Roczniki Akademii Medycznej w Bialymstoku (1995)最新文献

The use of existing possibilities of Telemedicine Center of Kaunas University of Medicine allows the live distant consultations from high-level medical specialised centers to rural areas. On July 2004 the Telemedicine Center took part in the RESCUER/MEDCEUR project exercise. A special objective was the use of telemedicine facilities for distant consultations and sorting of victims directly at the event place. Telemedicine Center used appropriate telecommunication devices for joint activities of civil and multinational military services in critical situations such as mass casualty events. There were used ISDN lines and IP radio-connection. On the final and most intensive day of the anti-terrorism drills, the multinational force of medics at the Kairiu Training Range in Lithuania reacted to a large mass casualty event--treating hundreds of victims from a simulated train crash. Using on-line telemedicine facilities from Kaunas Medical University Hospital there were corrected the tactics of giving the first help and sorting of casualties. The most complicated initiated cases of eye trauma, neurosurgical trauma, maxilloface trauma and traumatic amputation of limbs evaluated and selected for emergent evacuation to the third level hospitals. All those cases transported to Kaunas and Vilnius Universities Hospitals by helicopters (200 and 300 km from the event place). The common use of existing military and civil telemedicine infrastructure showed the possibilities of interaction in management, giving the first help and sorting of casualties between military and civil medical services during the rescue operations.

Helicobacter pylori infection is implicated in the development of two different gastric cancers: gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric MALT lymphoma. The association with the gastric MALT lymphoma is strong and causal. It is currently the only cancer which can be treated by a simple antibiotic treatment. However, the evolution of an H. pylori infection towards lymphoma is exceptional. Host susceptibility factors and environmental factors predisposing a patient to lymphoma have not yet been determined. The bacterial factors are currently being identified.

Purpose: Reactive oxygen species (ROS), continuously generated in tissues, are involved in signal transduction under physiological conditions. The amount of ROS increases in response to surgical trauma. Isoprostanes are novel sensitive and specific markers of lipid peroxidation in vivo. Plasma concentration of isoprostanes increases in patients with various diseases associated with oxidative stress. In the present study we investigated the effect of abdominal hysterectomy on serum isoprostanes concentration.

Material and methods: The study was performed in 20 women (aged 45-63, average 50.3) who had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy with salpingooophorectomy, operated for benign diseases in the 1st Department of Gynaecology of Lublin Medical University. Isoprostanes were assayed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using 8-isoprostane EIA kit (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA).

Results: Serum concentration of isoprostanes before the surgery had value 38.9 +/- 10.7 pg/ml and it decreased at 8, 24 and 96 h after the operation.

Conclusions: Measurement of serum isoprostanes in small group of patients after hysterectomy did not brought the clear answer if the assessment of isoprostanes levels is a valuable method for evaluation of oxidative stress after a surgery.

In this paper, algorithms for extracting and diagnosis of nerve cells with herpetic infections are proposed. Degree of herpetic lesions is divided into four classes. Morphological characteristic of herpetic lesions for cell is accomplished by analyze cells structure. Because virus of herpes change shape of nucleus. Therefore automated analysis of herpetic lesion carry out by morphology segmentation and cells structure identification. The algorithms have been successfully used in practical systems and showed good results.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive, immunologically dependent, systemic diseases of connective tissue, leading to disability, cripplehood or even premature death. Helping to improve the quality of life of RA patients involves teaching them how to cope with disease-related problems of everyday life, with stress and with suffering. The aim of the presented work is to determine the following: the patients' level of knowledge about rheumatoid arthritis; their educational needs; the impact of the level of knowledge on the patients' pro-health behaviours; the knowledge of nurses and their ability to recognize patients' problems; the nurse's tasks in preparing an RA patient for self-care. The subject group consisted of patients with RA diagnosed according to The American Rheumatism Association criteria and nurses from rheumatology clinics and wards. The research method used was a survey questionnaire, which had been constructed for the purpose of the research. The research results indicate a great need of patients, especially those with early rheumatoid arthritis, for education, support and help in adaptation. At the same time, the nurses, even though they do not fully fulfil their educational role, declare a willingness to participate in organized forms of health education.

Unlabelled: In the organised approach to health, a vital part is played by health education. Its main purpose is to transform populational attitudes to health and develop the sense of responsibility for it. Children constitute a particularly important populational segment in this respect.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to establish pro-health behaviour-patterns among paediatric nurses.

Material and methods: Ninety-one randomly selected nurses, employed in the Greater Poland's medical institutions were queried, through a specially designed questionnaire, on their nutritional habits, physical activity, and frequency of consulting their physician. A Microsoft Excel spread sheet was employed in performing statistical calculations, making use of such functions as sum, per cent and arithmetic mean.

Results: Almost all subjects eat irregularly. The majority of them have two meals a day, omitting breakfasts. The proportion of ingredients containing fibre in their diet is insufficient, whereas monosaccharides are consumed excessively. The physical activity is about adequate; taking strolls are the preferred form. The respondents tend to overlook the first, disturbing disease symptoms, and rarely consult with their physician.

Conclusions: (1) The life-style of paediatric nurses is not conducive to maintaining health, despite declaring the latter as the overriding life's value. (2) Chief aberrations in their health behaviour concern: irregular meals, consuming the excessive amount of monosaccharides, and preferring the passive forms of leisure. (3) In nurses' educational curriculum the role of health promotion in human life should be re-assessed, while the importance of health education in their future work should be emphasised.

Purpose: There is no single, universally accepted definition of quality of life (QOL). Both subjective and objective information is necessary to assess QOL. The aim of the study was to evaluate in cross-sectional and prospective manner objective and subjective quality of life in schizophrenic patients 1 month after hospitalization and in one year follow-up.

Material and methods: A study sample consisted of 86 schizophrenic subjects: 52 male and 34 female; age 25.5; +/-5.8 (range 17-47) and control group of matched 52 male and 34 female subjects were enrolled. Subjective QOL scale (WHOQOL-BREF), Social Functioning Scale (SFS) and structured questionnaire were used. Patients were evaluated 1 month (T1) and 13 months (T2) after a discharge from the hospital.

Results: In both T1 and T2 we found similar levels of SFS score and subjective measurement of QOL in patients, which were significantly lower than in healthy controls.

Conclusions: This study showed that both objective and subjective quality of life are significantly decreased directly after hospitalization, and they are relatively stable in 1-year follow-up.

Coexistence of many illnesses of various etiology in elderly patients is one of the most important issues of contemporary geriatrics. Frequent coexistence of depression and fear is one of the increasing problems in general clinical picture. Depression and fear are responsible for unclear and non-uniform clinical signs. They may modify the course of many illnesses and make diagnosis difficult. Firstly, the aim of research was to determine the difference of anxiety level in depressed patients compared with patients not suffering from depression. Secondly, examining if there is a dependence between the anxiety level and depression exacerbation. Thirdly, researching what types of physical and somatic signs are most often related to anxiety. Total number of examined patients amounted to 60 persons aged 65 and older. The persons were treated in The Geriatric Clinic of Medical Academy in Bydgoszcz. The patients did not suffer from dementia and their somatic state allowed to examine them. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used in the research. Anxiety level was examined with Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). Medical history on the patients current life situations was collected. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 persons based on the GDS examination result. One of the groups gathered patients with the signs of depression in every person while the other grouped those without depression. Examination results proved that the anxiety level in depressed patients is significantly higher than in nondepressed patients. They also showed what kinds of psychical and somatic signs are most often related to anxiety. Taking depression and fear symptoms into consideration makes the therapy proper and causes relief for the patients and makes them feel better. Interdisciplinary approach to treatment of elderly patients, covering medical and nonmedical areas of life can help in limiting the number of recurring hospitalization.

Postoperative pain causes numerous disorders in systemic homeostasis. It may result in various complications prolonging the period of convalescence and making the rehabilitation difficult, or even being dangerous to life. A nurse becomes irreplaceable in the process of pain evaluation just after surgical procedures since the pain intensity constitutes the basis for later treatment decisions. The aim of the research is the evaluation of postoperative pain in patients after thoracic and abdominal surgical procedures. 50 thoracosurgical patients and 50 general surgical patients were involved in the research. Patients were selected at random. A visual-analogue scale was used for pain evaluation and the categorisation table was used for the evaluation of patients' self-care ability. Statistical analysis was performed by means of STATISTICA 6 package (StatSoft, Inc). The results prove that in thoracosurgical patients pain intensity is lower and there is no dependence on the operation performed, as in the case of patients after surgical procedures within the abdominal cavity. Statistically significant differences were observed between groups of patients and the analgesic drugs used as well as pain intensity. The evaluation of patients' self-care ability does not depend on the intensity of pain declared by patients.

Purpose: Determination of the enzymatic activity and enzymatic biotypes variations of the yeast like fungi strains isolated from cancer patients with oral candidiasis during last 5 years.

Material and methods: We evaluated enzymatic activity of 92 Candida albicans strains isolated from oral ontocenosis from cancer patients with candidiasis symptoms in 1999 and 2003. The enzymatic activity of the strains tested was assessed by the API ZYM (bioMerieux) method. Biotypes of the strains were determined according to Williamson's or Kurnatowska's and Kurnatowski's classifications.

Results: In 1999 Candida albicans 17 of 19 tested isolates had hydrolytic activity hydrolases and 87% of strains were assigned according to Wiliamson's. Only 8.7% of strains were classified according to Kurnatowska's and Kurnatowski's, but 4.3% strains according to Krajewska-Kułak et al. In 2003, 18 of 19 strains had hydrolytic activity and 93.5% of strains were classified according to Wiliamson's, but 4.3% according to Kurnatowska's and Kurnatowski's and 2.2% according to Krajewska-Kułak et al.

Conclusions: The results of present study indicate that most of tested strains were classified into Wiliamson's system. Our findings suggest that other Candida biotypes should be determined according to their different enzymatic activity and susceptibilities.