Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia最新文献

Analysis of the relationship between dose and mortality from cancer and circulation diseases in the cohort of Chernobyl clean-up workers based on the data from the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry was performed. Medical and dosimetry information on the clean-up workers, males, who got radiation doses from April 26, 1986 to April 26, 1987, which was accumulated from 1992 to 2012, was used for the analysis. The total size of the cohort was 42929 people, 12731 deaths were registered in the cohort, among them 1893 deaths from solid cancers and 5230 deaths were from circulation diseases. An average age of the workers was 39 years in 1992 and the mean dose was 164 mGy. The dose-effect relationship was estimated with the use of non-parametric analysis of survival with regard to concurrence of risks of mortality. The risks were estimated in 6 dose groups of similar size (1-70, 70-130, 130-190, 190-210, 210-230 and.230-1000 mGy). The group "1-70 mGy" was used as control. Estimated dose-effect relationship related to cancers and circulation diseases is described approximately with a linear model, coefficient of determination (the proportion of variability explained by the linear model) for cancers was 23-25% and for circulation diseases - 2-13%. The slope coefficient of the dose-effect relationship normalized to 1 Gy for the ratio of risks for cancers in the linear model was 0.47 (95% CI: -0.77, 1.71), and for circulation diseases it was 0.22 (95% CI: -0.58, 1.02). Risks coefficient (slope coefficient of excess mortality at a dose of 1 Gy) for solid cancers was 1.94 (95% CI: - 3.10, 7.00) x 10(-2) and for circulation diseases it was 0.67 (95% CI: -9.61, 11.00) x 10(-2). 137 deaths from radiation-induced cancers and 47 deaths from circulation diseases were registered during a follow up period.

Evidence is presented indicating the differences in the polymorphism of microsatellite (MCS) repeats in DNA of somatic tissues in the offspring of BALB/c mice of different sex born from preconceptionally irradiated males or females. Brother-sister groups of the offspring born by non-irradiated parental pairs were compared with the offspring obtained after the irradiation of one parent in the same pairs. The number of MCS repeats in DNA of somatic tissues of the offspring from irradiated males or females was compared by a polymerase chain reaction using an arbitrary primer. It was found that changes in the polymorphism of the number of MCS repeats in the offspring from the males irradiated at a dose of 2 Gy was insignificant as compared with the offspring from control animals. In the offspring born by the females irradiated at a dose of 2 Gy (which does not impair the reproductive capacity), a statistically significant increase in the polymorphism was observed. Changes in the polymorphism were different in the offspring of different sex. A higher level of polymorphism was revealed in the female offspring born from the females of the F0 generation after their irradiation at a dose of 2 Gy. The increase in the polymorphism of the number of MCS repeats in DNA was more pronounced in postmitotic tissues compared with proliferating tissues.

It has been shown that a single exposure to 171 MHz electromagnetic field with 180 V/m electric field strength and 0.04 mW/kg specific absorption rate significantly alters the Na+/Ca2+ exchange in the isolated rat heart. It is assumed that enhancement of the Na+/Ca2+ exchange towards removing Ca2+ from the cardiomyocytes electromagnetic field exposure is a result of Ca2+ extraction from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the increase of its intracellular level.

Influence of γ-irradiation of barley seeds (Nur variety) at the doses of 8-50 Gy on catalase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and guaiacol peroxidase activities was studied in the seedlings on the 3, 5 and 7 days after germination. It has been shown that activities of the studied enzymes increase in the dose range that causes the growth stimulation in the seedlings (16-20 Gy).

Mathematical models of horizontal distribution and migration of radionuclides are presented in water and floodplain soils of the Samson-Lev-Vandras river system related to the Ob-Irtysh river basin. Integral inventory of radionuclides in the main components of the river ecosystems is calculated. The estimated annual discharge of radionuclides from the Vandras river to the Great Salym river is given. The effect of the removal of man-made radionuclides in the Samson, Lev, Vandras rivers on radioactive contamination of the Ob-Irtysh river system is shown in comparison with the Techa river, that also belongs to the Ob-Irtysh river basin. Despite the presence of an additional radioactive contamination of the Samson floodplain, the transfer of radioactive substances in the Samson, Lev, Vandras rivers has a much smaller impact on the contamination of the Ob-Irtysh river system, compared to the Techa river, prone to a large-scale radioactive contamination.

The results of the epidemiological research of the last decade demonstrate the increased risk of circulatory system diseases in the cohorts of people exposed to professional, anthropogenic or medical irradiation, which causes the development of atherosclerosis of the vessels. It was shown that ionizing radiation is one of the promoters of the development of atherosclerosis.

The paper describes the role of radionuclide technologies among the nuclear-physical methods used in medicine. The condition and prospects of the development of nuclear technology with use of radionuclides in medicine, and in particular, the method of brachytherapy are analyzed. The analysis of the current state of applying radionuclide facilities in medicine is provided.

Experiments on small (rats) and large (dogs) animals have shown that a sequential administration of Palonosetron and Phenotropil decreases the intensity of the main manifestations of the N-V-D stage of acute radiation syndrome. These data show the appropriateness of a combined administration of Palonosetron and Phenotropil to prevent a reduced work capacity in the individuals participating in elimination of the consequences of accidents associated with overexposure to radiation.