Morphologia medica最新文献

Albino-mice (50 animals per group) were exercised (running) for 30 days (29,6 km/animal totally) or received in the same period Methandrostenolon (0,12 mg/animal). With a third group exercise and anabolic steroid was combined. Mean body weight, mean weight of fore and hind leg, also mean weight of heart were compared between the groups and with corresponding weights of the control group. Calculating with allometry equation the influence of both exogen factors on weight of extremities and weight of heart was determined. Anabolic steroid resulted an increased body weight, significantly more than in the control animals. Exercise reduced statistically the weight of living animals. Without influence of body weight the combination of exercise and anabolic steroid made an increase to the weight of extremities, especially of the hind leg. The weight of heart increased only after exercise.

In 111 adults, 3 children and 12 infants the position of the N. medianus and its course through the forearm and the carpal tunnel are examined. In 10% of the adults, deviations from the normal position occur. In 5% of the cases, the nerve does not run radially, but between the tendons for the third and fourth fingers of the M. flexor digitorum superficialis through the carpal tunnel. In another 5% of the cases, the median nerve does not pass superficially but deep beneath the flexor tendons of the fingers, either radially or in the middle of the carpal tunnel, so that he cannot be seen after cutting the transverse ligament (flexor retinaculum). Before disappearing deep between the tendons, the nerve crosses over them. The same observations can be made in infants. The significance of the medial and deep position of the nerve within the carpal tunnel as well as its crossing over the tendons in its course through the forearm is discussed with respect to surgical procedures for opening the carpal tunnel.

The distribution of cartilage thickness was analysed in the proximal part of 10 human elbow joints. Regional differences in the thickness of the cartilaginous covering could be ascertained. The boundary between trochlea humeri and capitulum humeri generally showed a thickened cartilage covering, which is gradually reduced to the border of the joint surface. In the dorsolateral part of the capitulum and in the dorsal area of the trochlea the cartilage is thinned. Besides the distribution patterns of the individual subjects an average distribution is computed. The findings are opposed to the stressing of the elbow joint paying most regard to the position and size of the resultant force. According to the conceptions of the causal histogenesis and preservation of mesenchymal supporting tissues (Pauwels 1960), areas with a thick cartilage covering are led back to an increased functional stressing, whereas thinned out areas represent the result of a diminished functional stressing.

110 x-ray films of young adults were examined. A line connecting the medial end of the articular cleft between naviculare and medial cuneiform bones with the lateral end of the calcaneo-cuboidal joint was used as transverse basis line. The angles between that line and the axes of the metatarsal bones were measured and discussed. A further investigation concerned the valgus position of the hallux. It showed that even in young feet--especially of females--it much more pronounced than was described hitherto. So in this respect our concept of the "normal foot" has to be revised. Further it could be shown that in not too few cases the transverse vault is distinctly flattened, a fact which has hardly been considered in the usual descriptions.