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Applications of Geospatial Mapping in the Assessment of Environmental Risk Factors for Dementia 地理空间制图在痴呆症环境风险因素评估中的应用
IF 1.5 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231222322
Aishwarya I Hiremath, Sumedha Mitra, Pooja Rai, Shafeeq K. Shahul, Abhishek M. Menesgere, T. Issac, Jonas S. Sundarakumar
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引用次数: 0
Anti-epileptic Drugs Use and Increased Risk of Stroke: A Systematic Review 抗癫痫药物的使用与中风风险的增加:系统回顾
IF 1.5 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231211685
Bikram Prasad Gajurel, S. Kharel, Riwaj Bhagat, R. Ghimire, Kiran Bhusal, Divas Rijal
Background: Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), the predominant treatment for epilepsy, are also utilised for migraine, neuropathic pain, and bipolar disorders, accounting for 1% of usage among the common population. There is a greater risk of stroke, heart attack, and arrhythmia among AED users particularly those with enzyme-inducing properties. Summary: This systematic review aimed to look into the ischemic stroke risk among AED users, particularly in patients who had never had a cerebrovascular accident before. English-language literature was searched in the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar between 2000 and 2021. Studies should report the association between AEDs and the ischemic stroke risk. The outcomes for assessing efficacy and safety were: event ratio, hazard ratio, odds ratio, and risk ratio. Seven of the eight studies showed an increased risk of ischemic stroke associated with AEDs among individuals without a history of cardiovascular accidents Phenytoin, sodium valproate, oxcarbamazepine, levetiracetam, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine were all linked to an increased risk of stroke. Adequate data on the association between the duration of AED exposure and stroke was missing. Key message: Not all AEDs are enzyme inducers. We conclude significant stroke risk with AEDs (mainly enzyme inducers), and dose dependency need to be assessed. The risks and benefits of AEDs should be weighed among the patients, especially with vascular risk factors to limit the risk of ischemic stroke.
背景:抗癫痫药物(AEDs)是治疗癫痫的主要药物,也用于治疗偏头痛、神经性疼痛和双相情感障碍,占普通人群用药量的 1%。AED使用者中风、心脏病发作和心律失常的风险较高,尤其是具有酶诱导特性的AED。摘要:本系统综述旨在研究 AED 使用者的缺血性中风风险,尤其是从未发生过脑血管意外的患者。在 PubMed、EMBASE 和 Google Scholar 等数据库中检索了 2000 年至 2021 年间的英文文献。研究应报告 AEDs 与缺血性中风风险之间的关系。疗效和安全性的评估结果包括:事件比、危险比、几率比和风险比。八项研究中有七项显示,在无心血管意外史的患者中,AEDs 与缺血性中风相关的风险增加 苯妥英、丙戊酸钠、奥卡西平、左乙拉西坦、苯巴比妥和卡马西平均与中风风险增加有关。关于 AED 暴露持续时间与中风之间关系的充足数据尚缺。关键信息:并非所有 AED 都是酶诱导剂。我们得出的结论是,AEDs(主要是酶诱导剂)具有明显的中风风险,需要对其剂量依赖性进行评估。患者应权衡 AEDs 的风险和益处,尤其是有血管风险因素的患者,以限制缺血性中风的风险。
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引用次数: 0
The Effects of Physical Activity on Experimental Models of Vascular Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 体育锻炼对血管性痴呆实验模型的影响:系统回顾与元分析
IF 1.5 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231192759
I. Biose, W. H. Chastain, Rebecca Solch-Ottaiano, Viktoriya S. Grayson, Hanyun Wang, Somdeb Banerjee, Gregory Bix
Background: Physical activity is associated with improved brain health and cognition in humans. However, the validity, range, and quality of evidence for the beneficial outcomes linked to exercise in experimental models of vascular dementia (VaD) have not been evaluated. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that assessed the effect of exercise intervention on models of VaD to provide an unbiased and comprehensive determination of the cognitive function and brain morphology benefits of exercise. Summary: A systematic search in three databases as well as study design characteristics and experimental data extraction were completed in December 2021. We investigated the effects of exercise on cognitive function and brain-morphology outcomes in VaD models. Twenty-five studies were included for systematic review, while 21 studies were included in the meta-analysis. These studies included seven models of VaD in rats (60%, 15 studies), mice (36%, 9 studies), and pigs (4%, 1 study). None of the included studies used aged animals, and the majority of studies (80%) used only male animals. Key Message: Exercise improves cognition but increased neuro-inflammation in VaD models. Exercise improved cognitive function as well as some markers of brain morphology in models of VaD. However, exercise increased anxiety and neuro-inflammatory signals in VaD models. Further, we observed increased reporting anomalies such as a lack of blinding to group treatment or data analysis and randomization of animals to groups. Our report could help in the appropriate design of experimental studies seeking to investigate the effects of exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention on VaD models with a high translational impact.
背景:体育锻炼与人类大脑健康和认知能力的改善有关。然而,在血管性痴呆(VaD)的实验模型中,与运动相关的有益结果的有效性、范围和证据质量尚未得到评估。我们对评估运动干预对血管性痴呆模型影响的研究进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析,以便对运动对认知功能和大脑形态学的益处做出公正、全面的判断。摘要:我们于 2021 年 12 月完成了对三个数据库的系统检索以及研究设计特征和实验数据提取。我们研究了运动对 VaD 模型认知功能和脑形态结果的影响。系统回顾纳入了 25 项研究,荟萃分析纳入了 21 项研究。这些研究包括大鼠(60%,15 项研究)、小鼠(36%,9 项研究)和猪(4%,1 项研究)的七种 VaD 模型。所有纳入的研究均未使用老年动物,且大多数研究(80%)仅使用雄性动物。关键信息:运动可改善 VaD 模型的认知能力,但会增加神经炎症。运动能改善VaD模型的认知功能以及大脑形态的一些标志物。然而,运动增加了VaD模型的焦虑和神经炎症信号。此外,我们还观察到了更多的报告异常,如缺乏对分组治疗或数据分析的盲法以及将动物随机分组。我们的报告有助于适当设计实验研究,以探究运动作为一种非药物干预措施对VaD模型的影响,并具有较高的转化影响。
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引用次数: 0
Neuro Receptor Signal Detecting and Monitoring Smart Devices for Biological Changes in Cognitive Health Conditions 神经受体信号检测和监控智能设备,了解认知健康状况下的生物变化
IF 1.5 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231206888
Vivek Reddy M, Ganesh Gnk, Rudhresh D, Vaishnavi Parimala T, Gaddam Narasimha Rao
Currently, wearable sensors significantly impact health care through continuous monitoring and event prediction. The types and clinical applications of wearable technology for the prevention of mental illnesses, as well as associated health authority rules, are covered in the current review. The technologies behind wearable ECG monitors, biosensors, electronic skin patches, neural interfaces, retinal prosthesis, and smart contact lenses were discussed. We described how sensors will examine neuronal impulses using verified machine-learning algorithms running in real-time. These sensors will closely monitor body signals and demonstrate continuous sensing with wireless functionality. The wearable applications in the following medical fields were covered in our review: sleep, neurology, mental health, anxiety, depression, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, seizures, and schizophrenia. These mental health conditions can cause serious issues, even death. Inflammation brought on by mental health problems can worsen hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction and interfere with certain neuroregulatory systems such as the neural peptide Y, serotonergic, and cholinergic systems. Severe depressive disorder symptoms are correlated with elevated Interleukin (IL-6) levels. On the basis of previous and present data collected utilizing a variety of sensory modalities, researchers are currently investigating ways to identify or detect the current mental state. This review explores the potential of various mental health monitoring technologies. The types and clinical uses of wearable technology, such as ECG monitors, biosensors, electronic skin patches, brain interfaces, retinal prostheses, and smart contact lenses, were covered in the current review will be beneficial for patients with mental health problems like Alzheimer, epilepsy, dementia. The sensors will closely monitor bodily signals with wireless functionality while using machine learning algorithms to analyse neural impulses in real time.
目前,可穿戴传感器通过持续监测和事件预测对医疗保健产生了重大影响。本综述介绍了可穿戴技术在预防精神疾病方面的类型和临床应用,以及相关的卫生部门规定。我们讨论了可穿戴心电图监测仪、生物传感器、电子皮肤贴片、神经接口、视网膜假体和智能隐形眼镜背后的技术。我们介绍了传感器如何利用实时运行的经过验证的机器学习算法来检查神经元冲动。这些传感器将密切监测身体信号,并展示具有无线功能的连续传感。我们的综述涵盖了可穿戴设备在以下医疗领域的应用:睡眠、神经学、心理健康、焦虑、抑郁、帕金森病、癫痫、癫痫发作和精神分裂症。这些精神疾病会导致严重的问题,甚至死亡。精神健康问题引起的炎症会加重下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能紊乱,并干扰某些神经调节系统,如神经肽 Y、血清素能和胆碱能系统。严重的抑郁症状与白细胞介素(IL-6)水平升高有关。根据以前和现在利用各种感官模式收集的数据,研究人员目前正在研究识别或检测当前精神状态的方法。本综述探讨了各种心理健康监测技术的潜力。本综述涵盖了可穿戴技术的类型和临床用途,如心电图监测器、生物传感器、电子皮肤贴片、大脑接口、视网膜义肢和智能隐形眼镜等,这些技术将对阿尔茨海默症、癫痫、痴呆症等精神疾病患者有益。这些传感器将利用无线功能密切监测身体信号,同时利用机器学习算法实时分析神经冲动。
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引用次数: 0
Citrus Odour Produces Resilient Response to Cognitive Load and Enhances Performance in the N-Back Task 柑橘气味能产生对认知负荷的弹性反应并提高 N-Back 任务的成绩
IF 1.5 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231215556
Deep Shikha, P. Ojha, Kamla Kant Shukla, Om Lata Bhagat, A. Dixit
Background: Olfactory pathway and limbic system demonstrate a close nexus, which paves common ground for investigating the effects of smell on emotions, cognitive load and autonomic functions. Notably, olfactory stimulation during the administration of cognitive load may interfere with the performance. Purpose: The study is planned to investigate the effect of citrus inhalation on cognitive performance, through psychophysiological assessments. Methods: Thirty male participants were subjected to the cognitive load with the 2-back task in control and experimental sessions. Olfactory stimulation was administered with a pure citrus odour through an aroma diffuser. Electrocardiogram (ECG) for heart rate variability (HRV); photoplethysmography (PPG), and electrodermal activity (EDA) were recorded in experimental and control sessions. Results: Citrus odour significantly improved the performance in 2-back task. A paired t-test revealed that the target correct response numbers and target accuracy were significantly increased with the citrus odour inhalation. The EDA showed a rise in the skin conductance level with the 2-back task that was suppressed with the citrus odour administration. The HRV measures, pNN50, RMSSD, and HF power demonstrated a significant increase in the citrus smell. Conclusion: Importantly, citrus odour produced resilience to cognitive stress due to the cognitive task and it was reflected in the EDA. Olfactory stimulation with citrus improved the scores in the 2-back task performance. Though there was no alteration in the overall variability of cardiac oscillation but there was a conspicuous shift of autonomic balance towards the parasympathetic system with the citrus inhalation. The observed finding advocates the use of citrus odour as a cognitive stress-suppressing measure for cognitive enhancement.
背景:嗅觉通路和边缘系统有着密切的联系,这为研究嗅觉对情绪、认知负荷和自律神经功能的影响奠定了基础。值得注意的是,在进行认知负荷时,嗅觉刺激可能会干扰认知表现。目的:本研究计划通过心理生理学评估,调查柑橘吸入对认知能力的影响。研究方法30 名男性参与者分别在对照组和实验组接受了 2 回任务的认知负荷。通过芳香扩散器对参与者进行纯柑橘气味的嗅觉刺激。实验组和对照组分别记录了心电图(ECG)以检测心率变异性(HRV)、光电血压计(PPG)和皮下电活动(EDA)。结果柑橘气味明显改善了 2 回任务的表现。配对 t 检验显示,吸入柑橘气味后,目标正确反应数和目标准确率都有明显提高。EDA显示,在进行2-back任务时,皮肤电导水平上升,而在吸入柑橘气味后,皮肤电导水平被抑制。心率变异测量、pNN50、RMSSD 和高频功率在柑橘气味的作用下均有显著增加。结论重要的是,柑橘气味能产生对认知任务造成的认知压力的恢复力,这一点在 EDA 中得到了反映。柑橘的嗅觉刺激提高了 "2-back "任务的得分。虽然心脏振荡的总体变异性没有改变,但吸入柑橘后,自律神经平衡明显向副交感神经系统转移。这一观察结果主张使用柑橘气味作为认知压力抑制措施,以提高认知能力。
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引用次数: 0
Breakthroughs in Alzheimer's Research: A Path to a More Promising Future? 阿尔茨海默病研究的突破:通往更有希望的未来之路?
IF 1.5 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231187235
Hareer Fatima, Hussain Sohail Rangwala, Faiza Riaz, Burhanuddin Sohail Rangwala, Mohammad Arham Siddiq

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder with a significant global impact, affecting approximately 50 million individuals, and projections estimate that up to 152 million people will be affected by 2050. AD is characterized by beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain, leading to cognitive decline.

Summary: Recent research on AD has made significant strides, including the development of an "amyloid clock" biomarker that tracks AD progression through positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Surf4 and other genes have been discovered to play a role in regulating beta-amyloid toxicity, while inhibiting the enzyme hexokinase-2 has shown positive results in preclinical studies. New brain mapping techniques have identified early brain-based causes of cognitive changes in AD, and biomarkers such as neuronal pentraxin protein Nptx2 and astrocytic 7-subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (7nAChRs) show potential for early detection. Other approaches, such as replenishing the enzyme Tip60, selectively degrading the modified protein p-p38 with PRZ-18002, and targeting the protein voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC1), have shown promise in enhancing cognitive function and preventing pathophysiological alterations linked to AD. Baseline blood samples and other biomarkers such as urine formic acid, p-tau 198, microRNAs, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) have also been discovered for early detection and intervention of AD. Additionally, recent FDA approvals for medications such as aducanumab and lecanemab provide options for reducing AD symptoms and improving function, while clinical trials for dementia vaccines show promise for the nasal and beta-amyloid 40 vaccines as well as vaccinations targeting tau.

Key messages: These advancements in AD research, including biomarker discovery and the development of disease-modifying treatments, are crucial steps towards improving the lives of those affected by AD and finding a cure for this debilitating disease.

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种广泛存在的神经退行性疾病,具有重大的全球影响,影响约5000万人,预计到2050年,将有多达1.52亿人受到影响。AD的特征是大脑中的β淀粉样蛋白斑块和tau缠结,导致认知能力下降。最近对AD的研究取得了重大进展,包括开发了一种“淀粉样蛋白时钟”生物标志物,通过正电子发射断层扫描(PET)跟踪AD的进展。Surf4和其他基因已被发现在调节β淀粉样蛋白毒性中发挥作用,而抑制己糖激酶-2在临床前研究中显示出积极的结果。新的大脑绘图技术已经确定了AD认知变化的早期大脑原因,神经元五肽蛋白Nptx2和烟碱乙酰胆碱受体的星形细胞7亚基(7nAChRs)等生物标志物显示出早期检测的潜力。其他方法,如补充酶Tip60,用PRZ-18002选择性降解修饰蛋白p-p38,以及靶向蛋白电压依赖性阴离子通道-1(VDAC1),已显示出在增强认知功能和预防与AD相关的病理生理学改变方面的前景,和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)也被发现用于AD的早期检测和干预。此外,最近美国食品药品监督管理局批准了aducanumab和lecanemab等药物,为减少AD症状和改善功能提供了选择,而痴呆症疫苗的临床试验显示,鼻腔和β-淀粉样蛋白40疫苗以及针对tau的疫苗有前景。AD研究的这些进展,包括生物标志物的发现和疾病改良治疗的开发,是改善AD患者生活和找到治疗这种衰弱疾病的方法的关键步骤。
{"title":"Breakthroughs in Alzheimer's Research: A Path to a More Promising Future?","authors":"Hareer Fatima, Hussain Sohail Rangwala, Faiza Riaz, Burhanuddin Sohail Rangwala, Mohammad Arham Siddiq","doi":"10.1177/09727531231187235","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531231187235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder with a significant global impact, affecting approximately 50 million individuals, and projections estimate that up to 152 million people will be affected by 2050. AD is characterized by beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain, leading to cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Recent research on AD has made significant strides, including the development of an \"amyloid clock\" biomarker that tracks AD progression through positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Surf4 and other genes have been discovered to play a role in regulating beta-amyloid toxicity, while inhibiting the enzyme hexokinase-2 has shown positive results in preclinical studies. New brain mapping techniques have identified early brain-based causes of cognitive changes in AD, and biomarkers such as neuronal pentraxin protein Nptx2 and astrocytic 7-subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (7nAChRs) show potential for early detection. Other approaches, such as replenishing the enzyme Tip60, selectively degrading the modified protein p-p38 with PRZ-18002, and targeting the protein voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC1), have shown promise in enhancing cognitive function and preventing pathophysiological alterations linked to AD. Baseline blood samples and other biomarkers such as urine formic acid, p-tau 198, microRNAs, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) have also been discovered for early detection and intervention of AD. Additionally, recent FDA approvals for medications such as aducanumab and lecanemab provide options for reducing AD symptoms and improving function, while clinical trials for dementia vaccines show promise for the nasal and beta-amyloid 40 vaccines as well as vaccinations targeting tau.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>These advancements in AD research, including biomarker discovery and the development of disease-modifying treatments, are crucial steps towards improving the lives of those affected by AD and finding a cure for this debilitating disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10996869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42007579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Review on Neuroinflammatory Pathway Mediating Through Ang-II/AT1 Receptors and a Novel Approach for the Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia in Combination with ARB's and Ceftriaxone. Ang II/AT1受体介导的神经炎性通路研究进展及ARB和头孢曲松联合治疗脑缺血的新方法
IF 1.5 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231182554
Gaddam Narasimha Rao, Srikanth Jupudi, Antony Justin

Background: Ischemic stroke is one of the prevalent neurodegenerative disorders; it is generally characterized by sudden abruption of blood flow due to thromboembolism and vascular abnormalities, eventually impairing the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the brain for its metabolic needs. Oxygen-glucose deprived conditions provoke the release of excessive glutamate, which causes excitotoxicity.

Summary: Recent studies suggest that circulatory angiotensin-II (Ang-II) has an imperative role in initiating detrimental events through binding central angiotensin 1 (AT1) receptors. Insufficient energy metabolites and essential ions often lead to oxidative stress during ischemic reperfusion, which leads to the release of proinflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and cytokines like interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin- 1beta (IL-1β). The transmembrane glutamate transporters, excitatory amino acid transporter-2 (EAAT-2), which express in astroglial cells, have a crucial role in the clearance of glutamate from its releasing site and convert glutamate into glutamine in normal circumstances of brain physiology.

Key message: During cerebral ischemia, an impairment or dysfunction of EAAT-2 attributes the risk of delayed neuronal cell death. Earlier studies evidencing that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) attenuate neuroinflammation by inhibiting the Ang-II/AT1 receptor-mediated inflammatory pathway and that ceftriaxone ameliorates the excitotoxicity-induced neuronal deterioration by enhancing the transcription and expression of EAAT-2 via the nuclear transcriptional factor kappa-B (NF-kB) signaling pathway. The present review will briefly discuss the mechanisms involved in Ang-II/AT1-mediated neuroinflammation, ceftriaxone-induced EAAT-2 expression, and the repurposing hypothesis of the novel combination of ARBs and ceftriaxone for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.

缺血性中风是一种常见的神经退行性疾病;它的特点通常是由于血栓栓塞和血管异常而导致血液流动突然中断,最终损害大脑代谢所需的氧气和营养供应。缺氧-葡萄糖条件下会引起过量谷氨酸的释放,从而引起兴奋性毒性。最近的研究表明,循环血管紧张素II(Ang II)通过结合中枢血管紧张素1(AT1)受体在引发有害事件中发挥着重要作用。能量代谢产物和必需离子不足通常会导致缺血再灌注过程中的氧化应激,从而导致促炎介质如白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)以及细胞因子如白介素-18(IL-18)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的释放。在星形胶质细胞中表达的跨膜谷氨酸转运蛋白,兴奋性氨基酸转运蛋白-2(EAAT-2),在正常的脑生理环境中,在清除谷氨酸释放位点并将谷氨酸转化为谷氨酰胺方面发挥着至关重要的作用。在脑缺血期间,EAAT-2的损伤或功能障碍归因于延迟神经元细胞死亡的风险。早期研究证明,血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARB)通过抑制Ang II/AT1受体介导的炎症途径来减轻神经炎症,头孢曲松通过核转录因子κB(NF-kB)信号通路增强EAAT-2的转录和表达来改善兴奋性毒性诱导的神经元退化。本综述将简要讨论Ang II/AT1介导的神经炎症、头孢曲松诱导的EAAT-2表达的机制,以及ARBs和头孢曲松新组合治疗脑缺血的再利用假说。
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引用次数: 0
A Study of Hypertension and Related Biophysical and Health-related Lifestyle Behaviors in Patients Suffering from Schizophrenia. 精神分裂症患者高血压及相关生物生理和健康相关生活方式行为的研究
IF 1.5 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231158451
Akhilesh Sharma, Devendra Singh Basera, Vikas Suri, Shubh Mohan Singh

Background: Schizophrenia is a life-shortening disease. The standardized mortality ratio has been higher than that of the general population, and it has doubled what it was 3-4 decades ago. This rise is mostly attributed to the increased cardiovascular risk associated with high second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) use. Evidence from the first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) era shows a lower prevalence of hypertension (HTN) but data regarding SGAs is scarce.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of HTN and related factors using standardized methodology in patients with schizophrenia on treatment with SGAs.

Methods: A cross-sectional study through convenient sampling was done. Blood pressure, anthropometry, physical activity, and health-related lifestyle factors were assessed using the standard World Health Organization (WHO) methodology of cardiovascular survey methods and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) version 2. The prevalence of HTN, obesity, inadequate physical activity, and other demographic and clinical correlates like antipsychotic use, duration of illness, and family history of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were studied.

Results: The prevalence of HTN is 20.50%, and it increases with age. SGAs with the use of a single agent are the most common. In total, 45.50% of persons with schizophrenia have a positive family history of a NCD; 22.00% and 07.50% are current tobacco and alcohol users, respectively; and 70% have abdominal obesity, and 54% have generalized obesity. Waist circumference, obesity, and family history of NCDs are significant correlates of HTN. A family history of NCDs is the most significant predictor.

Conclusion: The prevalence of HTN is lower than that of the general population despite the high prevalence of SGA use, obesity, and inadequate physical activity.

精神分裂症是一种缩短寿命的疾病。标准化死亡率已高于一般人口的死亡率,是30 - 40年前的两倍。这一上升主要是由于第二代抗精神病药(SGA)的大量使用增加了心血管风险。来自第一代抗精神病药(FGA)时代的证据显示高血压(HTN)患病率较低,但关于SGAs的数据很少。本研究的目的是使用标准化的方法评估接受SGAs治疗的精神分裂症患者HTN的患病率及相关因素。通过方便的抽样进行了横断面研究。使用标准的世界卫生组织(WHO)心血管调查方法和全球身体活动问卷(GPAQ)第2版对血压、人体测量、身体活动和与健康相关的生活方式因素进行评估。研究了HTN的患病率、肥胖、身体活动不足以及其他人口统计学和临床相关因素,如抗精神病药物的使用、疾病持续时间和非传染性疾病(ncd)的家族史。HTN患病率为20.50%,随年龄增长而增加。使用单一药剂的SGAs是最常见的。总的来说,45.50%的精神分裂症患者有非传染性疾病的阳性家族史;目前吸烟和饮酒的比例分别为22.00%和07.50%;70%的人患有腹部肥胖,54%的人患有全身性肥胖。腰围、肥胖和非传染性疾病家族史是HTN的重要相关因素。非传染性疾病家族史是最重要的预测因素。尽管SGA使用、肥胖和身体活动不足的患病率很高,但HTN的患病率低于一般人群。
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引用次数: 0
Internet Addiction and Its Association with Demographic Variables, Depression, Anxiety, and Psychological Well-being in College Students. 大学生网络成瘾及其与人口统计学变量、抑郁、焦虑和心理健康的关系
IF 1.5 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231171979
Krishan Kumar, Kapil Goel, Aseem Mehra

Background: Internet is an integral part of the daily life of everyone. Internet addiction (IA) is one of the major concerns, specifically among young adults. The association between IA, depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being (PWB) is least studied in young adults.

Purpose: To evaluate IA and its association with psychological morbidity and PWB in a larger sample size. In addition, to examine the factors that are associated with IA.

Methods: A total of 1287 young students were evaluated in the present study. Participants were evaluated on the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Psychological Well-Being Index-22.

Results: The mean age of the study's participants is 19.5 years. The majority were female (68.9%), from nuclear families (61.8%), and belonged to urban localities (61.5%). On IAT, 15.9% had a presence of IA with a cut-off score of 50. 27.4% and 20.5% had a presence of depression and anxiety with a cut-off score of 10 on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7, respectively. Approximately two-thirds (66.7%) reported poor PWB. IA had a significant positive association with depression and anxiety and a negative association with PWB. Male students, the presence of depression, anxiety, and poor PWB were independent factors associated with IA.

Conclusion: Internet addiction is highly prevalent among college students and has a significant association with anxiety, depression, and poor PWB. There is a need to develop a structured plan, educational strategy, and program to minimize IA in young adults.

互联网是每个人日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。网瘾(IA)是主要问题之一,尤其是在年轻人中。IA、抑郁、焦虑和心理健康(PWB)之间的关系在年轻人中研究得最少。在更大的样本量中评估IA及其与心理发病率和PWB的关系。此外,研究与IA相关的因素。本研究共对1287名青年学生进行了评估。通过网络成瘾测试(IAT)、患者健康问卷-9 (PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑障碍-7 (GAD-7)和心理健康指数-22对参与者进行评估。研究参与者的平均年龄为19.5岁。以女性(68.9%)、核心家庭(61.8%)和城市地区(61.5%)居多。在IAT上,15.9%的患者存在IA,分值为50分。27.4%和20.5%的人存在抑郁和焦虑,PHQ-9和GAD-7的分值分别为10分。大约三分之二(66.7%)报告PWB差。IA与抑郁、焦虑显著正相关,与PWB显著负相关。男学生、抑郁、焦虑、PWB差是与IA相关的独立因素。网络成瘾在大学生中非常普遍,并且与焦虑、抑郁和PWB差有显著的关联。有必要制定一个结构化的计划、教育策略和计划,以尽量减少年轻人的IA。
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引用次数: 0
GABA Administration Ameliorates the Toxicity of Doxorubicin on CSF and the Brain of Albino Rats. GABA给药改善阿霉素对白化大鼠脑脊液和脑的毒性
IF 1.5 Q3 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-21 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231161911
Hani M Abdelsalam

Background: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain and is a non-proteinogenic amino acid. Doxorubcin (DOX) or adriamycin is one of the most potent chemotherapy drugs for breast cancer.

Purpose: This study focused on diminishing the brain injury and neurotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) by GABA administration.

Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups (8 rats each), which were the control group, DOX group (3 mg/kg for 4 weeks, then 2 mg/kg for 2 weeks), GABA group (2 mg/kg for 21 days), and DOX + GABA group (treated as the second and third groups). Neurotoxicity and brain injury were assessed by determining CSF biomarkers, serum inflammatory markers, and histopathological evaluation of the cerebral cortex.

Results: DOX treatment significantly increased the levels of all CSF biomarkers (S100B, IL-1β, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), spectrin breakdown products (SBDP145), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and all inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), causing extensive neutrophilic infiltration and great alteration in the cerebral cortex architecture as evidence of neurotoxicity. The oral administration of GABA significantly reduced the levels of all CSF biomarkers and inflammatory markers and restored the normal architecture of the cerebral cortex, with observed ameliorations in neutrophilic infiltration.

Conclusion: GABA administration can ameliorate neurotoxicity and protect the brain against the negative effects of DOX treatment.

γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)是哺乳动物大脑中主要的抑制性神经递质,是一种非蛋白质生成性氨基酸。阿霉素(DOX)或阿霉素是治疗癌症最有效的化疗药物之一。本研究的重点是通过GABA给药减轻阿霉素(DOX)的脑损伤和神经毒性。将大鼠随机分为四组(每组8只),即对照组、DOX组(3 mg/kg,4周,然后2 mg/kg,2周)、GABA组(2 mg/kg,21天)和DOX+GABA组。通过测定CSF生物标志物、血清炎症标志物和大脑皮层的组织病理学评估来评估神经毒性和脑损伤。DOX治疗显著增加了所有CSF生物标志物(S100B、IL-1β、泛素羧基末端水解酶L1(UCH-L1)、神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、spectrin分解产物(SBDP145)、C-C基序趋化因子配体2(CCL2)和所有炎性标志物(IL-6、TNF-α和IFN-γ)的水平,引起广泛的中性粒细胞浸润和大脑皮层结构的巨大改变,作为神经毒性的证据。口服GABA显著降低了所有CSF生物标志物和炎症标志物的水平,并恢复了大脑皮层的正常结构,观察到中性粒细胞浸润有所改善。GABA给药可以改善神经毒性,并保护大脑免受DOX治疗的负面影响。
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Annals of Neurosciences
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