Annals of Applied Biology最新文献

Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), recently renamed to Idaeovirus rubi, is one of the most common viruses infecting Rubus species worldwide but there is still a limited number of genome sequences available in the GenBank database and the majority of the sequences include partial sequences of RNA-1 and RNA-2. The distribution and incidence of RBDV in main raspberry and blackberry growing provinces in Turkey were monitored during 2015–2019 and 537 Rubus spp. samples were tested by both DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR. Among the tested samples, 36 samples tested positive for RBDV by DAS-ELISA and 67 samples by RT-PCR. There was relatively low nucleotide diversity among the Turkish isolates. Turkish isolates shared 93%–97.7%, 84.3%–98.9%, and 85%–99.2% nucleotide sequence identities with available sequences in the GenBank, in partial RNA-1, movement protein (MP) and coat protein (CP) genes, respectively. In the phylogenetic tree constructed for RNA-1, MP, and CP sequences, all Turkish raspberry isolates were clustered in a distinct clade. However, the blackberry isolates showed considerable variation in nucleotide sequences and were placed in three distinct groups. The divergent blackberry isolates showed high variability in MP (84.5%–89.3%) and CP (85.5%–89.7%) regions and were placed in a distinct group. The rest of blackberry isolates clustered together with sweet cherry RBDV isolates adjacent to the grapevine clade or together with raspberry isolates. The comparative analysis conducted on three RNA segments of RBDV highlighted the high sequence diversity of Turkish RBDV isolates. This study also emphasizes the importance of regular monitoring of RBDV infections in Turkey, with special regard to those Rubus spp. and grapevine accessions employed in conservation and selection programmes. In particular, the presence of new RBDV genetic variants and infection of Rubus species must be taken into account to choose a correct detection protocol and management strategy.

The 21st century has brought new challenges to the agri-food industry due to population growth, global warming, and greater public awareness of environmental issues. Ensuring global food security for future generations is crucial. However, pests, weeds, and diseases still significantly contribute to crop losses, and the availability of effective conventional synthetic pesticides is decreasing. To address this, new and diverse pest management tools are needed. One pest management tool showing potential for invertebrate pest management is the exploitation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)—in particular, the compounds 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone. This review aims to explore the extent to which 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone show potential in the future management of invertebrate crop and animal pests. A significant increase in the rate of publication of literature on the use of 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone in crop protection since 2018 is identified by this review, therefore, showing the potential importance of these compounds for use in future pest management. This review also identifies key interactions between naturally occurring biosynthesised 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone, and a range of invertebrate targets. Many of these interactions with key crop pests are sourced from the taxonomic families Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, and Trichomaceae. However, analysis of the practical application of these sources in an integrated pest management programme identifies clear limitations with the use of naturally occurring biosynthesised 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone. Rather, future focus should be placed on the development and exploitation of synthesised nature identical 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone for use as a biopesticide product. Overall, 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone show potential for exploitation in future crop protection, being abundant in source and diversity of invertebrate interactions. However, their use as a naturally occurring biosynthesised chemical is likely not practical for direct implementation in crop protection. Rather, focus should be placed on the development and exploitation of synthesised nature identical variants of these compounds for use as a biopesticide.

I hope that the title has caught your attention and perhaps intrigued you. Well, if you are an editor, you may well agree with most of my comments and most certainly have your own set of challenging issues. Thus, I hope you can read this and share your thoughts on social media or with your own editorials.

Am I complaining of being an editor? No, I am certainly not! This is one of the most enjoyable activities I took and despite all challenges that naturally are presented to me, most of the time it is good fun and rewarding. Taking part in the process of publishing someone else's work is terrific. When I see the finalized journal issue, I get—if possible—as excited as the authors, especially if their work is well received, commented, and seen by our scientific community. So, yes, I am totally happy as editor for Annals of Applied Biology.

I want to tell you a little bit more about Annals. In brief, it is a well-known journal with an excellent reputation within the scientific community, particularly among folks focusing broadly on agriculture. And it is not because one or another metric I affirm that. Annals (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/17447348) is a 109 years old journal, which published its first issue in May 1914 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/17447348/1914/1/1) opening with the editorial by Maxwell-Lefroy (see Maxwell-Lefroy, 1914; The Annals of Applied Biology—https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1914.tb05406.x). The Centenary was celebrated in 2014 and in the first issue of that year we included a historical view of the journal (Azevedo et al., 2014—https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12093). We revisited the work published and asked a few colleagues to write about some of the topics that left their mark in the journal in the previous 100 years and how they evolved, advanced. Our mission does not focus on metrics, numbers, or anything like that, but on the impact of what we publish. Annals is published by Wiley (https://www.Wiley.com/en-us), which is endorsing the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA). The overarching goal of DORA is to shift emphasis away from journal-based metrics, toward article level metrics and individual author contribution. This supports a broader, more equitable view of research impact. Moreover, Annals is owned by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB—https://www.aab.org.uk), a learned society and charity focused across many areas of Applied Biology. This partnership between AAB and Wiley has been very positive for the journal.

The COVID-19 pandemic was really something that shook the world and put us all to test in many different ways. What we easily noticed was a major increase in submissions during 2020–2021, followed by a reduction in 2022, while 2023 up to April is showing a similar trend to 2022. Was this a general trend, also observed for other journals? Perhaps, but what is really bothering me is that w

Turnip yellows virus (TuYV; previously known as beet western yellows virus) causes major diseases of Brassica species worldwide resulting in severe yield-losses in arable and vegetable crops. It has also been shown to reduce the quality of vegetables, particularly cabbage where it causes tip burn. Incidences of 100% have been recorded in commercial crops of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and vegetable crops (particularly Brassica oleracea) in Europe. This review summarises the known sources of resistance to TuYV in B. napus (AACC genome), Brassica rapa (AA genome) and B. oleracea (CC genome). It also proposes names for the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for the resistances, Turnip Yellows virus Resistance (TuYR), that have been mapped to at least the chromosome level in the different Brassica species. There is currently only one known source of resistance deployed commercially (TuYR1). This resistance is said to have originated in B. rapa and was introgressed into the A genome of oilseed rape via hybridisation with B. oleracea to produce allotetraploid (AACC) plants that were then backcrossed into oilseed rape. It has been utilised in the majority of known TuYV-resistant oilseed rape varieties. This has placed significant selection pressure for resistance-breaking mutations arising in TuYV. Further QTLs for resistance to TuYV (TuYR2-TuYR9) have been mapped in the genomes of B. napus, B. rapa and B. oleracea and are described here. QTLs from the latter two species have been introgressed into allotetraploid plants, providing for the first time, combined resistance from both the A and the C genomes for deployment in oilseed rape. Introgression of these new resistances into commercial oilseed rape and vegetable brassicas can be accelerated using the molecular markers that have been developed. The deployment of these resistances should lessen selection pressure for resistance-breaking isolates of TuYV and thereby prolong the effectiveness of each other and extant resistance.

Huanglongbing (HLB) is highly contagious and cannot be cured, resulting in a decrease in the commercial value of citrus. Timely detection and removal of diseased trees is an effective way to reduce losses. Complex symptoms of HLB, such as nutrient deficiencies often accompany HLB; as a result effective and accurate identification of HLB remains a challenge. In this study, 175 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in three categories (healthy, HLB, and Zn-deficiency) of samples using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS), highlighting the variability of VOCs present in different categories of samples. In order to simplify the testing steps and reduce the cost in practical agricultural production, a method based on electronic nose technology to collect VOCs from citrus leaves for HLB detection was proposed. Among them, limiting value features and linear discriminant analysis were identified as the best combination of feature extraction and pattern recognition methods. Multiple sets of comparison experiments were set up and the collection conditions of VOCs were optimized. The results showed that the best classification performance was achieved for a 0.2 g sample at a collection time of 20 min when the collection temperature was 40°C and the headspace volume was 200 mL. Four types of samples (healthy, HLB-positive, Zn-deficiency, Zn-deficiency and HLB-positive) were used for model reliability validation, with an accuracy of 97.79% for HLB samples for multiple symptoms (including HLB-positive and Zn-deficiency and HLB-positive) identification. In addition, the accuracy of samples with a combined effect of Zn-deficiency and HLB was 96.43%. The results show that the E-nose-based HLB detection method is conducive to suppressing the spread of HLB, which can ensure the quality of citrus products and reduce the economic loss to horticulturists, and has good practical value.

Growing small seedling tubers from true seed, comparable with mini tubers, in controlled conditions could be a method to multiply healthy starting material of potato. In indoor farming systems, the conditions can be optimised for high production. In field trials, it is impossible to investigate the effects of environmental factors such as temperature and light separately. In this study, we performed three climate room experiments in which the effects of light intensity, temperature and percentage of far-red light in the light spectrum on tuber production were assessed. We found that increasing the average temperature reduced tuber number and tuber weight. Increasing the diurnal temperature variation while keeping the average temperature equal resulted in increased tuber size. The light treatments on the other hand only affected the number of tubers per plant: increasing light intensity and increasing the percentage of far-red light in the spectrum enhanced the number of tubers. Moreover, interaction in tuber production between inbred lines and temperature was significant, with some inbred lines being relatively tolerant to high temperature. These findings will help breed for heat tolerant varieties and optimise growing conditions for tuber production in indoor farming systems.

The relationship between the productivity of crops of agricultural interest and their interactions with physicochemical soil properties is widely explored. However, there is still a gap concerning the contribution of biological soil attributes and especially the relationship between crop productivity and the structures of organism communities within the soil, such as the enchytraeids. This paper aimed to evaluate the diversity and structures of enchytraeids communities in subtropical soils and their relationship with soybean productivity and soil properties within a no-tillage system. This study was conducted in soybean growing grounds working under no-till farming systems in southern Brazil. Samples were collected according to ISO 23611-3 and extracted with the hot–wet methodology. The organisms were identified up to their genus level. Enchytraeids density increased with the increase of soybean productivity for both evaluated crops. Enchytraeus, Fridericia, and Hemienchytraeus were more abundant in high productivity and genus Achaeta was only found in the second crop and was not a sensitive indicator toward changes in soybean productivity. Regarding the relationship between the enchytraeid community and soil attributes, the variables clay, phosphorus, moisture contents, pH, Ca/Mg as well as carbon and nitrogen from soil and litter, affected Enchytraeidae distribution. Enchytreids showed significant correlations with soybean productivity in the no-tillage system for subtropical soils in Brazil, demonstrating potential bioindicators of soil quality and consequently of soybean productivity.

Drought is increasingly frequent in the context of climate change and is considered a major constraint for crop yield. Water scarcity can impair growth, disturb plant water relations and reduce water use efficiency. Pea (Pisum sativum) is a temperate grain legume rich in protein, fibre, micronutrients and bioactive compounds that can benefit human health. In reducing pea yield because of drought, the intensity and duration of stress are critical. This review describes several drought resistance mechanisms in pea based on morphology, physiology and biochemical changes during/after the water deficit period. Drought tolerance of pea can be managed by adopting strategies such as screening, breeding and marker-assisted selection. Therefore, various biotechnological approaches have led to the development of drought-tolerant pea cultivars. Finally, the main objective of the current research is to point out some useful traits for drought tolerance in peas and also, mention the methods that can be useful for future studies and breeding programmes.