, feed conversion ratio, and Haugh unit compared to the control group. Adding organic and hydroxy sources of zinc significantly increased zinc contents in egg yolk, tibia bone, and blood. In addition, the treatments containing zinc supplements caused an increase in the antibody level against the Newcastle disease compared to the control (P < 0.05). Different levels and sources of zinc had no significant effect on eggshell thickness, specific gravity, and egg mass. Results showed that adding zinc in hydroxy chloride form at 100 mg/kg could improve performance indices, safety, and egg enrichment with zinc.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Marzok, Hattan S Gattan, Mohamed Salem, Abdelfattah Selim
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), is widely spread, poses a considerable risk of infection in the majority of dairy farms, causing respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive problems. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and the risk variables associated with the seroprevalence of BVDV infection in cattle in four Egyptian governorates. A total of 680 blood samples were collected from cattle and examined for the presence of antibodies against BVDV using indirect ELISA (iELISA). Reproductive and management factors were considered, and epidemiological surveys were conducted. The total seroprevalence of BVDV in cattle was 18.24% (124/680) and it was significantly higher in females 19.66% (116/590), cattle older than 8 years 22.14% (62/280), dairy animals 22.65% (94/514), introduction of new animals to herd 21.39% (89/416), breeding with artificial insemination 28.46% (74/260), animals with history of abortion 28.76% (49/357), or during lactation stage 23% (89/387). The present findings suggest that BVD is prevalent in Egyptian dairy cattle and has an impact on farm productivity and production. Therefore, older, lactating, and aborted animals should also be identified for the disease, pose a risk of infection, and be handled appropriately.
{"title":"Serosurvey and associated risk factors for bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in cattle in Egypt.","authors":"Mohamed Marzok, Hattan S Gattan, Mohamed Salem, Abdelfattah Selim","doi":"10.1111/asj.13995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), is widely spread, poses a considerable risk of infection in the majority of dairy farms, causing respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive problems. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and the risk variables associated with the seroprevalence of BVDV infection in cattle in four Egyptian governorates. A total of 680 blood samples were collected from cattle and examined for the presence of antibodies against BVDV using indirect ELISA (iELISA). Reproductive and management factors were considered, and epidemiological surveys were conducted. The total seroprevalence of BVDV in cattle was 18.24% (124/680) and it was significantly higher in females 19.66% (116/590), cattle older than 8 years 22.14% (62/280), dairy animals 22.65% (94/514), introduction of new animals to herd 21.39% (89/416), breeding with artificial insemination 28.46% (74/260), animals with history of abortion 28.76% (49/357), or during lactation stage 23% (89/387). The present findings suggest that BVD is prevalent in Egyptian dairy cattle and has an impact on farm productivity and production. Therefore, older, lactating, and aborted animals should also be identified for the disease, pose a risk of infection, and be handled appropriately.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the impact of different levels of coated cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH) supplementation on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites in Charolais cross bulls. Twelve bulls were allotted to three feeding treatments in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design: 0% CSH (control), 0.5% CSH, and 1.0% CSH in concentrate. Animals were fed concentrate at 1.5% of body weight. Dry matter intake (DMI) and DMI as a percentage of body weight showed no significant differences among treatments (p > 0.10). Nutrient digestibility was consistent across treatments, except for a slight decrease in NDF digestibility with 1% CSH (p = 0.07). Ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acid (VFA) proportions, and total VFA concentration were similar among treatments (p > 0.05). Total bacteria, fungal zoospores, and protozoa populations in the rumen did not vary significantly (p > 0.05). Blood glucose and triglyceride concentrations remained stable (p > 0.05), while blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were higher in CSH-supplemented groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, incorporating CSH levels ranging from 0.5% to 1.0% into the diet did not adversely affect feed intake, ruminal fermentation, or microbial populations. Additionally, 1.0% CSH improved BUN concentration in growing Charolais cross bulls.
{"title":"Effects of various levels of coated cysteamine hydrochloride in the diet on feed intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites in growing Charolais crossbred cattle.","authors":"Watcharawit Meenongyai, Kannika Wongpanit, Piyamas Phongkaew, Pichad Khejornsart, Pramoet Kamkuan, Phongphet Khamngamdi, Nattawut Kokaew, Sahapap Papsaree, Chayanun Tammanoi, Nuttawut Namwongsa, Natthaphon Phungkrathok, Artsani Srijan, Chakkrit Siriket, Naroon Waramit, Tanmay Modak, Md Abdur Rahman, Md Sifat Habib Siam, A K M Ahsan Kabir, Noboru Manabe","doi":"10.1111/asj.13997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the impact of different levels of coated cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH) supplementation on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites in Charolais cross bulls. Twelve bulls were allotted to three feeding treatments in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design: 0% CSH (control), 0.5% CSH, and 1.0% CSH in concentrate. Animals were fed concentrate at 1.5% of body weight. Dry matter intake (DMI) and DMI as a percentage of body weight showed no significant differences among treatments (p > 0.10). Nutrient digestibility was consistent across treatments, except for a slight decrease in NDF digestibility with 1% CSH (p = 0.07). Ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acid (VFA) proportions, and total VFA concentration were similar among treatments (p > 0.05). Total bacteria, fungal zoospores, and protozoa populations in the rumen did not vary significantly (p > 0.05). Blood glucose and triglyceride concentrations remained stable (p > 0.05), while blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were higher in CSH-supplemented groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, incorporating CSH levels ranging from 0.5% to 1.0% into the diet did not adversely affect feed intake, ruminal fermentation, or microbial populations. Additionally, 1.0% CSH improved BUN concentration in growing Charolais cross bulls.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the development of wearable devices, it is now possible to monitor livestock behavior 24 h a day. In this study, we estimated the genetic parameters of the daily duration of six behaviors (feeding, moving, lying, standing, ruminating while lying, and ruminating while standing) in beef cattle, automatically classified using wearable devices. The devices were attached to 332 Japanese beef cattle at two stations for approximately 5 months. We compared repeatability, Poisson regression, and random regression models using the deviance information criterion. Poisson regression models were selected for all traits at each station, probably because of the non-normal distribution of the phenotypes. The heritability estimates by the Poisson regression models were moderate at each station: 0.67 and 0.68 for feeding, 0.68 and 0.53 for moving, 0.47 and 0.55 for lying, 0.45 and 0.40 for standing, 0.51 and 0.59 for ruminating while lying, and 0.37 and 0.45 for ruminating while standing. The genetic correlations between these traits were all negative at both stations, whereas the residual correlations showed different directions depending on the station. Although validation studies with larger populations are needed to confirm these findings, this study provides fundamental knowledge of the genetic basis of daily behavior in beef cattle.
{"title":"Genetic parameters of behavior traits of beef cattle classified using wearable devices.","authors":"Akio Onogi, Riku Fujii, Toshio Watanabe, Atsushi Ogino, Masakazu Shinomiya, Kazuhito Kurogi","doi":"10.1111/asj.14002","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asj.14002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the development of wearable devices, it is now possible to monitor livestock behavior 24 h a day. In this study, we estimated the genetic parameters of the daily duration of six behaviors (feeding, moving, lying, standing, ruminating while lying, and ruminating while standing) in beef cattle, automatically classified using wearable devices. The devices were attached to 332 Japanese beef cattle at two stations for approximately 5 months. We compared repeatability, Poisson regression, and random regression models using the deviance information criterion. Poisson regression models were selected for all traits at each station, probably because of the non-normal distribution of the phenotypes. The heritability estimates by the Poisson regression models were moderate at each station: 0.67 and 0.68 for feeding, 0.68 and 0.53 for moving, 0.47 and 0.55 for lying, 0.45 and 0.40 for standing, 0.51 and 0.59 for ruminating while lying, and 0.37 and 0.45 for ruminating while standing. The genetic correlations between these traits were all negative at both stations, whereas the residual correlations showed different directions depending on the station. Although validation studies with larger populations are needed to confirm these findings, this study provides fundamental knowledge of the genetic basis of daily behavior in beef cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcelo José Böck, Robson Rodrigues Simões, Rose Eli Grassi Rici, Sérgio de Carvalho, João Vlademir do Santos Roberts, Luciano de Morais-Pinto
Sheep meet production systems require roughage feed of good nutritional quality. However, the production of sorghum or corn silage, besides expensive, also depends on large cultivable areas and favorable weather conditions. Thus, agro-industrial residues have stood out as a feed alternative that contribute to the reduction of production costs and to the conservation of the environment. Fragments of the ruminal mucosa of 30 healthy lambs fed with agro-industrial residues and slaughtered with a final weight of 36 kg were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy. We observed that the coproducts grape residue and wet brewery residue affected the shape, dimensions, and cytoarchitecture of the rumen epithelium in contrast to traditional sorghum silage. The rumen papillae of lambs fed grape waste were larger, and their epithelium was thinner when compared to the papillae of lambs fed wet brewery waste and sorghum silage. It can be assumed that the increased mucosal surface area of the rumen contributed to greater weight gain and reduced time to slaughter. The use of a greater variety of agro-industrial residues as a substitute for traditional feedstuffs contributes to the increase in animal protein production in many countries, making the confinement of sheep more viable and sustainable.
{"title":"Morphological aspects of rumen papillae of lambs fed agro-industrial wastes","authors":"Marcelo José Böck, Robson Rodrigues Simões, Rose Eli Grassi Rici, Sérgio de Carvalho, João Vlademir do Santos Roberts, Luciano de Morais-Pinto","doi":"10.1111/asj.13897","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asj.13897","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sheep meet production systems require roughage feed of good nutritional quality. However, the production of sorghum or corn silage, besides expensive, also depends on large cultivable areas and favorable weather conditions. Thus, agro-industrial residues have stood out as a feed alternative that contribute to the reduction of production costs and to the conservation of the environment. Fragments of the ruminal mucosa of 30 healthy lambs fed with agro-industrial residues and slaughtered with a final weight of 36 kg were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy. We observed that the coproducts grape residue and wet brewery residue affected the shape, dimensions, and cytoarchitecture of the rumen epithelium in contrast to traditional sorghum silage. The rumen papillae of lambs fed grape waste were larger, and their epithelium was thinner when compared to the papillae of lambs fed wet brewery waste and sorghum silage. It can be assumed that the increased mucosal surface area of the rumen contributed to greater weight gain and reduced time to slaughter. The use of a greater variety of agro-industrial residues as a substitute for traditional feedstuffs contributes to the increase in animal protein production in many countries, making the confinement of sheep more viable and sustainable.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139039402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to compare the zinc (Zn) nanoparticles obtained from plant extracts with different zinc sources and to reveal the effects of different Zn sources on growth performance, egg quality traits and blood serum parameters of laying quail. Treatment groups as follows: control and 3 and 6 mg/kg inorganic, organic, and plant extract-derived nano-Zn particles to quail diet supplementation. Animals were fed on experimental diets for 6 weeks. Different Zn sources supplemented into quail diets did not significantly affect live weights (P > 0.05). On the other hand, different Zn sources increased egg yields (P < 0.05). Plant extract-derived nano-Zn supplementations into quail diets increased feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, and egg weights (P < 0.05). However, 6 mg/kg plant extract-derived nano-Zn supplementations reduced egg weights. Different Zn sources did not have any significant effects on egg yolk weight (g) and egg yolk color L*b* values (P > 0.05). For blood serum parameters, 6 mg/kg plant extract-derived nano-Zn supplementations increased blood serum AST, ALT, and Zn values (P < 0.05). No adverse effect was observed on the measured values in laying Japanese quails. The findings suggest that plant extract-derived nano-Zn particles could reliably be used in quail feeding.
{"title":"Comparison of plant extract-derived nano-zinc particles with different zinc sources and effects of different Zn sources on egg yield and quality traits","authors":"İsmail Ülger, Saif Shakir Mahmood","doi":"10.1111/asj.13903","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asj.13903","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to compare the zinc (Zn) nanoparticles obtained from plant extracts with different zinc sources and to reveal the effects of different Zn sources on growth performance, egg quality traits and blood serum parameters of laying quail. Treatment groups as follows: control and 3 and 6 mg/kg inorganic, organic, and plant extract-derived nano-Zn particles to quail diet supplementation. Animals were fed on experimental diets for 6 weeks. Different Zn sources supplemented into quail diets did not significantly affect live weights (<i>P</i> > 0.05). On the other hand, different Zn sources increased egg yields (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Plant extract-derived nano-Zn supplementations into quail diets increased feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, and egg weights (<i>P</i> < 0.05). However, 6 mg/kg plant extract-derived nano-Zn supplementations reduced egg weights. Different Zn sources did not have any significant effects on egg yolk weight (g) and egg yolk color L*b* values (<i>P</i> > 0.05). For blood serum parameters, 6 mg/kg plant extract-derived nano-Zn supplementations increased blood serum AST, ALT, and Zn values (<i>P</i> < 0.05). No adverse effect was observed on the measured values in laying Japanese quails. The findings suggest that plant extract-derived nano-Zn particles could reliably be used in quail feeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/asj.13903","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138794875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to determine the carcass, visceral organ, and meat properties according to the sex in slow growing broilers (SGB) and fast growing broilers (FGB). Six broilers from each genotype and sex group were slaughtered every week. It was determined that the difference between SGB and FGB in terms of carcass yield occurred at the highest level at 5 weeks and this difference continued until the age of 10 weeks. The weight percentages of all visceral organs examined in FGB were lower than in SGB. Higher values of pH, lightness, and cooking loss were determined in breast and thigh meat of FGB compared with SGB (P < 0.05). The effects of genotype on protein levels of breast and leg meats were found to be insignificant. The fat level in breast meat was insignificant between genotypes after the fifth week of fattening period. There was no difference between the sexes regarding meat quality in both genotypes. When FGB and SGB were reared under the intensive conditions for 10 weeks, it was observed that visceral organs developed in harmony with body weight, especially in SGB during the 10 weeks of fattening period and SGB maintained their superiority in terms of meat quality.
{"title":"Carcass, visceral organ, and meat quality properties of two broiler hybrids differing in growth rates","authors":"Hilal Çapar Akyüz, Esin Ebru Onbaşılar","doi":"10.1111/asj.13901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13901","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to determine the carcass, visceral organ, and meat properties according to the sex in slow growing broilers (SGB) and fast growing broilers (FGB). Six broilers from each genotype and sex group were slaughtered every week. It was determined that the difference between SGB and FGB in terms of carcass yield occurred at the highest level at 5 weeks and this difference continued until the age of 10 weeks. The weight percentages of all visceral organs examined in FGB were lower than in SGB. Higher values of pH, lightness, and cooking loss were determined in breast and thigh meat of FGB compared with SGB (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The effects of genotype on protein levels of breast and leg meats were found to be insignificant. The fat level in breast meat was insignificant between genotypes after the fifth week of fattening period. There was no difference between the sexes regarding meat quality in both genotypes. When FGB and SGB were reared under the intensive conditions for 10 weeks, it was observed that visceral organs developed in harmony with body weight, especially in SGB during the 10 weeks of fattening period and SGB maintained their superiority in terms of meat quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/asj.13901","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138739810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different starch contents in calf starter on the growth, feed intake, and fecal characteristics in dairy calves fed under a high plane of nutrition. Twenty-seven Holstein calves were assigned equally to one of three calf starter treatment groups in a randomized block design: high (H) starch (41.8%); medium (M) starch (31.9%); and low (L) starch (22.0%). Milk replacer was fed up to 1.2 kg/day as fed, gradually reduced from 6 weeks of age; calves were weaned at 8 weeks of age. Each starter (up to 3.5 kg/day as fed) and chopped hay were provided ad libitum from 5 days of age. Fecal samples, along with body measurements, were collected from 4 to 13 weeks of age. The average daily gain after weaning was greater in the H group than in the L group. The average starter intake for 3 days before weaning was not different among treatments but was greater after weaning in the H group than in the L group. Starter starch content did not affect the number of days with diarrhea or fecal starch concentration. The high-starch starter had no adverse effects during the weaning transition.
本研究旨在探讨犊牛开食料中不同淀粉含量对高营养水平下奶牛犊牛生长、采食量和粪便特征的影响。采用随机区组设计,将 27 头荷斯坦犊牛平均分配到三个犊牛开食料处理组中的一个:高(H)淀粉(41.8%)组;中(M)淀粉(31.9%)组;低(L)淀粉(22.0%)组。代乳粉的日喂量最高为 1.2 千克,从 6 周龄开始逐渐减少;犊牛在 8 周龄断奶。从犊牛 5 日龄开始,每天喂食 3.5 千克的开食料和切碎的干草。从 4 到 13 周龄收集粪便样本和身体测量数据。断奶后,H 组的平均日增重高于 L 组。断奶前 3 天的平均开食量在不同处理之间没有差异,但断奶后 H 组的开食量大于 L 组。开食性淀粉含量不会影响腹泻天数或粪便中的淀粉浓度。高淀粉开食料在断奶过渡期间没有不良影响。
{"title":"Effects of starch content of calf starter on feed intake, growth performance, and fecal properties in dairy calves under a high plane of milk replacer feeding","authors":"Hitomi Satoh, Rika Fukumori, Takehiko Osada, Kensuke Shimada, Shin Oikawa, Kenichi Izumi","doi":"10.1111/asj.13911","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asj.13911","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different starch contents in calf starter on the growth, feed intake, and fecal characteristics in dairy calves fed under a high plane of nutrition. Twenty-seven Holstein calves were assigned equally to one of three calf starter treatment groups in a randomized block design: high (H) starch (41.8%); medium (M) starch (31.9%); and low (L) starch (22.0%). Milk replacer was fed up to 1.2 kg/day as fed, gradually reduced from 6 weeks of age; calves were weaned at 8 weeks of age. Each starter (up to 3.5 kg/day as fed) and chopped hay were provided ad libitum from 5 days of age. Fecal samples, along with body measurements, were collected from 4 to 13 weeks of age. The average daily gain after weaning was greater in the H group than in the L group. The average starter intake for 3 days before weaning was not different among treatments but was greater after weaning in the H group than in the L group. Starter starch content did not affect the number of days with diarrhea or fecal starch concentration. The high-starch starter had no adverse effects during the weaning transition.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138794883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
“Farm HACCP” incorporates the concept of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) into farm animal husbandry and sanitation management to ensure the safety of livestock products and improve productivity. Implementing farm HACCP may reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are derived from livestock manure and are responsible for odors, PM2.5, and photochemical oxidants. In this study, the effects of implementing farm HACCP on the emissions, composition, and environmental impact of VOCs from sheds were evaluated. VOCs in swine, dairy cattle, and hen sheds were measured before and after implementing farm HACCP. After implementing farm HACCP, the concentrations in the sheds were 55%–80% lower than the concentration in the sheds before. Odor activity values decreased in the cattle and hen sheds, whereas they increased in the swine shed. In addition, OH radical reactivity, an indicator of reactivity with OH radicals, decreased in all sheds. Finally, the emission rates of VOCs from each shed were estimated to be 42%–97% lower. These results suggest that implementing farm HACCP can reduce emissions of VOCs from livestock industries.
{"title":"Effect of farm Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (farm HACCP) certification efforts on emissions of volatile organic compounds from livestock sheds in Japan","authors":"Nobuyuki Tanaka, Arika Aizawa, Akane Miyazaki, Yoshitake Ando","doi":"10.1111/asj.13908","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asj.13908","url":null,"abstract":"<p>“Farm HACCP” incorporates the concept of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) into farm animal husbandry and sanitation management to ensure the safety of livestock products and improve productivity. Implementing farm HACCP may reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are derived from livestock manure and are responsible for odors, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and photochemical oxidants. In this study, the effects of implementing farm HACCP on the emissions, composition, and environmental impact of VOCs from sheds were evaluated. VOCs in swine, dairy cattle, and hen sheds were measured before and after implementing farm HACCP. After implementing farm HACCP, the concentrations in the sheds were 55%–80% lower than the concentration in the sheds before. Odor activity values decreased in the cattle and hen sheds, whereas they increased in the swine shed. In addition, OH radical reactivity, an indicator of reactivity with OH radicals, decreased in all sheds. Finally, the emission rates of VOCs from each shed were estimated to be 42%–97% lower. These results suggest that implementing farm HACCP can reduce emissions of VOCs from livestock industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138794879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}