K. E. Tian, Dicky Aldian, Gan Luo, Armess Sossou, Masato Yayota
In this study, we characterized the effects of CT dietary inclusion at 2% (wt/wt) dry matter on the goat rumen metabolome and fermentation characteristics. Barley (BA) and corn (CN) were separately used as basal grain for the control rations, and rations supplemented with CT were BACT and CNCT, respectively. The rations were tested using eight Japanese Shiba × Saanen goats in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square arrangement (28 days for each period). Ruminal fluid was obtained on day 25 of each period, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) analysis was performed. Metabolites from BACT against BA and CNCT against CN were mostly associated with purine metabolism. Moreover, BACT against BA showed intensified biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and CNCT against CN resulted in strengthened amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, strong correlations were observed between rumen NH3-N and the copy number of total bacteria with most of the differential metabolites. The present paper provides a better understanding of the relationship between the rumen metabolome and fermentation characteristics and supports a shift in concern about using CT as a strategy to manipulate rumen metabolism.
{"title":"Condensed tannin-induced variations in the rumen metabolome and the correlation with fermentation characteristics in goats","authors":"K. E. Tian, Dicky Aldian, Gan Luo, Armess Sossou, Masato Yayota","doi":"10.1111/asj.13925","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asj.13925","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, we characterized the effects of CT dietary inclusion at 2% (wt/wt) dry matter on the goat rumen metabolome and fermentation characteristics. Barley (BA) and corn (CN) were separately used as basal grain for the control rations, and rations supplemented with CT were BACT and CNCT, respectively. The rations were tested using eight Japanese Shiba × Saanen goats in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square arrangement (28 days for each period). Ruminal fluid was obtained on day 25 of each period, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) analysis was performed. Metabolites from BACT against BA and CNCT against CN were mostly associated with purine metabolism. Moreover, BACT against BA showed intensified biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and CNCT against CN resulted in strengthened amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, strong correlations were observed between rumen NH<sub>3</sub>-N and the copy number of total bacteria with most of the differential metabolites. The present paper provides a better understanding of the relationship between the rumen metabolome and fermentation characteristics and supports a shift in concern about using CT as a strategy to manipulate rumen metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/asj.13925","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate the effects of various cooking procedures on the sensory and physicochemical properties of Japanese jidori chicken (Choshu-Kurokashiwa) and broiler thigh meat. Thigh meats were cooked using three different procedures: grilling, boiling, and deep-frying. Subsequently, we performed sensory evaluation by a trained panel and instrumental analysis on both raw and cooked meat to determine changes in pH, shear force value, cooking loss, nucleotide metabolite contents, and proximate, free amino acid, and fatty acid composition. From the sensory evaluation, “springiness” and “chewiness” were found to be characteristics of Choshu-Kurokashiwa thigh meat among all cooking procedures. In terms of “juiciness” and “sulfur flavor,” chicken breed and cooking procedure interacted, and these were considerably higher in Choshu-Kurokashiwa meat than in broiler meat only when boiling. In the instrumental analysis, Choshu-Kurokashiwa meat showed a considerably higher shear force value and lower free amino acid content than broiler meat, regardless of the cooking procedure used. Again, in terms of cooking loss, chicken breed and cooking procedure interacted, and this was considerably lower in Choshu-Kurokashiwa meat than in broiler meat only when boiling. These results showed that cooking procedure should be considered when describing the sensory characteristics of jidori thigh meat.
{"title":"Sensory and physicochemical characteristics of Japanese jidori chicken (Choshu-Kurokashiwa) and broiler thigh meat: Effect of cooking procedure","authors":"Shohei Murata, Keisuke Sasaki","doi":"10.1111/asj.13932","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asj.13932","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of various cooking procedures on the sensory and physicochemical properties of Japanese <i>jidori</i> chicken (<i>Choshu-Kurokashiwa</i>) and broiler thigh meat. Thigh meats were cooked using three different procedures: grilling, boiling, and deep-frying. Subsequently, we performed sensory evaluation by a trained panel and instrumental analysis on both raw and cooked meat to determine changes in pH, shear force value, cooking loss, nucleotide metabolite contents, and proximate, free amino acid, and fatty acid composition. From the sensory evaluation, “springiness” and “chewiness” were found to be characteristics of <i>Choshu-Kurokashiwa</i> thigh meat among all cooking procedures. In terms of “juiciness” and “sulfur flavor,” chicken breed and cooking procedure interacted, and these were considerably higher in <i>Choshu-Kurokashiwa</i> meat than in broiler meat only when boiling. In the instrumental analysis, <i>Choshu-Kurokashiwa</i> meat showed a considerably higher shear force value and lower free amino acid content than broiler meat, regardless of the cooking procedure used. Again, in terms of cooking loss, chicken breed and cooking procedure interacted, and this was considerably lower in <i>Choshu-Kurokashiwa</i> meat than in broiler meat only when boiling. These results showed that cooking procedure should be considered when describing the sensory characteristics of <i>jidori</i> thigh meat.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139970724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A method of calculating weighted values for objective traits from the phenotypic records of all animals in a population was devised as an alternative to the conventional method of calculating weighted values from a family selection index. The genetic improvement of this method was verified by Monte Carlo computer simulation. A base population consisting of 10 males and 50 females, and five separate generations, other than the base population that had been randomly selected, was bred for two traits with different heritabilities. The breeding values of animals in generation five were estimated using the bivariate BLUP method. The three different weighted values obtained from this method and two conventional methods for estimated breeding values of the objective traits were used to estimate aggregate breeding values for selection. The results showed that selection using weighted values calculated from all animals in a population resulted in a greater response to selection, especially when the genetic correlation between the two traits was positive, than selection using other conventional methods. The use of the method devised in this study was expected to result in a greater genetic improvement than the conventional family selection index method for pig breeding programs applied in closed herds in Japan.
{"title":"A method of calculating weighted values of objective traits for BLUP of breeding values to achieve relative desired changes","authors":"Masahiro Satoh","doi":"10.1111/asj.13933","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asj.13933","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A method of calculating weighted values for objective traits from the phenotypic records of all animals in a population was devised as an alternative to the conventional method of calculating weighted values from a family selection index. The genetic improvement of this method was verified by Monte Carlo computer simulation. A base population consisting of 10 males and 50 females, and five separate generations, other than the base population that had been randomly selected, was bred for two traits with different heritabilities. The breeding values of animals in generation five were estimated using the bivariate BLUP method. The three different weighted values obtained from this method and two conventional methods for estimated breeding values of the objective traits were used to estimate aggregate breeding values for selection. The results showed that selection using weighted values calculated from all animals in a population resulted in a greater response to selection, especially when the genetic correlation between the two traits was positive, than selection using other conventional methods. The use of the method devised in this study was expected to result in a greater genetic improvement than the conventional family selection index method for pig breeding programs applied in closed herds in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/asj.13933","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139970723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra Salehian, Hamed Khalilvandi-Behroozyar, Rasoul Pirmohammadi, Nasrollah Ahmadifard, Hadi Almasi, Mohammad Ramin
This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementing Isochrysis galbana (I. galbana) at levels of 0 (control), 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 (g/100 g DM) of the diet on the gas production kinetics, methane production, rumen fermentation parameters, and relative microbial population in vitro. Supplementation of I. galbana at high level (5 g/100 g DM) caused a significant decrease in total gas production (p < 0.05). High supplementation rates (4 and 5 g/100 g DM) decreased CH4 production relative to the control by 18.4% and 23.2%, respectively. Although rumen ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations were affected by dietary treatments, but the VFA profile did not changed. The relative proportion of protozoa and methanogenic archaea as well as Anaerovibrio lipolytica, Prevotella spp., Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Fibrobacter succinogenes were decreased significantly as a result of microalgae supplementation. However, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus albus, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Selenomonas ruminantium were significantly increased (p < 0.05), related to the control group. As well, the pH was not affected by dietary treatments. It was concluded that I. galbana reduced in vitro CH4 production and methanogenic archaea that its worth to be investigated further in in vivo studies.
{"title":"Investigating the effect of supplementing different levels of Isochrysis galbana on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters","authors":"Zahra Salehian, Hamed Khalilvandi-Behroozyar, Rasoul Pirmohammadi, Nasrollah Ahmadifard, Hadi Almasi, Mohammad Ramin","doi":"10.1111/asj.13929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13929","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementing <i>Isochrysis galbana</i> (<i>I</i>. <i>galbana</i>) at levels of 0 (control), 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 (g/100 g DM) of the diet on the gas production kinetics, methane production, rumen fermentation parameters, and relative microbial population in vitro. Supplementation of <i>I</i>. <i>galbana</i> at high level (5 g/100 g DM) caused a significant decrease in total gas production (<i>p</i> < 0.05). High supplementation rates (4 and 5 g/100 g DM) decreased CH<sub>4</sub> production relative to the control by 18.4% and 23.2%, respectively. Although rumen ammonia nitrogen (N-NH<sub>3)</sub> and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations were affected by dietary treatments, but the VFA profile did not changed. The relative proportion of protozoa and methanogenic archaea as well as <i>Anaerovibrio lipolytica</i>, <i>Prevotella</i> spp., <i>Ruminococcus flavefaciens</i>, and <i>Fibrobacter succinogenes</i> were decreased significantly as a result of microalgae supplementation. However, the relative abundance of <i>Ruminococcus albus</i>, <i>Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens</i> and <i>Selenomonas ruminantium</i> were significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05), related to the control group. As well, the pH was not affected by dietary treatments. It was concluded that <i>I</i>. <i>galbana</i> reduced in vitro CH<sub>4</sub> production and methanogenic archaea that its worth to be investigated further in in vivo studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139942871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three methods of predicting the response to truncated selection based on BLUP of breeding values (BVs) were compared under conditions in which the phenotypic values for the progenies of selected animals were not available. The following methods were used to predict the response to selection: (1) based on the mean of estimated breeding values (EBV) in the candidate population for selection (), (2) based on the variance of EBV in the candidate population for selection (), and (3) based on diagonal elements of the inverse matrix on the left-hand side of the mixed model equation (). The deviation of the average BV of the selected animals from the average BV of the candidate population for selection was taken as the true response to selection. The pedigree information and phenotypic values used for comparison were generated by Monte Carlo computer simulation. The results showed that had the smallest absolute mean error and had the smallest root-mean-square error. We concluded that it is desirable to use
在无法获得被选动物后代表型值的条件下，比较了基于育种值（BVs）的BLUP预测截断选择反应的三种方法。预测选择反应的方法如下(1) 基于候选选择群体中估计育种值（EBV）的平均值（∆ g 1 $$ Delta {mathrm{g}}_1 $$），(2) 基于候选选择群体中 EBV 的方差（∆ g 2 $$ Delta {mathrm{g}}_2 $$）、和 (3) 基于混合模型方程左侧逆矩阵的对角元素（∆ g 3 $$ Delta {mathrm{g}}_3 $$ ）。被选动物的平均 BV 与候选群体平均 BV 的偏差被视为对选择的真实响应。用于比较的血统信息和表型值由蒙特卡罗计算机模拟生成。结果表明，∆ g 1 $$ Delta {mathrm{g}}_1 $$ 的绝对平均误差最小，∆ g 2 $$ Delta {mathrm{g}}_2 $$ 的均方根误差最小。我们得出结论，使用 ∆ g 1 $ $ （△ {mathrm{g}}_1 $ $ ）或 ∆ g 2 $ $ （△ {mathrm{g}}_2 $ ）来预测基于 BV 的 BLUP 的截断选择反应是可取的。然而，在选择正在进行的群体中，选择响应的预测精度很可能会受到 ∆ g 2 $$ Delta {mathrm{g}}_2 $$ 分布失真和 Bulmer 效应的影响。
{"title":"Prediction of response to truncated selection based on BLUP of breeding values and its prediction accuracy","authors":"Masahiro Satoh","doi":"10.1111/asj.13928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13928","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Three methods of predicting the response to truncated selection based on BLUP of breeding values (BVs) were compared under conditions in which the phenotypic values for the progenies of selected animals were not available. The following methods were used to predict the response to selection: (1) based on the mean of estimated breeding values (EBV) in the candidate population for selection (<math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∆</mo>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ Delta {mathrm{g}}_1 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>), (2) based on the variance of EBV in the candidate population for selection (<math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∆</mo>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ Delta {mathrm{g}}_2 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>), and (3) based on diagonal elements of the inverse matrix on the left-hand side of the mixed model equation (<math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∆</mo>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ Delta {mathrm{g}}_3 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>). The deviation of the average BV of the selected animals from the average BV of the candidate population for selection was taken as the true response to selection. The pedigree information and phenotypic values used for comparison were generated by Monte Carlo computer simulation. The results showed that <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∆</mo>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ Delta {mathrm{g}}_1 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> had the smallest absolute mean error and <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∆</mo>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ Delta {mathrm{g}}_2 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> had the smallest root-mean-square error. We concluded that it is desirable to use <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∆</mo>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mro","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/asj.13928","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139942870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the genetic parameters of major visceral diseases were estimated using the postmortem inspection records of 9057 fattening Japanese Black cattle in Shimane Prefecture, Japan, and the genetic correlation between visceral diseases and carcass traits was analyzed. There were six visceral diseases with a prevalence of 5% or higher, namely, pleurisy, pneumonia, bovine abdominal fat necrosis (BFN), rumenitis, hemorrhagic hepatitis, and perihepatitis. Variance components were estimated using the Gibbs sampling method, and the heritability of the visceral disease ranged from 0.07 to 0.49 for perihepatitis and BFN, respectively. Significant negative genetic correlations were identified between pleurisy and rib thickness (−0.32), BFN and carcass weight (−0.29), and BFN and rib eye area (−0.22). No significant genetic correlation was observed among the visceral diseases. The least squares analysis of variance suggested that some visceral diseases decrease the value of carcass traits. In particular, carcass weight and rib eye area in individuals with BFN were 11.7 kg and 1.87 cm2 lower than those of healthy cattle, respectively. Thus, it was inferred that genetic factors were involved in the visceral diseases of fattening Japanese Black cattle in Shimane Prefecture.
{"title":"Estimation of genetic parameters for visceral diseases of fattening Japanese Black cattle in Shimane Prefecture, Japan","authors":"Ryoichi Nakamura, Makiko Sasaki, Nobutaka Shoji, Masaru Takahashi, Akihiro Watanabe, Kumi Iijima, Kiyotoshi Hasegawa, Kenji Oyama, Hideyuki Mannen","doi":"10.1111/asj.13930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13930","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the genetic parameters of major visceral diseases were estimated using the postmortem inspection records of 9057 fattening Japanese Black cattle in Shimane Prefecture, Japan, and the genetic correlation between visceral diseases and carcass traits was analyzed. There were six visceral diseases with a prevalence of 5% or higher, namely, pleurisy, pneumonia, bovine abdominal fat necrosis (BFN), rumenitis, hemorrhagic hepatitis, and perihepatitis. Variance components were estimated using the Gibbs sampling method, and the heritability of the visceral disease ranged from 0.07 to 0.49 for perihepatitis and BFN, respectively. Significant negative genetic correlations were identified between pleurisy and rib thickness (−0.32), BFN and carcass weight (−0.29), and BFN and rib eye area (−0.22). No significant genetic correlation was observed among the visceral diseases. The least squares analysis of variance suggested that some visceral diseases decrease the value of carcass traits. In particular, carcass weight and rib eye area in individuals with BFN were 11.7 kg and 1.87 cm<sup>2</sup> lower than those of healthy cattle, respectively. Thus, it was inferred that genetic factors were involved in the visceral diseases of fattening Japanese Black cattle in Shimane Prefecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139942872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vitrification is a valuable technology that enables semipermanent preservation and long-distance or international transportation of genetically modified and native animals. In laboratory mice, vitrification maintains and transports embryos, and many institutions and companies sell vitrified embryos. In contrast, despite numerous papers reporting on vitrification in livestock over the past decade, practical implementation has yet to be achieved. However, with advances in genome editing technology, it is anticipated that the number of genetically modified domestic animals will increase, leading to a rise in demand for vitrification of oocytes and embryos. Here, we provide an objective overview of recent advancements in vitrification technology for livestock, drawing a comparison with the current developments in laboratory animals. Additionally, we explore the future prospects for vitrification in livestock, focusing on its potential benefits and drawbacks.
{"title":"Recent advances of oocyte/embryo vitrification in mammals from rodents and large animals","authors":"Maki Kamoshita, Hibiki Sugita, Atsuko Kageyama, Yui Kawata, Junya Ito, Naomi Kashiwazaki","doi":"10.1111/asj.13931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13931","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vitrification is a valuable technology that enables semipermanent preservation and long-distance or international transportation of genetically modified and native animals. In laboratory mice, vitrification maintains and transports embryos, and many institutions and companies sell vitrified embryos. In contrast, despite numerous papers reporting on vitrification in livestock over the past decade, practical implementation has yet to be achieved. However, with advances in genome editing technology, it is anticipated that the number of genetically modified domestic animals will increase, leading to a rise in demand for vitrification of oocytes and embryos. Here, we provide an objective overview of recent advancements in vitrification technology for livestock, drawing a comparison with the current developments in laboratory animals. Additionally, we explore the future prospects for vitrification in livestock, focusing on its potential benefits and drawbacks.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139942873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of calf starters with different starch content on rumen and blood properties in calves fed under a high plane of nutrition program. Twenty-seven Holstein calves (14 female, 13 male) were assigned to one of three starter treatment groups in a randomized block design: high-starch (41.8%) (n = 9), H; medium-starch (31.9%) (n = 9), M; low-starch (22.0%) (n = 9), L. Milk replacer on powder basis was fed up to 1.2 kg/day as fed, gradually reduced from 6 weeks of age; calves were weaned at 8 weeks of age. Each starter (up to 3.5 kg/day as fed) and chopped hay were provided ad libitum from 5 days of age. Blood was collected from 4 to 13 weeks of age. Rumen fluid was collected at 6, 8, 10, and 13 weeks of age. Serum urea nitrogen concentration after weaning was the lowest in H. Plasma IGF-1 concentrations were higher in H than in L. Ruminal pH was not different, but the molar proportion of ruminal propionate was higher in H than in L throughout the study period. In summary, a high-starch starter may increase propionate production and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen, inducing higher plasma IGF-1 concentrations.
{"title":"Effects of starch content of calf starter on rumen properties and blood concentrations of metabolites and hormones in dairy calves under a high plane of milk feeding","authors":"Hitomi Satoh, Rika Fukumori, Ren Kumano, Maho Kamata, Kensuke Shimada, Kenichi Izumi, Shin Oikawa","doi":"10.1111/asj.13927","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asj.13927","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of calf starters with different starch content on rumen and blood properties in calves fed under a high plane of nutrition program. Twenty-seven Holstein calves (14 female, 13 male) were assigned to one of three starter treatment groups in a randomized block design: high-starch (41.8%) (<i>n</i> = 9), H; medium-starch (31.9%) (<i>n</i> = 9), M; low-starch (22.0%) (<i>n</i> = 9), L. Milk replacer on powder basis was fed up to 1.2 kg/day as fed, gradually reduced from 6 weeks of age; calves were weaned at 8 weeks of age. Each starter (up to 3.5 kg/day as fed) and chopped hay were provided ad libitum from 5 days of age. Blood was collected from 4 to 13 weeks of age. Rumen fluid was collected at 6, 8, 10, and 13 weeks of age. Serum urea nitrogen concentration after weaning was the lowest in H. Plasma IGF-1 concentrations were higher in H than in L. Ruminal pH was not different, but the molar proportion of ruminal propionate was higher in H than in L throughout the study period. In summary, a high-starch starter may increase propionate production and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen, inducing higher plasma IGF-1 concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139911903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinkun Sun, Naoki Suzuki, Takahiro Nii, Naoki Isobe
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of milking cessation under different inflammatory conditions on the changes in antimicrobial components in milk and the process of mammary gland involution. Twenty udder halves were divided into two groups: those with (LPS) and without (control) lipopolysaccharide infusion, followed by cessation of milking for 8 weeks. Milk samples were collected weekly. Udder tissue was collected 4 weeks after milking cessation to measure the area of the lobule and connective tissue. After milking cessation, the somatic cell count (SCC) in the control group increased, whereas that in the LPS group did not. Lactoferrin (LF) and cathelicidin (Cath)-2 concentrations increased in both groups, whereas only LF was significantly lower in the LPS group than in the control group at week 4. The Cath-7 and S100A8 concentrations were significantly lower in the LPS group than in the control group. The lobule area was higher, and the connective tissue area was lower in the LPS group than in the control group. These results indicate that inflammation at milking cessation decreased the concentrations of some antimicrobial components and interfered with mammary gland involution. Therefore, animals with mastitis should recover prior to the onset of the dry period.
{"title":"Effect of different inflammation states on the antimicrobial components in milk of goat udders after milking cessation","authors":"Jinkun Sun, Naoki Suzuki, Takahiro Nii, Naoki Isobe","doi":"10.1111/asj.13926","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asj.13926","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study was to examine the effects of milking cessation under different inflammatory conditions on the changes in antimicrobial components in milk and the process of mammary gland involution. Twenty udder halves were divided into two groups: those with (LPS) and without (control) lipopolysaccharide infusion, followed by cessation of milking for 8 weeks. Milk samples were collected weekly. Udder tissue was collected 4 weeks after milking cessation to measure the area of the lobule and connective tissue. After milking cessation, the somatic cell count (SCC) in the control group increased, whereas that in the LPS group did not. Lactoferrin (LF) and cathelicidin (Cath)-2 concentrations increased in both groups, whereas only LF was significantly lower in the LPS group than in the control group at week 4. The Cath-7 and S100A8 concentrations were significantly lower in the LPS group than in the control group. The lobule area was higher, and the connective tissue area was lower in the LPS group than in the control group. These results indicate that inflammation at milking cessation decreased the concentrations of some antimicrobial components and interfered with mammary gland involution. Therefore, animals with mastitis should recover prior to the onset of the dry period.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139721293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamal James D. Manlapig, Suzuna Kawakami, Masaya Matamura, Makoto Kondo, Tomomi Ban-Tokuda, Hiroki Matsui
This study was done to investigate which components of rice bran (RB) are involved in the inhibition of methanogenesis by fractionating the rice bran and adding it to a rumen in vitro culture system. The RB extract obtained using ethanol and water was screened in an in vitro fermentation system. The experimental treatment conditions were as follows: a control group containing a substrate without supplements; substrates with 0.06 g of RB; 0.6 mL of ethanol; 0.6 mL of distilled water (DW); 0.6 mL of ethanol-soluble fraction (ESF); 0.06 g of ethanol-insoluble rice bran (EIRB); 0.6 mL of water-soluble fraction (WSF); and 0.06 g of water-insoluble rice bran (WIRB). Based on the result of the analysis, the addition of ESF significantly decreased CH4 and CH4/g dry matter digested, methanogen population (p < 0.05), while gas and dry matter digestibility (DMD) were comparable with the control group. Total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), and proportion of propionate were reduced, and the proportion of butyrate was increased by the addition of ethanol and ESF (p < 0.05). This result suggests that the supplementation of 10% ESF can substantially reduce methane production in vitro without a negative effect on substrate digestibility.
{"title":"Effect of rice bran extract on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production","authors":"Jamal James D. Manlapig, Suzuna Kawakami, Masaya Matamura, Makoto Kondo, Tomomi Ban-Tokuda, Hiroki Matsui","doi":"10.1111/asj.13923","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asj.13923","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study was done to investigate which components of rice bran (RB) are involved in the inhibition of methanogenesis by fractionating the rice bran and adding it to a rumen in vitro culture system. The RB extract obtained using ethanol and water was screened in an in vitro fermentation system. The experimental treatment conditions were as follows: a control group containing a substrate without supplements; substrates with 0.06 g of RB; 0.6 mL of ethanol; 0.6 mL of distilled water (DW); 0.6 mL of ethanol-soluble fraction (ESF); 0.06 g of ethanol-insoluble rice bran (EIRB); 0.6 mL of water-soluble fraction (WSF); and 0.06 g of water-insoluble rice bran (WIRB). Based on the result of the analysis, the addition of ESF significantly decreased CH<sub>4</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>/g dry matter digested, methanogen population (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while gas and dry matter digestibility (DMD) were comparable with the control group. Total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), and proportion of propionate were reduced, and the proportion of butyrate was increased by the addition of ethanol and ESF (<i>p</i> < 0.05). This result suggests that the supplementation of 10% ESF can substantially reduce methane production in vitro without a negative effect on substrate digestibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/asj.13923","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139711193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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