Roczniki Akademii Medycznej w Bialymstoku (1995)最新文献

Purpose: The aim was to compare quantitative EEG analysis of REM sleep in children with Down syndrome (DS) and normal age-matched controls.

Material and methods: Twenty-one channel EEG of 21 patients with Down syndrome and 21 normal children, with ages ranging from 1 to 8 years, were submitted to quantitative analysis EEG of discharge-free epochs. The signals were recorded using a set of 17 (F3, F4, F7, F8, Fz, C3, C4, Cz, P3, P4, Pz, O1, O2, T3, T4, T5, T6) scalp electrodes. For each child, 20 artifact-free EEG epochs, each of 2 s without epileptiform discharges were selected for spectral analysis to calculate spectral power. Delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency ranges were compared between groups for all electrode positions.

Results: Quantitative analysis of the REM sleep from DS group disclosed reduction of the power mainly in the alpha when comparing the healthy group. Beta, theta and delta bands did not differ significantly between the groups.

Conclusions: Our findings agree with recent evidences that these children may differ from children normal development.

The aim of the study was to determine the factors allowing non-smoking for the next 2 years after a 5-year period of non-smoking. A questionnaire study was performed in October 2003 among 449 of men and women chosen from among 1700 contest' 'Quit & Win' Competition participants, which was ending in 1996 2nd International Antinicotine Campaign "Quit & Win" in Poland in the region of Lódź and Kalisz. Chosen people were respondents, who during studies conducted in the years 1998 and 2001 stated that they were not smoking at all since their participation in the contest. Filled-in questionnaires were sent back by 296 people (65.9%). The analysis showed that the surveyed with elementary education more rarely than people with other level of education could preserve in non-smoking habit for the next 2 years after a 5-year period of non-smoking. Further maintenance of nicotine abstinence was not dependent on: age, sex, the place of living, the marital status and the source of income.

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to estimate the need for information support concerned with care of a baby and evaluation of lying-in women expectations referred to sources of support, methods and devices used during presentation. The research included 200 lying-in women hospitalized in Clinic of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin; there were separated the study group which consisted of primiparas (n=100) and reference group - multiparas (n=100). The applied method was medical history of a patient, and a research tool was author's questionnaire. The results show that primiparas noticeably more often than multiparas need information support related to care of umbilical stump (p < 0.001), bathing (p < 0.001), care of skin and mucous membranes (p < 0.001), management of regurgitation, management of colic (p < 0.001), signs of neonatal transient states, and checking for concern-raising signs (p < 0.001). Lying-in women much more often indicate a nurse/midwife and a doctor working in maternity ward as a source of information support, and considerably more often expect information to be provided in the form of training and chatty lecture with the use of brochures.

Conclusions: (1) Primiparas require greater involvement of health professionals in providing information support and especially giving information on baby care. (2) A nurse/midwife and a doctor are these people in maternity ward who are particularly expected to provide information support for both primiparas and multiparas. (3) Different methods (training, chatty lecture) may be applied when information support is provided and the choice should correspond with patients' needs, goals and organizational possibilities. (4) Lying-in women expect various devices used for providing information support, but in most cases they are brochures with information on particular topics.

In years sixtieth in U.S.A. the process of nursing was introduced to the contemporary practice of nursing. U.S. was also the first country where the need of teaching the nurses on high standard was noticed and executed. In years 1960-1980 a very intensive development of nursing appeared there, the process of nursing strengthened it's position as a work method based on the theory of human's needs. In Poland idea of process of care developed from over twenty years. Instruction cares is based for scientific bases this of process. Process of nursing as dynamic work method, makes a work of nurse very active and raises the quality of care after a sick person. This process embraces with one's own range also healthy man, potentially threatened with disease, family, group of persons and environment. It is the modern form of nursing in the contrary to nursing understood in traditional way. The main purpose of introduction the process of evidencing to execution of classes like geriatrics and geriatric nursing with students of the third year Faculty of Health Sciences, UMK Collegium Medicum was moulding abilities of conducting the process looking after a sick person by students trough underlining the meaning of scientific bases of nursing.

Purpose: The aim of our study was risk assessment for the development of pressure ulcers and thus defining a group of patients considered to be at risk of developing pressure ulcers. It also helped to define the role of the nurse in the early assessment of the risk for developing pressure ulcers.

Material and methods: Risk assessment for the development of pressure ulcers was carried out in 199 patients hospitalised in The District Hospital in Bielsk Podlaski. The research was carried out with patients admitted to The Departments of General Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Long-Term Care. Risk assessment for the development of pressure ulcers was performed with the aid of the Norton scale.

Conclusions: An increased risk for the development of pressure ulcers was found in more than half of the patients examined (53.8%). Pressure sores developed in 17.6% of the patients, women being at significantly greater risk. Risk assessment for the development of pressure ulcers with the aid of one of the recommended scales facilitates the early recognition of those patients at risk of developing pressure ulcers.

Preparations containing organic and inorganic fluorine compounds are used for oral hygiene. Fluoride ions contained in these preparations display high bioactivity and can alter the environment of the mouth. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of preparations containing aminofluorides, commonly used in oral hygiene, on the activity of salivary cathepsin C (EC 3.4.14.1). The research material included mixed saliva, collected at rest before and after the application of the following preparations: Elmex gelee, Elmex red fluid, Elmex green fluid, Fluormex rinse. The salivary pH, concentration of fluoride ions and activity of cathepsin C were determined. Fluoride preparations inhibit the activity of cathepsin C and cause changes in human salivary pH. Saliva can serve as a diagnostic material in the examination of the environmental exposure to fluorides.

In children, it is usually one of the stages of treatment of lower alimentary congenital defects. Such patients require long-term professional medical and nursing attention as well as solicitous care of the parents at home. The aim of the study was the analysis of educational and nursing problems that are faced by parents of children with stoma, the influence of a nurse on the quality of their care, and determination of nurse educational assignment in preparing the parents for the care at home. The study was performed in the group of 30 parents of children, 0-2 years old, with lower alimentary congenital defects who had intestinal stoma inserted in 2003. The questionnaire revealed that the main causes of the stoma were Hirschsprung disease (40%), anal atresia (37%), perianal fistula, intestinal perforation and necrosis (10% each). All responders stated that the knowledge acquired in the ward was of great help while nursing a child at home. The results showed that above 80% of parents had the opportunity to change the stomal sacks by themselves, once or more times, in the presence of medical staff. Skin changes (33%) were the most common complications in case of stoma, which could encounter for inappropriate care. Other complications included hemorrhage (20%), prolapse (13%), and stoma narrowing (10%).

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease which etiology and pathogenesis is still unknown. The vascular and immunological changes are the major elements of the SSc. The preliminary ACR criteria of SSc are the oldest criteria for rheumatic diseases and are not sensitive enough in respect to early SSc. Many authors suggest that these criteria should be extended by capillaroscopic and immunological changes. In 2001 LeRoy and Medsger proposed new criteria for SSc that could help to identify SSc patients with early stage of the disease. This will give the opportunity for the early and proper treatment.

Purpose: The contamination of the indoor environment with yeast-like fungi and moulds in social welfare home in Czerewki was evaluated.

Material and methods: The concentration of airborne fungi (in front of the building and in the corridors, patient rooms, study rooms, recreation rooms, kitchens, bathrooms, toilets) was determined using SAS-Super 100 (Pbi International). The fungal concentration on walls was assessed using the Count-Tact applicator and the plate Count-Tact irradiated (BioMerieux). Swabs were taken from the skin of the interdigital spaces of feet and hands, nails and the oral cavity of the residents. The fungi from the swabs were cultured on Sabouraud medium. Fungi were identified using standard microbial procedures.

Results: Tests of air and walls revealed significant differences in mycological flora in depending on the place isolation (e.g. corridor, rooms, reading room, nurse, room, kitchen, dining room, bathroom) and season (summer, autumn, winter, spring). A significant increase in the fungi isolated from the air and walls in the social welfare home was found, depending on the season.

Conclusion: An increase in the fungi isolated from residents was found in relation to the season.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the psoriatic patient knowledge of the disease on the quality of life.

Material and methods: The study was carried out in 149 patients with psoriasis. All patients answered on anonymous questionnaire, in according to Psoriasis Disability Index (PDI).

Results: Almost 43% patients could not show any factor which provoked their disease, 31.5% could not tell any recommendations for cure and care of the psoriatic lesions and 32.2% patients could not point out any methods to avoid psoriatic lesions spread. Almost 60% of the group admitted that their quality of life fell because of the disease. At the same time, patients who did not have enough information concerning the disease had lower quality of life index.

Conclusions: The level of the disease knowledge in the patients with psoriasis influences their quality of live. Therefore it is indicated for the patiens and their families to be involved in the proper educational program.