Morphologia medica最新文献

In order to define positional criteria for the distinction in clinical imaging techniques such as the CAT scan between lymph nodes and ovaries, 79 anatomical specimens (with the pelvis sectioned in the sagittal plane) were examined (25 females, 54 males). It was found, that the two groups of lymph nodes of the external iliac glands, the middle and internal chain, showed a statistically significant difference in length, with the former (having a mean extension of 17 mm) being 5 mm shorter than the latter. The lymph nodes of the middle chain were found in 79% medial to the cranial half of the external iliac artery. The lymph nodes of the internal chain were most frequently situated (66%) alongside the distal half of the external iliac vein. The mean size of the ovaries and lymph nodes was in accordance with published ata. The range of movement of the ovary was defined as a triangle or square. Its medial and lateral borders were, a few cases excepted, the floor of the pelvis or its wall. In relation to the external iliac artery, the ovary was situated in 56% of the specimens in the distal half. In only 17% was the ovary in the "fossa ovarica". A comparison of the most common positions of external iliac lymph nodes and ovary in relation to the extended iliac artery shows, that the position of the ovary and the lymph nodes of the internal chain are almost congruent. Therefore a distinction based on pure topologic data is not possible.

Ameloblastomas of the jaw are rare epithelial tumors. They have to be differentiated from simple cysts and malignant tumors. If incompletely excised they have a high recurrence rate so that radical surgery from the beginning must be the therapy of choice. Exact preoperative diagnosis of the tumor and its possible spread into the infratemporal fossa or the pterygopalatine fossa, into the parapharyngeal space, the orbit or into the intracranial space is mandatory. In this paper we present a case with recurring ameloblastoma. The value of the different diagnostic procedures is discussed.

The freshly inserted rabbit ear chamber is filled with blood. During the first few days, a fibrin network develops that is deposited mainly on the cover slip and base plate. Fibroblasts from the surrounding tissue invade the chamber migrating on this fibrin scaffold. They change from a rod-like shape into completely flattened cells that produce the connective tissue fibers, and then become hardly recognizable. Centripetal blood vessel sprouting can be observed at the periphery after about 2 weeks. The initial overproduction of vessels is followed by a massive reduction and differentiation. The complete mature vascular system lying between two connective tissue sheets needs about 6--8 weeks to develop. Lymphatics occasionally arise in the same manner, and fat cells occur in individual chambers. The connective tissue is superficially coated with a layer of flattened cells. Aside from other cells (mainly mononuclears). Multinucleated giant cells are found on the cover slip and base plate of the chambers.

An echographic study of the normal adrenal glands is realized on normal out patients, and anatomic slices. A comparison is made between echographic and anatomic images. This study demonstrates the image of the normal adrenal gland in the fetus, newborn and adult, and reveals a different echo pattern in the cortex (sonolucent) and the medulla (echogenic).

The values of the superior angle, height and cross sections of the petrous bone show a considerable variation which seems to be almost independent of the form and size of the skull. The cross section of the bone resembles more the positive part of a sinus curve than a triangle. The theoretical superior angle calculated by using cross section and height has a mean value of 87 degrees +/- 6 degrees. The values of height and cross sections are correlated in non-linear equation curve, the formula of which can be calculated as y = 0,59 x2 + 105,3. The values of height and the superior angle have a negative correlation and follow a tangent function. The values of the superior angle correlated to the cross section area as far as they belong to the same height also follow a tangent function. The angle between the plane of the greatest height of the petrous prism and the occlusal surface shows a mean of 32 degrees. The alignment of the collagen fibers analyzed by polarized light indicates a bending stress of the petrous bone. The histological findings and the simple correlations of the measured values suggest that form and structure of the petrous bone is adjusted by biomechanical factors.

The subarticular cancellous bone of the human calcaneus has been investigated in sixty nine cases of known age and sex. In addition eleven calcanei without corresponding informations were used. The three forms of cancellous bone and their threedimensional junctions were analysed by means of the dental burr. It is shown an age bound transformation of the roundmeshed cancellous bone into tubular structures and finally into bone plates or an trabecular network. A tubular construction is presumed as intermediate stage changing by osteolysis into bone plates or trabecular meshwork. The conception of the trajectorial structure presented by Gierse (1976) is more differentiated and enlarged. Considering the calcaneus the normal osteoporosis of old age can be understood to be an age controlled exactly adjusting process. The findings of wide spaced an enlarged cancellous bone elements in a few elder individuals is thought to be a secondary adaptation after preceding normal reduction. Histologic and biometric investigations of this subject will be following.

The course of the fila radicularia in the caudal part of the dural sack is described (Diagram 1, Fig. 1), also the length of the dorsal fila is estimated (f.e. L5 = 138,6 mm), the height of the segments (f.e. S3 = 5,41, S4 = 3,88 mm), the length of the vaginae radiculares (f.e. L5 = 24,6 mm), its angle with the side border of the dural sack (f.e. L5 = 142 degrees) and the distances between the vaginae radiculares (f.e. L4-L5 = 26,67 (21-33) mm). The filum terminale of the spinal cord has a length of 153 (123-178) mm, the filum of the dural sack is 67,8 (48-92) mm long.