Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia最新文献

We have detected the genotoxic effect (increase of micronuclei) after chronic exposure to low-level ionizing radiation of the thyroid follicular epithelium of the voles living for many generations in the radioactive territory. At the same time, we also discovered the stimulating effect of chronic low-level ionizing radiation on the activity of morphogenetic processes in the thyroid parenchyma of the animals from natural populations (increased micro-follicles). These data were confirmed by the experiments; chronic irradiation of the thyroid gland of rats at the doses of 5 and 50 cGy revealed an increased induction of micronuclei and the increase in the number of small follicles. An increased proliferative potential of thyroid may be regarded as a non-specific adaptive response to chronicbody exposure to ionizing radiation.

Radiobiological Human Tissue repository was established in order to obtain and store biological material from Mayak PA workers occupationally exposed to ionizing (α- and/or γ-) radiation in a wide dose range, from the residents exposed to long term radiation due to radiation accidents and transfer of the samples to scientists for the purpose of studying the effects of radiation for people and their offspring. The accumulated biomaterial is the informational and research potential that form the basis for the work of the scientists in different spheres of biology and medicine. The repository comprises 5 sections: tumor and non-tumor tissues obtained in the course of autopsies, biopsies, surgeries, samples of blood and its components, of DNA, induced sputum, saliva, and other from people exposed or unexposed (control) to radiation. The biomaterial is stored in formalin, in paraffin blocks, slides, as well as in the freezers under low temperatures. All the information on the samples and the registrants (medical, dosimetry, demographic, and occupational data) was obtained and entered into the electronic database. A constantly updated website of the repository was developed in order to provide a possibility to get acquainted with the material and proceed with application for biosamples for scientists from Russia and abroad. Some data obtained in the course of scientific research works on the basis of the biomaterial from the Repository are briefly introduced in the review.

The possibility and effectiveness of application of selective sorbents for fish feed production in aquaculture in the area exposed to the radioactive pollution were studied. The investigations of the fish feed deactivating properties with additives of ferrocyn and potassium alginate, and magnesium on whitefish fry-fingerlings and yearlings were carried out. The study has shown that the ferrocyn performance is greater than 99% regardless of the fish age. 1% ferrocyn addition to feed allows increasing the acceptable concentration of feed compo- nents polluted by the above norm cesium radionuclide up to 20 times. The alginate additives in feed provide almost double decrease in the activity of fish tissues. The optimally effective alginate dose should exceed the calcium concentration in feed up to 4 times. It was found that utilization of the feedstock (fish meal, crops and legumes, oil meal and oil cake) polluted by radionuclides is possible in combined aquaculture feed pro- duction. The application of sorbents in feed will allow increasing the amount permissible for use of the feed components polluted above the norm; ensure the radiation safety of feed and, finally, the protection of aquatic biological resources from radioactive contamination. It is shown that the sorbent additive in feed is also jus- tified in case of fish farming in closed waters affected by radioactive pollution. Feeding by mixed fodder with the sorbent additives prevents fish from radionuclide intake from natural food sources.

The effect of a local exposure of rat heads to X-ray radiation at a dose of 200 Gy on the number of phospho- lipids and neutral lipids in the nuclear fraction ofneocortex neurons and glia has been investigated A decrease in the amount ofphosphatidylinositol and an increase in sphingomyelin in neuronal nuclei occurred 2 h after irradiation at the time of repair of locomotive disorders. The amount of phosphatidylcholine and phosphati- dylinositol dropped, and the amount of sphingomyelin and cholesterol increased in the nuclei ofglial cells of the neocortex. Sphingomyelin, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol of neuronal nuclei are involved in the dynamics of the CNS syndrome in mammals. Radio resistance of the responses of lipid nuclei in mammals with the CNS syndrome has been shown and a possible role of lipids in the post-irradia- tion DNA repair has been suggested.

The synergistic interaction effects of various physical and chemical environmental factors on cells of different origin are presented. Some general patterns of biological manifestations of synergy are analyzed. It is shown that synergistic interactions may be revealed only within a certain range of acting agents and within this range there is an optimum value at which the greatest effect is observed. Possible mechanisms of these effects and their practical usefulness are discussed.

The effect of pulse-periodic microwave radiation (PPMR) of the pulse repetition frequency of 8-25 pulseper second, the peak power density of 1500 W/cm2 on the epididymal adipose tissue of micewas investigated. The effect was assessed by the changes in the fat mass and size of the irradiated adipocytes. It was found that the fat mass and size distribution of adipocytes are affected by irradiation. The effects depend on the pulse repetition frequency and intensity of exposure.

The distribution of natural uranium in soils superaquatic and transeluvial positions of the coastal landscape of lakes Itkul and Sinara, and liches on this site.The necessity of analysis of the content item in accordance with its form of occurrence in the natural environment. The peculiarities of the migration, accumulation and distribution of uranium in soils of the mountain areas of the watersheds of lakes Itkul and Sinara are found. Identified of specificity species lichens on the content of uranium in the substrate.