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Intra–annual height growth of hybrid poplars in Latvia. Results from the year of establishment 拉脱维亚杂交杨树的年际高度生长。成立当年的成果
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.15159/AR.17.073
Ā. Jansons, S. Šēnhofa, M. Zeps, U. Neimane, R. Kāpostiņš, A. Kārkliņa, L. Ķēniņa
Fast growing hybrid poplars (Populus spp.) could be successfully used for bioenergy as well as wood production. Productivity of clones had been studied in Baltic States recently, however, little is known about the impact of weather conditions on poplar height growth, thus the potential effect of climate change. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the intra annual height growth of hybrid poplar clones in Latvia. Height increment of 12 hybrid poplar clones was measured on average with an 11 day interval in the first vegetation season in 2016. Annual shoot height was on average 81.0 6.8 cm, significantly (p < 0.001) depending on the poplar clone. Use of long (0.5 m) instead of short (0.3 m) cuttings leaded to larger annual height increment during the year of establishment of the plantation. From June to September the mean growth intensity was 10 to 15 mm day-1. The trend of height growth intensity, described by Gompertz model, indicated that the poplar clones with largest height had relatively fast increase of the growth intensity from June to July. Changes of growth intensity was linked both with the temperature and sum of precipitation. This tendency was not so pronounced for clones with largest height increment, emphasizing the importance of the phenotypic plasticity in selection of clones for plantations.
速生杂交杨树(Populus spp.)可以成功地用于生物能源和木材生产。最近在波罗的海国家对杨树无性系的生产力进行了研究,然而,对天气条件对杨树高度生长的影响知之甚少,因此对气候变化的潜在影响知之甚少。因此,本研究的目的是表征拉脱维亚杨树杂交无性系的年内高度生长。在2016年第一个植被季,以11 d为间隔测量了12个杨树杂交无性系的平均高度增长量。年平均枝高为81.0 ~ 6.8 cm,不同无性系间差异显著(p < 0.001)。使用长插枝(0.5 m)代替短插枝(0.3 m),在人工林建立的那一年里,年高度增长量更大。6 ~ 9月平均生长强度为10 ~ 15mm day-1。用Gompertz模型描述的高度生长强度变化趋势表明,6 ~ 7月,高度最大的杨树无性系生长强度增长较快。生长强度的变化与温度和降水总量有关。这种趋势在高增量最大的无性系中不明显,说明表型可塑性在人工林无性系选择中的重要性。
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引用次数: 5
Harvest time and ensilage suitability of giant reed and miscanthus for bio-methane production and characterization of digestate for agronomic use 巨型芦苇和芒草在生物甲烷生产中的收获时间和青贮适宜性及农用沼液特性
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.15159/AR.18.001
F. D. Borso, C. Marzo, Fabio Zuliani, F. Danuso, M. Baldini
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引用次数: 8
Effect of PTO-driven tillage machines on soil particles transfer pto驱动耕作机械对土壤颗粒迁移的影响
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.15159/AR.18.150
M. Buřič, J. Hůla, P. Novák
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引用次数: 0
Fatty acid composition of oilseed rapeseed genotypes as affected by vermicompost application and different thermal regimes 施用蚯蚓堆肥和不同热环境对油菜籽脂肪酸组成的影响
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.15159/AR.18.002
E. S. G. Joughi, E. Hervan, A. S. Rad, G. Noormohamadi
Vegetable oils with a high relative amount of unsaturated fatty acids are of great significance for human health. Hence, in a 2-year factorial split plot experiment, the effects of different sowing date (optimum (October 17) and late (October 27)), vermicompost (0 and 20 ton ha-1) and genotypes (BAL104, DIE710.08, BAL102, FJL330, FJL290 and Okapi) on the fatty acid composition of rapeseed were evaluated. Rapeseed genotypes and the combination of sowing date and vermicompost application were randomized to sub and main-plots, respectively. The present results revealed that yield, oil percentage and fatty acids composition is affected by sowing dates along with genotypes. However, the unsaturated fatty acid, eicosanoic acid was not affected by interaction sowing date and genotype. Vermicomposting increased the yield, oil percentage, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids and decrease erucic unsaturated fatty acid. The FJL290 and BAL102 genotypes produced the highest values of grain yield (5,853 and 5,763 kg ha , respectively), oil percentage (43.98% and 43.85%, respectively), linoleic % acid (20.51 and 20.37% respectively), oleic % acid (65.23 and 64.93% respectively) and linolenic % acid (7.20 and 7.09% respectively) in comparison to the other genotypes, when they were sown at the optimum sowing date. The FJL290 and BAL102 also accelerated their growth period at the late sowing date. Consequently, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids had the highest direct and indirect effect influence on grain oil percentage indicating their importance as selection criteria to improve yield and oil quality of rapeseed. Concluding the combination of sowing date, vermicompost and FJL290 and BAL102 lines may be the most favourable cropping strategy for rapeseed production in Iran.
植物油中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,对人体健康具有重要意义。因此,通过2年的因子分畦试验,研究了不同播期(最适播期(10月17日)和播后期(10月27日)、堆肥量(0和20 t hm -1)和基因型(BAL104、DIE710.08、BAL102、FJL330、FJL290和欧加皮)对油菜籽脂肪酸组成的影响。油菜基因型和播期与蚯蚓堆肥施用组合分别随机分配到子区和主区。结果表明,油菜的产量、含油量和脂肪酸组成受播期和基因型的影响。而不饱和脂肪酸、二十碳酸不受播期和基因型互作的影响。蚯蚓堆肥提高了产量、油分、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸,降低了芥酸不饱和脂肪酸。FJL290和BAL102基因型在最佳播期播种时,籽粒产量(分别为5853和5763 kg hm2)、含油率(分别为43.98%和43.85%)、亚油酸(分别为20.51%和20.37%)、油酸(分别为65.23%和64.93%)和亚麻酸(分别为7.20%和7.09%)均高于其他基因型。FJL290和BAL102在播后也加速了生育期。由此可见,油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸对籽粒出油率的直接和间接影响最大,说明它们是提高油菜籽产量和油质的重要选择标准。结果表明,播期、蚯蚓堆肥和FJL290和BAL102系的组合可能是伊朗油菜籽生产最有利的种植策略。
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引用次数: 14
Strawberry leaf surface temperature dynamics measured by thermal camera in night frost conditions 夜霜条件下草莓叶片表面温度动态的热像仪测量
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.15159/AR.18.010
E. Kokin, V. Palge, M. Pennar, K. Jürjenson
The aim of the study was to define the strawberry leaf surface and ambient air temperature differences in night frost conditions. The study was carried out at the commercial strawberry field in late autumn at a specific natural climatic situation, corresponding to night frost conditions. Thermal camera FLIR P660 was used for obtaining thermal images and corresponding visual colour images of the strawberry leaves. The images were taken at ten-minute interval. The ambient air temperature, relative humidity, dew point, solar radiation and wind speed data were obtained by Davis Vantage Pro2 weather station. It was estimated that the surface temperature of the specific leaf is comparatively similar at different parts of the specimen and changes noticeably with the variation of solar radiation intensity. The speed of temperature changes was also analysed. During all the measurement period, the considerable difference between the temperature of the leaf and the ambient air temperature was established, especially in absence of solar radiation. The difference of the leaf surface and ambient air temperature reached 8 study showed that in night frost conditions the plants might be endangered by low temperatures even at the air temperatures above 0 to the sky. It is suggested that the thermal imaging or infrared radiation measurement should be used simultaneously with air temperature measurements for more exact timing of night frost prevention measures at strawberry cultivation.
该研究的目的是确定草莓叶表面和环境空气温度在夜间霜冻条件下的差异。该研究是在深秋的商品草莓田进行的,在特定的自然气候条件下,对应于夜霜条件。利用红外热像仪FLIR P660获取草莓叶片的热像和相应的视觉彩色图像。图像每隔十分钟拍摄一次。环境空气温度、相对湿度、露点、太阳辐射和风速数据由Davis Vantage Pro2气象站获取。估计样品不同部位特定叶片的表面温度比较相似,且随太阳辐射强度的变化变化明显。分析了温度变化的速度。在整个测量期间,特别是在没有太阳辐射的情况下,叶片温度与周围空气温度之间存在较大差异。研究表明,在夜间霜冻条件下,即使气温高于0℃,植物也可能受到低温的威胁。建议热成像或红外辐射测量应与气温测量同时进行,以更准确地确定草莓栽培防冻措施的时间。
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引用次数: 4
Energy consumption of milking pump controlled by frequency convertor during milking cycle. 变频控制挤奶泵在挤奶周期内的能耗。
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.15159/ar.18.016
P. Vaculík, M. Přikryl, J. Bradna, L. Libich
The article deals with selected parameters affecting the energy consumption of a vacuum pump in a milking system during the whole milking cycle in variants with and without regulation by a frequency convertor. When put into practice, the latest research of creation, control and stabilization of vacuum in milking devices allows dairy farmers to obtain a vacuum system that ensures maximum stability of milking pressure, which is a basic requirement affecting the health of dairy cows. The choice of vacuum system prioritizes in particular high performance, maximum operational reliability, minimum maintenance, long service life, environmental friendliness and economy. The vacuum pump was a Roots vacuum pump with a rotary piston which is typical for this use. Use of a frequency convertor significantly affected the efficiency of this pump for control of vacuum pressure level and pump performance by varying the rotation frequency according to the actual airflow requirement. Using this control system, only as much vacuum pressure is produced as necessary. By measurement of an experimental setup, it was found that the average power requirement of a setup with a control valve was 3.8 kW compared to 1.7 kW in the case of the variant with frequency convertor. Measurements and calculations have shown that this system is capable of saving more than 50% of electric energy.
本文讨论了在有和没有变频器调节的情况下,影响挤奶系统中真空泵在整个挤奶周期中的能量消耗的选定参数。在实际应用中,对真空挤奶设备的制造、控制和稳定的最新研究使奶农获得了一个保证挤奶压力最大稳定性的真空系统,这是影响奶牛健康的基本要求。真空系统的选择优先考虑高性能,最大的运行可靠性,最少的维护,长使用寿命,环保和经济。真空泵是一个罗茨真空泵与旋转活塞,这是典型的这种用途。变频器的使用极大地影响了该泵的效率,通过根据实际气流要求改变旋转频率来控制真空压力水平和泵的性能。使用这种控制系统,只产生必要的真空压力。通过对实验装置的测量,发现带有控制阀的装置的平均功率需求为3.8 kW,而带有变频器的变型装置的平均功率需求为1.7 kW。测量和计算表明,该系统能够节省50%以上的电能。
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引用次数: 2
Typological analysis of the sustainability of dairy cattle farming in the Chelif valley (Algeria) 阿尔及利亚切利夫河谷奶牛养殖可持续性的类型学分析
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.15159/AR.18.023
H. Ikhlef, K. Ouakli, S. Ikhlef, M. Benidir
To identify production systems that could increase local milk production in a sustainable manner, a study was conducted on 135 dairy farms in the three main plains of the Chelif Valley, Algeria. These have been evaluated for environmental, social and economic sustainability based on the IDEA (Farm Sustainability Indicators) method. The Principal Component Analysis identified 4 different types dairy production systems, namely Type 1: Medium-size dairy farms with cereal crop production; Type 2: Small-size dairy farms; Type 3: Medium-size dairy farms diversified crop production, and Type 4: Large-size dairy farms with diversified crop production. Comparative analysis of ecological sustainability showed better results for medium-size dairy farms with cereal crop production (52.3 10.17 / 100 points) and for large-size dairy farms with diversified crop production (51.6 10.38 / 100 points), while the economic sustainability was better for medium-size dairy farms with diversified crop production (51.6 19.20 / 100 points). On the other hand, social security was the weak point for all farm types. On the regional level, it appeared that agri-environmental scores were better in Middle and Low Chelif valley while the best economic performances were recorded in High Chelif valley. On the regional level, it appears that the scores of agri-environmental scales are better in the middle and low Chelif while the economic performances are comparable between the three localities.
为了确定能够以可持续方式增加当地牛奶产量的生产系统,对阿尔及利亚切利夫山谷三个主要平原的135个奶牛场进行了一项研究。根据IDEA(农场可持续发展指标)方法,对这些农场进行了环境、社会和经济可持续性评估。主成分分析确定了4种不同类型的乳制品生产系统,即类型1:以谷类作物生产的中型奶牛场;类型2:小型奶牛场;类型3:多种作物生产的中型奶牛场;类型4:多种作物生产的大型奶牛场。对比分析显示,以谷类作物为主的中型奶牛场(52.3 10.17 / 100分)和以多种作物为主的大型奶牛场(51.6 10.38 / 100分)的生态可持续性较好,以多种作物为主的中型奶牛场(51.6 19.20 / 100分)的经济可持续性较好。另一方面,社会保障是所有农场类型的薄弱环节。在区域层面上,中低切利夫河谷的农业环境得分较好,而高切利夫河谷的经济表现最好。在区域层面上,中低海拔地区的农业环境得分较高,而经济绩效在三个地区之间具有可比性。
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引用次数: 2
Additional concentrates do not affect feeding times of cows, but social positions of cows do. 额外的精料不会影响奶牛的饲喂时间,但会影响奶牛的社会地位。
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.15159/AR.18.165
M. Soonberg, M. Kass, T. Kaart, R. Leming, D. Arney
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引用次数: 2
Analysis of cost and performances of agricultural machinery: reference model for sprayers 农业机械的成本和性能分析:喷雾器的参考模型
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.15159/AR.18.049
L. Sartori, F. Marinello, G. Armentano, T. Yezekyan
Management of agricultural operations is currently rapidly changing caused by increased attention to the concepts of sustainable development and sustainable intensification. Enhancement of productivity and efficiency of agricultural machinery are the leading factors in sustainable agriculture. The complete application and exploitation of engineering advances require the revision of traditional agricultural machinery management process. The definition of the farm fleet (tractors and implements), as well as machinery planning and management, must consider different parameters, including not only the cost of the machines but also their dimensions, weight, working width, needed power, etc. All of this information related to an agricultural machine is eventually influencing the impact on productivity, on the return on the investment, and also on the environment. The present work is aimed at identifying the most relevant parameters which are influencing costs and performances of sprayers, including tank volume, maximum flow, needed power, weight and price. The different parameters are analysed in a correlation matrix, in order to allow identification of dependencies and to extract reference models. The study is based on linear and multiple linear regression analysis carried out on technical specifications of about 700 models of sprayers. Relevant correlations were highlighted between price and weight, between weight and tank capacity and in some cases between power and weight. Following such correlations, models have been proposed, which can be implemented in order to support the decision making phases.
由于越来越重视可持续发展和可持续集约化的概念,目前农业作业的管理正在迅速发生变化。提高农业机械的生产率和效率是实现可持续农业的主导因素。工程技术进步的全面应用和开发,要求对传统农机管理流程进行修正。农场车队(拖拉机和农具)的定义以及机械的规划和管理必须考虑不同的参数,不仅包括机器的成本,还包括它们的尺寸、重量、工作宽度、所需功率等。所有这些与农业机械相关的信息最终都会对生产力、投资回报和环境产生影响。目前的工作旨在确定影响喷雾器成本和性能的最相关参数,包括罐容积、最大流量、所需功率、重量和价格。在相关矩阵中分析不同的参数,以便识别依赖关系并提取参考模型。本研究基于对约700种型号喷雾器的技术指标进行的线性和多元线性回归分析。价格与重量之间、重量与油箱容量之间,以及在某些情况下功率与重量之间,都强调了相关的相关性。根据这种相关性,提出了可以实现的模型,以支持决策阶段。
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引用次数: 10
Criteria of design for deconstruction applied to dairy cows housing: a case study in Italy 解构设计标准应用于奶牛舍:意大利的案例研究
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.15159/AR.18.085
L. Leso, L. Conti, G. Rossi, M. Barbari
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引用次数: 27
期刊
Agronomy research
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