J. J. Bond, N. J. Hudson, U. H. Khan, H. C. Dougherty, Z. Pickford, S. Mackenzie, S. Barzegar, G. A. Santos, S. Woodgate, P. Vercoe, V. H. Oddy
Context Ruminant livestock industries are seeking to improve efficiency of feed use and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Aims The research aimed to measure variation in feed intake and residual feed intake (RFI) in growing lambs and examine the inter-relationships of related traits and diet effects.Methods In Phase 1, 6-month-old Merino wethers (n=113) were fed a base diet ad libitum for 60days to measure dry matter intake (DMI), liveweight (LWT) and average daily gain (ADG). Whilst being fed the same base diet, measures of body composition (using computer tomography scanning) and methane emissions were collected. For Phase 2, lambs selected for low or high RFI in Phase 1 were randomly assigned to either a low or high diet and fed ad libitum for 30days. They were assessed for intake, growth, body composition and CH4 emissions.Key results In Phase 1 there was significant variation in DMI, which was explained by these traits in order of significance (R2 additive): LWT (R2=63.9%), ADG (R2=70.4%) and fat gain (R2=75.7%). In Phase 2, high RFI lambs had higher metabolisable energy intake (MEI; P<0.05) compared to low RFI lambs. In lambs fed the high diet, intake (DMI and MEI P<0.001), LWT (P<0.05), ADG (P<0.001), fat and lean gain (P<0.001) were higher than in lambs fed the low diet. Daily methane emissions were highest (P<0.05) in high RFI lambs fed the high diet. There were no significant effects of RFI or diet on methane yield (MY; g methane/kgDM). Differences in RFI or RFI adjusted for fat gain did not persist to the end of the 30day feeding period in Phase 2.Conclusions Lambs with low RFI had lower MEI for the same liveweight as well as lower fat and lean gain in the empty bodyweight. They also had lower daily methane emissions compared to those that had high RFI and ate more.Implications The opportunity to select sheep at a young age with lower RFI and lower MEI is of significant production and environmental importance.
{"title":"Phenotypic variation in residual feed intake and relationship with body composition traits and methane emissions in growing wether lambs","authors":"J. J. Bond, N. J. Hudson, U. H. Khan, H. C. Dougherty, Z. Pickford, S. Mackenzie, S. Barzegar, G. A. Santos, S. Woodgate, P. Vercoe, V. H. Oddy","doi":"10.1071/an22425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/an22425","url":null,"abstract":"Context Ruminant livestock industries are seeking to improve efficiency of feed use and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Aims The research aimed to measure variation in feed intake and residual feed intake (RFI) in growing lambs and examine the inter-relationships of related traits and diet effects.Methods In Phase 1, 6-month-old Merino wethers (n=113) were fed a base diet ad libitum for 60days to measure dry matter intake (DMI), liveweight (LWT) and average daily gain (ADG). Whilst being fed the same base diet, measures of body composition (using computer tomography scanning) and methane emissions were collected. For Phase 2, lambs selected for low or high RFI in Phase 1 were randomly assigned to either a low or high diet and fed ad libitum for 30days. They were assessed for intake, growth, body composition and CH4 emissions.Key results In Phase 1 there was significant variation in DMI, which was explained by these traits in order of significance (R2 additive): LWT (R2=63.9%), ADG (R2=70.4%) and fat gain (R2=75.7%). In Phase 2, high RFI lambs had higher metabolisable energy intake (MEI; P<0.05) compared to low RFI lambs. In lambs fed the high diet, intake (DMI and MEI P<0.001), LWT (P<0.05), ADG (P<0.001), fat and lean gain (P<0.001) were higher than in lambs fed the low diet. Daily methane emissions were highest (P<0.05) in high RFI lambs fed the high diet. There were no significant effects of RFI or diet on methane yield (MY; g methane/kgDM). Differences in RFI or RFI adjusted for fat gain did not persist to the end of the 30day feeding period in Phase 2.Conclusions Lambs with low RFI had lower MEI for the same liveweight as well as lower fat and lean gain in the empty bodyweight. They also had lower daily methane emissions compared to those that had high RFI and ate more.Implications The opportunity to select sheep at a young age with lower RFI and lower MEI is of significant production and environmental importance.","PeriodicalId":7895,"journal":{"name":"Animal Production Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135358830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context Follicular development plays an important role in the growth and reproduction of female mammals. Ellagic acid (EA), as a natural antioxidant, has been used in freezing protection of pig semen. However, the effects of EA on immunity and the anti-apoptotic ability of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) are still unclear.Aims The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of different concentrations of EA on the immune and anti-apoptotic ability of ovarian GCs of Guizhou black goats.Methods In this study, different concentrations of EA (0, 50, 100, 150, 200μmol/L) were added to the culture of ovarian GCs in vitro, and Cell-Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) assay, cell wound scratch assay, and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR) assay were used to detect the effects of different concentrations of EA on the proliferation, migration, and reproductive marker genes of ovarian GCs. Then the optimal addition concentration of EA was selected and the effects of EA supplementation on immune factors, cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 gene (CYP19A1), estradiol concentrations, intracellular reactive oxygen species concentrations, and apoptosis-related protein expression were detected by RT–qPCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), ROS, and western blotting on the basis of the optimal addition concentration.Key results The CCK8 test and cell scratch test showed that the addition of EA could significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration ability of ovarian GCs compared with the control group, and a dose effect was observed with the increase in concentration. RT–qPCR results showed that different concentrations of EA significantly increased the expression of genes associated with reproduction, including bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B (BMPR-1B), growth differentiation fFactor 9 (GDF9), and follicle-stimulating hormone β subunit (FSHβ), and the maximum increase was observed at 150μmol/L EA. Further analyses using 150μmol/L EA as the optimal concentration showed significantly increased expressions of CYP19A1, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and superoxide dismutase (SOD2) after EA supplementation, while the expression of IL-8 was significantly decreased compared with those of the control group. ELISA and ROS showed that both intracellular and extracellular estradiol concentrations were higher, while ROS concentrations were significantly lower than those in the control group. Western blotting results showed that 150μmol/L EA significantly decreased the expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 and the ratio of BCL2-associated X:B-cell lymphoma-2.Conclusions The supplementation of 150μmol/L EA had significant effects on improving GC immunity and delaying GC apoptosis in goats. The addition of EA also increased the expression of BMP15, BMPR-1B, GDF9, FSHβ, and CYP19A1 and promoted the secretion of estradiol in GCs.Implications These results provided a preliminary lead for further re
{"title":"Addition of ellagic acid improved the immune ability and delayed the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells of Guizhou black goat","authors":"Xiaoyan Wen, Mingshuai Zhou, Qingmei Lu, Bin Liu, Xiaoli Shi, Jiafu Zhao","doi":"10.1071/an23310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/an23310","url":null,"abstract":"Context Follicular development plays an important role in the growth and reproduction of female mammals. Ellagic acid (EA), as a natural antioxidant, has been used in freezing protection of pig semen. However, the effects of EA on immunity and the anti-apoptotic ability of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) are still unclear.Aims The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of different concentrations of EA on the immune and anti-apoptotic ability of ovarian GCs of Guizhou black goats.Methods In this study, different concentrations of EA (0, 50, 100, 150, 200μmol/L) were added to the culture of ovarian GCs in vitro, and Cell-Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) assay, cell wound scratch assay, and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR) assay were used to detect the effects of different concentrations of EA on the proliferation, migration, and reproductive marker genes of ovarian GCs. Then the optimal addition concentration of EA was selected and the effects of EA supplementation on immune factors, cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 gene (CYP19A1), estradiol concentrations, intracellular reactive oxygen species concentrations, and apoptosis-related protein expression were detected by RT–qPCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), ROS, and western blotting on the basis of the optimal addition concentration.Key results The CCK8 test and cell scratch test showed that the addition of EA could significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration ability of ovarian GCs compared with the control group, and a dose effect was observed with the increase in concentration. RT–qPCR results showed that different concentrations of EA significantly increased the expression of genes associated with reproduction, including bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B (BMPR-1B), growth differentiation fFactor 9 (GDF9), and follicle-stimulating hormone β subunit (FSHβ), and the maximum increase was observed at 150μmol/L EA. Further analyses using 150μmol/L EA as the optimal concentration showed significantly increased expressions of CYP19A1, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and superoxide dismutase (SOD2) after EA supplementation, while the expression of IL-8 was significantly decreased compared with those of the control group. ELISA and ROS showed that both intracellular and extracellular estradiol concentrations were higher, while ROS concentrations were significantly lower than those in the control group. Western blotting results showed that 150μmol/L EA significantly decreased the expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 and the ratio of BCL2-associated X:B-cell lymphoma-2.Conclusions The supplementation of 150μmol/L EA had significant effects on improving GC immunity and delaying GC apoptosis in goats. The addition of EA also increased the expression of BMP15, BMPR-1B, GDF9, FSHβ, and CYP19A1 and promoted the secretion of estradiol in GCs.Implications These results provided a preliminary lead for further re","PeriodicalId":7895,"journal":{"name":"Animal Production Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135445405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. G. Ribeiro, C. B. V. Rabello, M. J. B. Santos, J. C. S. Nascimento, D. A. Silva, E. S. R. Soares, H. E. C. C. C. Manso, W. R. L. Medeiros-Ventura, R. V. Silva Junior, M. A. Siqueira, S. P. R. Silva
Context Currently, since the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animals has been banned worldwide, it is necessary to use other additives that indorse an adequate balance of the intestinal microbiota, so as to render better results in nutrient acquisitionand health of poultry, yielding adequate growth and performance.Aim The study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with symbiotics during the grower phase, to replace bacitracin zinc.Methods The experiment included a total of 684 pullets of the Dekalb White strain, from 6 to 15weeks of age, distributed in a completely randomised design, with five treatments, and eight replications of 18 birds each. The treatments were composed of two base diets, namely one of corn and soybean meal (reference diet, RD), and another of meat and bone meal (MBM), in addition to two more diets based on MBM, one with an addition of 0.05% of bacitracin zinc (Bac Zn), and the other with 0.1% of symbiotic provided to two groups, including one group that had already consumed the symbiotic since the first day of life (starter phase, Symb-S), and the other that started to consume at the beginning of the experiment (grower phase, Symb-G). Performance, blood variables, nutrient metabolisability, weights of organs of the immune and digestive system, and measurement of length (intestine and caecum) were determined. Data were compared using orthogonal contrast.Key results The birds fed with the RD diet presented a worse overall performance and coefficients of apparent metabolisability of dry matter (CAMDM) (6–10weeks) than did those fed the MBM diet. Birds fed with the Bac Zn diet showed better bodyweight gain (6–15weeks), coefficients of apparent metabolisability of gross energy (CAMGE) and CAMDM (6–10weeks) than did those fed the MBM diet. Birds fed with symbiotic diets had better responses in blood biochemistry variables (alkaline phosphatase, total proteins) than did those fed the Bac Zn diet.Conclusion The use of symbiotics since the starter and grower phase can replace the use of Bac Zn, without affecting the biochemical and metabolic responses of the pullets.Implications Symbiotics improved utilisation of diet nutrients, maintenance of physiological homeostasis, and growth of pullets.
{"title":"Replacing bacitracin zinc antibiotic with symbiotic additive in pullet diet","authors":"A. G. Ribeiro, C. B. V. Rabello, M. J. B. Santos, J. C. S. Nascimento, D. A. Silva, E. S. R. Soares, H. E. C. C. C. Manso, W. R. L. Medeiros-Ventura, R. V. Silva Junior, M. A. Siqueira, S. P. R. Silva","doi":"10.1071/an23299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/an23299","url":null,"abstract":"Context Currently, since the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animals has been banned worldwide, it is necessary to use other additives that indorse an adequate balance of the intestinal microbiota, so as to render better results in nutrient acquisitionand health of poultry, yielding adequate growth and performance.Aim The study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with symbiotics during the grower phase, to replace bacitracin zinc.Methods The experiment included a total of 684 pullets of the Dekalb White strain, from 6 to 15weeks of age, distributed in a completely randomised design, with five treatments, and eight replications of 18 birds each. The treatments were composed of two base diets, namely one of corn and soybean meal (reference diet, RD), and another of meat and bone meal (MBM), in addition to two more diets based on MBM, one with an addition of 0.05% of bacitracin zinc (Bac Zn), and the other with 0.1% of symbiotic provided to two groups, including one group that had already consumed the symbiotic since the first day of life (starter phase, Symb-S), and the other that started to consume at the beginning of the experiment (grower phase, Symb-G). Performance, blood variables, nutrient metabolisability, weights of organs of the immune and digestive system, and measurement of length (intestine and caecum) were determined. Data were compared using orthogonal contrast.Key results The birds fed with the RD diet presented a worse overall performance and coefficients of apparent metabolisability of dry matter (CAMDM) (6–10weeks) than did those fed the MBM diet. Birds fed with the Bac Zn diet showed better bodyweight gain (6–15weeks), coefficients of apparent metabolisability of gross energy (CAMGE) and CAMDM (6–10weeks) than did those fed the MBM diet. Birds fed with symbiotic diets had better responses in blood biochemistry variables (alkaline phosphatase, total proteins) than did those fed the Bac Zn diet.Conclusion The use of symbiotics since the starter and grower phase can replace the use of Bac Zn, without affecting the biochemical and metabolic responses of the pullets.Implications Symbiotics improved utilisation of diet nutrients, maintenance of physiological homeostasis, and growth of pullets.","PeriodicalId":7895,"journal":{"name":"Animal Production Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135212206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context Leucine (Leu) is one of the branched-chain amino acids that is necessary for muscle protein synthesis. Basically, poultry feed ingredients contain abundant amounts of Leu. But little is known about dietary Leu deficiency in performance and health-attributing parameters of female broiler chickens, which may occur in crude protein-restricted diets.Aims This study evaluates the effect of Leu deficiency in diets on the growth performance, body composition, immunity, and caecum microbiota of female broilers.Methods Female broiler chicks (Cobb 500; 8days old; n=540) were randomly divided into six groups with six replicates (15 birds in each replicate) in a completely randomised design. The experimental diets included six concentrations of Leu (80%, 84%, 88%, 92%, 96%, and 100%) fed for 14days. A basal Leu-deficient diet was formulated at the 80% recommended level, and the experimental diets were created by gradual replacing of crystalline L-glutamic acid with crystalline L-Leu. Average daily intake (ADI), average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (gain:feed), body composition, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) test to phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), antibody response to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) and caecum microbiota were investigated.Key results The birds receiving the lowest Leu application level had the lowest ADI (P<0.05) and a 20% higher fat content (P<0.01) than did the birds fed 96% Leu. The population of Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria count was increased (P<0.001; by 36% and 10.3% compared with the birds fed 100% Leu in the diet respectively), and Lactobacillus (but not Enterococcus) count was decreased (P<0.001; by 26.4% compared with the birds fed 100% Leu in the diet) with decreasing concentrations of dietary Leu. Average daily gain, feed efficiency, carcass dry matter, protein and ash percentages, and immunity were not affected markedly by dietary treatments with different Leu concentrations.Conclusions The Leu deficiency influenced the broiler performance, body composition, and caecum microbiota, but not the immune response.Implications This study points to the importance of Leu supplementation in the diet of broilers to improve their growth performance, fat content, and intestine health.
亮氨酸(Leucine, Leu)是一种支链氨基酸，是肌肉蛋白质合成所必需的。禽类饲料原料中基本上含有大量的亮氨酸，但饲粮中亮氨酸缺乏对母鸡生产性能和健康指标的影响尚不清楚，这可能发生在粗蛋白质限制饲粮中。目的研究饲粮中缺乏亮氨酸对雌性肉仔鸡生长性能、体成分、免疫力和盲肠微生物群的影响。方法雌性肉鸡(Cobb 500;8天;采用完全随机设计，将540只鸡随机分为6组，每组6个重复，每个重复15只。试验饲粮的亮氨酸浓度分别为80%、84%、88%、92%、96%和100%，饲喂14d。以80%推荐水平配制基础缺亮氨酸饲粮，逐步用结晶l -亮氨酸替代结晶l -谷氨酸。研究平均日采食量(ADI)、平均日增重(ADG)、饲料效率(增重:饲料)、体组成、对植物血凝素- p (PHA-P)的皮肤嗜碱性粒细胞超敏反应(CBH)、对绵羊红细胞(SRBC)的抗体反应和盲肠微生物群的反应。结果低亮氨酸水平饲粮的ADI最低(P<0.05)，脂肪含量比96%亮氨酸水平饲粮的高20% (P<0.01)，大肠杆菌和大肠菌群数量显著增加(P<0.001);与100%亮氨酸饲粮相比分别减少了36%和10.3%)，乳酸菌(未见肠球菌)数量减少(P<0.001);不同亮氨酸浓度对平均日增重、饲料效率、胴体干物质、蛋白质和灰分率及免疫力均无显著影响。结论亮氨酸缺乏影响肉鸡生产性能、体成分和盲肠微生物群，但不影响免疫反应。本研究指出了在肉鸡饲粮中添加亮氨酸对改善肉鸡生长性能、脂肪含量和肠道健康的重要性。
{"title":"Dietary leucine deficiency alters performance, body composition, intestine microbiota, and immune response of female Cobb broilers","authors":"Saeid Amirdahri, Hossein Janmohammadi, Akbar Taghizadeh, Majid Olyayee, Babak Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad, Alireza Seidavi, Radoslava Vlčková","doi":"10.1071/an23100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/an23100","url":null,"abstract":"Context Leucine (Leu) is one of the branched-chain amino acids that is necessary for muscle protein synthesis. Basically, poultry feed ingredients contain abundant amounts of Leu. But little is known about dietary Leu deficiency in performance and health-attributing parameters of female broiler chickens, which may occur in crude protein-restricted diets.Aims This study evaluates the effect of Leu deficiency in diets on the growth performance, body composition, immunity, and caecum microbiota of female broilers.Methods Female broiler chicks (Cobb 500; 8days old; n=540) were randomly divided into six groups with six replicates (15 birds in each replicate) in a completely randomised design. The experimental diets included six concentrations of Leu (80%, 84%, 88%, 92%, 96%, and 100%) fed for 14days. A basal Leu-deficient diet was formulated at the 80% recommended level, and the experimental diets were created by gradual replacing of crystalline L-glutamic acid with crystalline L-Leu. Average daily intake (ADI), average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (gain:feed), body composition, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) test to phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), antibody response to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) and caecum microbiota were investigated.Key results The birds receiving the lowest Leu application level had the lowest ADI (P<0.05) and a 20% higher fat content (P<0.01) than did the birds fed 96% Leu. The population of Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria count was increased (P<0.001; by 36% and 10.3% compared with the birds fed 100% Leu in the diet respectively), and Lactobacillus (but not Enterococcus) count was decreased (P<0.001; by 26.4% compared with the birds fed 100% Leu in the diet) with decreasing concentrations of dietary Leu. Average daily gain, feed efficiency, carcass dry matter, protein and ash percentages, and immunity were not affected markedly by dietary treatments with different Leu concentrations.Conclusions The Leu deficiency influenced the broiler performance, body composition, and caecum microbiota, but not the immune response.Implications This study points to the importance of Leu supplementation in the diet of broilers to improve their growth performance, fat content, and intestine health.","PeriodicalId":7895,"journal":{"name":"Animal Production Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135749942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context The applicability of hormones in the prediction of meat production in non-ruminant species has been poorly examined.Aims To examine the applicability of plasma concentrations of leptin, estradiol, progesterone and insulin-like growth-factor I (IGF-I) for characterisation and early prediction of the production and quality of meat in gilts.Methods Animals were compared at 150days of age with below (‘low’) and above (‘high’) median hormone concentrations and their traits of meat production and quality at the age of 200days.Key results Animals with a high leptin concentration in blood at the age of 150days had higher slaughter and carcass weights and weight of ham, but a lower lean meat content at the age of 200days, than did the gilts with a low leptin concentration. Animals with a high estradiol concentration had a higher carcass weight, weight of ham and backfat thickness and a lower electrical conductivity of musculus semimembranosus than did animals with a low estradiol concentration. High blood IGF-I concentration was associated with a higher slaughter weight, carcass weight and lean meat content. No significant differences between the animals with ‘high’ and ‘low’ progesterone concentration and meat characteristics have been found.Conclusions These observations confirm the involvement of leptin, IGF-I and estradiol in up-regulation of meat production in pigs. Furthermore, they suggest that leptin can be useful for characterisation and prediction of fat production, whereas IGF-I and estradiol (but not progesterone) could be both markers and predictors of porcine growth and meat production.Implications The blood concentrations of these hormones could help in characterisation and selection of pigs for meat production.
{"title":"Blood hormone concentrations as markers and predictors of porcine meat production and quality?","authors":"A. V. Sirotkin, P. Demo","doi":"10.1071/an23116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/an23116","url":null,"abstract":"Context The applicability of hormones in the prediction of meat production in non-ruminant species has been poorly examined.Aims To examine the applicability of plasma concentrations of leptin, estradiol, progesterone and insulin-like growth-factor I (IGF-I) for characterisation and early prediction of the production and quality of meat in gilts.Methods Animals were compared at 150days of age with below (‘low’) and above (‘high’) median hormone concentrations and their traits of meat production and quality at the age of 200days.Key results Animals with a high leptin concentration in blood at the age of 150days had higher slaughter and carcass weights and weight of ham, but a lower lean meat content at the age of 200days, than did the gilts with a low leptin concentration. Animals with a high estradiol concentration had a higher carcass weight, weight of ham and backfat thickness and a lower electrical conductivity of musculus semimembranosus than did animals with a low estradiol concentration. High blood IGF-I concentration was associated with a higher slaughter weight, carcass weight and lean meat content. No significant differences between the animals with ‘high’ and ‘low’ progesterone concentration and meat characteristics have been found.Conclusions These observations confirm the involvement of leptin, IGF-I and estradiol in up-regulation of meat production in pigs. Furthermore, they suggest that leptin can be useful for characterisation and prediction of fat production, whereas IGF-I and estradiol (but not progesterone) could be both markers and predictors of porcine growth and meat production.Implications The blood concentrations of these hormones could help in characterisation and selection of pigs for meat production.","PeriodicalId":7895,"journal":{"name":"Animal Production Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135759579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Terezinha T. de Souza, Ana C. S. Vicente, Marcos V. C. Ferraz Junior, Rhaíssa G. de Assis, Thamires U. Sturion, Matheus S. P. Carlis, Ancelmo R. Cunha, Taylon A. S. da Silva, Daniel M. Polizel, Jamile H. Comelli, Janaina S. Biava, Alexandre V. Pires, Evandro M. Ferreira
{"title":"Age at weaning of lambs raised in an intensive production system","authors":"Terezinha T. de Souza, Ana C. S. Vicente, Marcos V. C. Ferraz Junior, Rhaíssa G. de Assis, Thamires U. Sturion, Matheus S. P. Carlis, Ancelmo R. Cunha, Taylon A. S. da Silva, Daniel M. Polizel, Jamile H. Comelli, Janaina S. Biava, Alexandre V. Pires, Evandro M. Ferreira","doi":"10.1071/an23213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/an23213","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7895,"journal":{"name":"Animal Production Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context Although numerous studies have investigated the regulation of estrogen (E2) on the female reproductive system, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the specific genes and pathways involved in E2 regulation of the uterus and breast.Aims The aim of this study was to explore the shared genes and pathways involved in estrogen regulation of the uterus and mammary gland, which could provide a theoretical basis for disease treatment.Methods Bioinformatics analysis was employed to identify potential genes and pathways associated with E2 regulation of the uterus and breast.Key results The analysis revealed 233 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in datasets GSE89321 and GSE95783 (adjusted-P<0.05). Additionally, five KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways were identified: Glutathione Metabolism Pathway, Chagas Disease Pathway, Leishmaniasis Pathway, Complement and Coagulation Cascades Pathway, and p53 Signalling Pathway. A protein interaction network was constructed, and 10 hub genes (Alb, Il1a, Serpine1, Timp1, Ccl11, Fos, Krt19, Krt7, Lcn2, and C3) were selected, with Alb being the highest scoring hub gene. The study also predicted the association of Mo-mir-200a-5p and Mo-Mir-200a-3p with Alb and Krt19. Furthermore, 28 DEGs were identified in E2 regulation of the mammary gland, encompassing pathways such as Acute Myeloid Leukemia, ErbB Signalling Pathway, Th1 and Th2 Cell Differentiation, Th17 Cell Differentiation, and Transcriptional Misregulation in Cancer. Hub genes in the mammary gland included Pgr, Gata3, Areg, Prom1, Stat5a, Cldn4, Greb1, Tfap2c, Pdk4, and Mb. Prom1, Prom2, Fam84a, and Padi2 were found to be common DEGs in E2 regulation of both the uterus and mammary gland.Conclusions The findings of this study, together with functional annotation and pathway analysis, suggest that Alb serves as a marker protein in E2 regulation of uterus development. Additionally, Prom1, Prom2, Fam84a, and Padi2 are identified as common DEGs involved in E2 regulation of both the uterus and mammary gland.Implications This study provides comprehensive omics data to elucidate the mechanisms underlying estrogen regulation of the uterus and mammary gland, opening up new research directions for disease treatment.
{"title":"The comparison of potential key genes on rat uterus and mammary gland regulated by estradiol","authors":"Jian Zhang, Yan Cui","doi":"10.1071/an23320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/an23320","url":null,"abstract":"Context Although numerous studies have investigated the regulation of estrogen (E2) on the female reproductive system, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the specific genes and pathways involved in E2 regulation of the uterus and breast.Aims The aim of this study was to explore the shared genes and pathways involved in estrogen regulation of the uterus and mammary gland, which could provide a theoretical basis for disease treatment.Methods Bioinformatics analysis was employed to identify potential genes and pathways associated with E2 regulation of the uterus and breast.Key results The analysis revealed 233 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in datasets GSE89321 and GSE95783 (adjusted-P<0.05). Additionally, five KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways were identified: Glutathione Metabolism Pathway, Chagas Disease Pathway, Leishmaniasis Pathway, Complement and Coagulation Cascades Pathway, and p53 Signalling Pathway. A protein interaction network was constructed, and 10 hub genes (Alb, Il1a, Serpine1, Timp1, Ccl11, Fos, Krt19, Krt7, Lcn2, and C3) were selected, with Alb being the highest scoring hub gene. The study also predicted the association of Mo-mir-200a-5p and Mo-Mir-200a-3p with Alb and Krt19. Furthermore, 28 DEGs were identified in E2 regulation of the mammary gland, encompassing pathways such as Acute Myeloid Leukemia, ErbB Signalling Pathway, Th1 and Th2 Cell Differentiation, Th17 Cell Differentiation, and Transcriptional Misregulation in Cancer. Hub genes in the mammary gland included Pgr, Gata3, Areg, Prom1, Stat5a, Cldn4, Greb1, Tfap2c, Pdk4, and Mb. Prom1, Prom2, Fam84a, and Padi2 were found to be common DEGs in E2 regulation of both the uterus and mammary gland.Conclusions The findings of this study, together with functional annotation and pathway analysis, suggest that Alb serves as a marker protein in E2 regulation of uterus development. Additionally, Prom1, Prom2, Fam84a, and Padi2 are identified as common DEGs involved in E2 regulation of both the uterus and mammary gland.Implications This study provides comprehensive omics data to elucidate the mechanisms underlying estrogen regulation of the uterus and mammary gland, opening up new research directions for disease treatment.","PeriodicalId":7895,"journal":{"name":"Animal Production Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135559494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Valéria de Oliveira Santos, Andréia Maria da Silva, Leonardo Vitorino Costa de Aquino, Lhara Ricarliany Medeiros de Oliveira, João Batista Freire de Souza-Junior, Moacir Franco de Oliveira, Alexandre Rodrigues Silva, Alexsandra Fernandes Pereira
{"title":"Effects of capacitating media and incubation time on collared peccary sperm quality, acrosome reaction, and binding ability","authors":"Maria Valéria de Oliveira Santos, Andréia Maria da Silva, Leonardo Vitorino Costa de Aquino, Lhara Ricarliany Medeiros de Oliveira, João Batista Freire de Souza-Junior, Moacir Franco de Oliveira, Alexandre Rodrigues Silva, Alexsandra Fernandes Pereira","doi":"10.1071/an23225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/an23225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7895,"journal":{"name":"Animal Production Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134981171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context Studies have widely reported that a vitamin D3 metabolite 25OHD3 improves the growth performance of animals and offspring, but few studies have focused on offspring sex hormone secretion and gonadal development in the offspring.Aims This study focused on the effects of gestational feeding with 25OHD3 on the growth, serum calcium (Ca2+) and phosphorus (Pi) concentrations, and ovarian and testicular development in offspring.Methods From the beginning of gestation until the end of labour, maternal mice were gavaged daily with 25ug of 25OHD3. We weighed offspring on Days 1, 10, and 21 postnatally and collected offspring serum and gonadal samples on Day 21.Key results The results showed that 25OHD3 significantly increased maternal serum Ca2+ and Pi concentrations, and increased the growth rate and serum Ca2+ and Pi concentrations of offspring, significantly increased the serum concentrations of luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and accelerated the follicle development in the female offspring. Male offspring showed significantly increased LH, FSH, and testosterone serum concentrations, and 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD mRNA expressions, and a significantly decreased CYP17A1 mRNA expression.Conclusions In conclusion, the present findings indicated that maternal feeding with 25OHD3 during pregnancy positively affects offspring hormone secretion and gonadal development.Implications These insights have shed light on the potential significance of maternal nutrition in ensuring healthier animal populations and offer valuable considerations for animal husbandry practices.
{"title":"Effect of maternal dietary 25OHD3 on the gonadal development of offspring mice","authors":"Yun Chen, Wenjing Song, Danni Liao, Jiaxuan Li, Yanghao Huang","doi":"10.1071/an23262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/an23262","url":null,"abstract":"Context Studies have widely reported that a vitamin D3 metabolite 25OHD3 improves the growth performance of animals and offspring, but few studies have focused on offspring sex hormone secretion and gonadal development in the offspring.Aims This study focused on the effects of gestational feeding with 25OHD3 on the growth, serum calcium (Ca2+) and phosphorus (Pi) concentrations, and ovarian and testicular development in offspring.Methods From the beginning of gestation until the end of labour, maternal mice were gavaged daily with 25ug of 25OHD3. We weighed offspring on Days 1, 10, and 21 postnatally and collected offspring serum and gonadal samples on Day 21.Key results The results showed that 25OHD3 significantly increased maternal serum Ca2+ and Pi concentrations, and increased the growth rate and serum Ca2+ and Pi concentrations of offspring, significantly increased the serum concentrations of luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and accelerated the follicle development in the female offspring. Male offspring showed significantly increased LH, FSH, and testosterone serum concentrations, and 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD mRNA expressions, and a significantly decreased CYP17A1 mRNA expression.Conclusions In conclusion, the present findings indicated that maternal feeding with 25OHD3 during pregnancy positively affects offspring hormone secretion and gonadal development.Implications These insights have shed light on the potential significance of maternal nutrition in ensuring healthier animal populations and offer valuable considerations for animal husbandry practices.","PeriodicalId":7895,"journal":{"name":"Animal Production Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135843514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David O. Kleemann, Simon K. Walker, Jennifer M. Kelly, Raul W. Ponzoni
Context Reproductive efficiency in ewes can vary widely depending on their fertility (pregnancy rate) and fecundity (litter size) and on their ability to rear multiple litters. Litter size and sex are important factors that contribute to lamb mortality, and hence reproductive efficiency. However, little is known about their interaction when fetuses of either sex grow in utero as co-twins, nor the impact that this interaction has on subsequent performance in domestic flocks.Aims and methods We examined the effect of type of birth (single, twin) and of sex of co-twin (F, F[F], F[M], M, M[M], M[F] where the symbol within brackets indicates sex of co-twin) on birth weight, survival to weaning, weaning and hogget liveweights and scrotal circumference. In addition, reproductive performance (fertility, fecundity, lamb survival, weaning rate) of female progeny was examined as well as the performance of their lambs (birth and weaning weight). This large-scale study (>13 000 lambing observations) was conducted with Australian Merino sheep from four studs, mated over nine annual cycles.Key results Sex of co-twin had no effect on birth weight and on later stages of growth. Sex of co-twin altered survival, with fewer of the M[M] class surviving to weaning compared with other co-twin classes (P<0.05). Scrotal circumference did not vary between the male classes. Although reproductive performance (fecundity, lamb survival, weaning rate) was greater in ewes twin to a male (F[M]) than in single females (F) (P<0.05), this difference could be due to greater genetic merit of twin versus single-born progeny.Conclusions Reproductive performance of females with a male co-twin exceeded that of single females; the difference could be due to greater genetic merit of twin-born ewes rather than a direct effect of in utero environment. There was no difference between females with a male co-twin and females with a co-twin of the same sex. Reproductive capacity of males was not affected by co-twin class or type of birth.Implications These results suggest that an increase in twinning rate by managerial or genetic means will not result in undesirable side effects due to sex of co-twin in utero.
母羊的繁殖效率取决于它们的生育力(怀孕率)和繁殖力(产仔数)以及它们养育多窝的能力。产仔数和性别是影响羔羊死亡率和繁殖效率的重要因素。然而，当任何性别的胎儿在子宫内成长为双胞胎时，它们之间的相互作用知之甚少，也不知道这种相互作用对家禽群随后的表现有什么影响。目的和方法我们研究了出生类型(单、双)和同卵双胞胎性别(F, F[F]， F[M]， M, M[M]， M[F]，括号内的符号表示同卵双胞胎性别)对出生体重、断奶存活率、断奶仔猪活重和阴囊围的影响。此外，还检测了母羊后代的生殖性能(生育力、繁殖力、羔羊存活率、断奶率)及其羔羊的生产性能(出生重和断奶重)。这项大规模研究(> 13000只羔羊观察)是用澳大利亚美利奴羊进行的，来自四个种马，交配时间为9年。主要结果:同卵双胞胎的性别对出生体重和后期生长没有影响。同卵双胞胎的性别改变了它们的存活率，与其他同卵双胞胎类别相比，M[M]类存活到断奶的数量较少(P<0.05)。阴囊周长在男性班级之间没有变化。虽然双胎母羊(F[M])的繁殖性能(繁殖力、羔羊存活率、断奶率)高于单胎母羊(F) (P<0.05)，但这种差异可能是由于双胎母羊比单胎母羊的遗传优势更大。结论同卵双生雌鼠的生殖能力优于单卵双生雌鼠;这种差异可能是由于双胞胎出生的母羊有更大的遗传优势，而不是子宫环境的直接影响。有男性双胞胎的女性和有同性双胞胎的女性之间没有差异。男性的生殖能力不受同卵双生的阶级或出生类型的影响。这些结果表明，通过管理或遗传手段增加双胞胎率不会由于子宫内同卵双胞胎的性别而导致不良副作用。
{"title":"Sex of co-twin in utero environment does not alter reproductive fitness of Australian Merino sheep","authors":"David O. Kleemann, Simon K. Walker, Jennifer M. Kelly, Raul W. Ponzoni","doi":"10.1071/an22357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/an22357","url":null,"abstract":"Context Reproductive efficiency in ewes can vary widely depending on their fertility (pregnancy rate) and fecundity (litter size) and on their ability to rear multiple litters. Litter size and sex are important factors that contribute to lamb mortality, and hence reproductive efficiency. However, little is known about their interaction when fetuses of either sex grow in utero as co-twins, nor the impact that this interaction has on subsequent performance in domestic flocks.Aims and methods We examined the effect of type of birth (single, twin) and of sex of co-twin (F, F[F], F[M], M, M[M], M[F] where the symbol within brackets indicates sex of co-twin) on birth weight, survival to weaning, weaning and hogget liveweights and scrotal circumference. In addition, reproductive performance (fertility, fecundity, lamb survival, weaning rate) of female progeny was examined as well as the performance of their lambs (birth and weaning weight). This large-scale study (>13 000 lambing observations) was conducted with Australian Merino sheep from four studs, mated over nine annual cycles.Key results Sex of co-twin had no effect on birth weight and on later stages of growth. Sex of co-twin altered survival, with fewer of the M[M] class surviving to weaning compared with other co-twin classes (P<0.05). Scrotal circumference did not vary between the male classes. Although reproductive performance (fecundity, lamb survival, weaning rate) was greater in ewes twin to a male (F[M]) than in single females (F) (P<0.05), this difference could be due to greater genetic merit of twin versus single-born progeny.Conclusions Reproductive performance of females with a male co-twin exceeded that of single females; the difference could be due to greater genetic merit of twin-born ewes rather than a direct effect of in utero environment. There was no difference between females with a male co-twin and females with a co-twin of the same sex. Reproductive capacity of males was not affected by co-twin class or type of birth.Implications These results suggest that an increase in twinning rate by managerial or genetic means will not result in undesirable side effects due to sex of co-twin in utero.","PeriodicalId":7895,"journal":{"name":"Animal Production Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135318850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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