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Occurrence of helminths in shrews and small rodents on territories transformed by reclamation. 鼩鼱和小型啮齿类动物在开垦改造后的领地上出现蠕虫。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17420/ap7001.517
Vladimir Vasilievich Shimalov

Shrews and small rodents inhabit the drainage channel banks in reclai med areas and have their own helminth complex. The aim of the study is to conduct the 3rd research period during 2015-2019 the helminth fauna of these animals living on the drainage channel banks of model reclamation systems in Brest Polesie (south-western part of Belarus), to establish the species composition of helminths and the animal infection by these, and to compare the data obtained with previous research periods. 4,000 trap-days were worked out. 151 specimens of shrews of 4 species and 510 small rodents of 8 species were caught. Animals were examined by the method of complete helminthological dissections. Their numbers were 3.78 and 12.75 individuals per 100 trap-days, and helminth infection was 94.7% and 65.9%, respectively. 66 helminth species were found in animals. The dominant helminth species in infection have been identified. The trematode Prosolecithus danubica Tkach et Bray, 1995 (definitive host: common shrew), the acanthocephalans Centhrorhynchus aluconis (Müller, 1780) (larval host: lesser shrew) and Moniliformis moniliformis (Bremser, 1811) (definitive host: striped field mouse) are new species of helminths for Belarus. New hosts in Belarus have been found for 6 helminth species. Shrews and small rodents are involved in the life cycles of bird, non-ruminant artiodactyl and carnivorous mammal helminths. Nine helminth species have significance for medicine and 7 species for veterinary science. The results are compared with data from the 1st (1996-1999) and 2nd (2005-2010) research periods.

鼩鼱和小型啮齿类动物栖息在开垦区的排水沟岸边,并拥有自己的螺旋体群。本研究的目的是在 2015-2019 年期间对生活在布列斯特波列谢(白俄罗斯西南部)示范开垦系统排水渠岸上的这些动物的螺旋体动物群进行第三次研究,确定螺旋体的种类组成和动物感染情况,并将获得的数据与之前的研究期进行比较。共进行了 4000 个诱捕日的工作。捕获了 4 个种类的 151 只鼩鼱标本和 8 个种类的 510 只小型啮齿动物标本。对动物进行了完整的螺旋体解剖检查。它们的数量分别为每 100 个诱捕日 3.78 只和 12.75 只,蠕虫感染率分别为 94.7% 和 65.9%。在动物体内发现了 66 种蠕虫。感染的主要蠕虫种类已经确定。颤形目 Prosolecithus danubica Tkach et Bray, 1995(最终宿主:普通鼩鼱)、棘头目 Centhrorhynchus aluconis (Müller, 1780)(幼虫宿主:小鼩鼱)和 Moniliformis moniliformis (Bremser, 1811)(最终宿主:条纹田鼠)是白俄罗斯的蠕虫新物种。在白俄罗斯发现了 6 种蠕虫的新宿主。鼩鼱和小型啮齿类动物参与了鸟类、非反刍动物和食肉哺乳动物蠕虫的生命周期。九种蠕虫对医学有重要意义,七种对兽医学有重要意义。研究结果与第一阶段(1996-1999 年)和第二阶段(2005-2010 年)的数据进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. contamination in university area. 大学地区的弓形虫和弓形虫污染。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17420/ap7002.527
Tahereh Fadaei, Jasem Saki, Reza Arjmand, Ali Jelowdar

Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. zoonotic infections may cause severe systemic and ocular illness in infected individuals. Cats play a significant role in environmental contamination and the transmission of parasites. The goal of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and Toxocara spp. infection among stray cats at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences campus. The current descriptive study began with the collection of 170 fresh cat faecal samples from various sites in the Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences area. Sheather's sugar flotation method was applied to all specimens, and parasites were identified and examined microscopically. Next, a nested-PCR assay, sequencing, and real-time PCR with high-resolution melting curve (HRM) analysis were performed. In this study, out of 170 cat faecal samples microscopically evaluated, 8 (4.70%) and 37 (21.76%) were infected with T. gondii oocysts and Toxocara eggs, respectively. Using nested PCR, 8 out of 170 samples (4.70%) were found to be infected with T. gondii. HRM analysis showed that all isolates could be classified into three genetic lineages. Considerable prevalence, exceeding 50% for Toxocara and surpassing 25% for Toxoplasma in certain instances, along with genetic diversity, was observed in the present study. Hence, it is suggested that all individuals, including kindergarten children, students, employees, workers, and pregnant women who are in contact with their surroundings, take the necessary precautions.

弓形虫和弓形虫属人畜共通感染可导致受感染者严重的全身性和眼部疾病。猫在环境污染和寄生虫传播中扮演着重要角色。本研究的目的是调查阿瓦士君迪沙普尔医科大学校园内流浪猫的弓形虫(T. gondii)和弓形虫感染率。本次描述性研究首先从阿瓦士-君迪沙普尔医科大学地区的不同地点收集了 170 份新鲜猫粪便样本。所有样本都采用了希瑟糖浮法,并在显微镜下对寄生虫进行了鉴定和检查。接着,进行了巢式 PCR 检测、测序和实时 PCR 与高分辨率熔解曲线 (HRM) 分析。在这项研究中,经显微镜评估的 170 份猫粪便样本中,分别有 8 份(4.70%)和 37 份(21.76%)感染了淋病双球菌卵囊和弓形虫卵。通过巢式 PCR 检测,发现 170 个样本中有 8 个(4.70%)感染了淋病双球菌。HRM 分析表明,所有分离物可分为三个基因系。本研究观察到弓形虫感染率相当高,在某些情况下超过 50%,弓形虫感染率超过 25%,同时还观察到遗传多样性。因此,建议包括幼儿园儿童、学生、雇员、工人和孕妇在内的所有与周围环境有接触的人采取必要的预防措施。
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引用次数: 0
Intestinal parasites in goats (Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758) in Bhaktapur, Nepal. 尼泊尔巴克塔普尔山羊(Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758)的肠道寄生虫。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17420/ap7001.518
Sonisha Prajapati, Janak Raj Subedi, Tirth Raj Ghimire

The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in goats of Suryabinayak Municipality, Bhaktapur, Nepal. A total of 300 faecal samples of goats were collected from the study area from July to August 2021 and subjected to direct smear, sedimentation, and flotation techniques for coprological examination. The study revealed that 86% of samples were positive for GI parasites with 15 genera, including six genera of protozoan, and nine genera of helminths. Age-dependent prevalence of helminth parasites was higher in adult goats (75%) than that young ones. Single infection was recorded 31.01%, double was 35.27%, and multiple was 33.72%. Training on goat rearing, proper management of goat farms, awareness on GI diseases, and their control can help the owners increase productivity.

本研究旨在确定尼泊尔巴克塔普尔苏里亚比纳亚克市山羊胃肠道寄生虫的流行情况。研究人员于 2021 年 7 月至 8 月在研究地区共采集了 300 份山羊粪便样本,并对样本进行了直接涂片、沉淀和浮选技术检查。研究显示,86%的样本中消化道寄生虫呈阳性,共有 15 个属,包括 6 个原生动物属和 9 个蠕虫属。成年山羊(75%)的蠕虫寄生虫感染率高于幼羊,这与年龄有关。单一感染率为 31.01%,双重感染率为 35.27%,多重感染率为 33.72%。山羊饲养培训、山羊饲养场的正确管理、对消化道疾病的认识以及对这些疾病的控制可以帮助羊场主提高生产率。
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引用次数: 0
Thubunaea acostai sp. nov. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) from the lizard Liolaemus gracielae (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) in Argentina. Thubunaea acostai sp. nov. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) from the lizard Liolaemus gracielae (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) in Argentina.
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17420/ap7002.529
Gabriel N Castillo, Cynthia J González-Rivas

Thubunaea acostai sp. nov. is described and illustrated here, based on specimens found in the digestive tract of Liolaemus gracielae in the province of San Juan, Argentina. The new species differs from all other species assigned to Thubunaea by the number of caudal papillae. Thubunaea acostai sp. nov. has 30-31 papillae (12 pedunculated and 18-19 sessile), differing from other Neotropical species such as Thubunaea eleodori with 26 papillae (12 pedunculated and 14 sessile) and Thubunaea parkeri with 20 papillae, all pedunculated. The new species represents the third species for the Neotropics and the second described for Argentina.

根据在阿根廷圣胡安省 Liolaemus gracielae 消化道中发现的标本,本文描述了 Thubunaea acostai sp.该新种与其他所有归入 Thubunaea 的物种的区别在于尾乳头的数量。Thubunaea acostai sp. nov.有30-31个乳突(12个有柄,18-19个无柄),不同于其他新热带物种,如Thubunaea eleodori有26个乳突(12个有柄,14个无柄),Thubunaea parkeri有20个乳突,均有柄。该新物种是新热带地区的第三个物种,也是阿根廷描述的第二个物种。
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引用次数: 0
Ectoparasites collected from dead bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in east-central Poland. 从波兰中东部的蝙蝠尸体上采集到的外寄生虫(蝙蝠科:Vespertilionidae)。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17420/ap7003.530
Rafał Gosik, Ilia Nekrutov, Jacek Chobotow

During routine inspections of 4 bat shelters in central-eastern Poland, 36 dead bats belonging to 6 species were found: Myotis daubentonii, M. nattereri, M. myotis, Nyctalus noctula, Plecotus auritus and Eptescius serotinus. In the laboratory, 298 arthropods from 15 taxa (57 insects and 241 mites) were collected from these bats, and their relationships with their hosts were analysed. The first probable record of I. ricinus feeding on P. auritus is published.

在对波兰中东部的 4 个蝙蝠栖息地进行例行检查时,发现了属于 6 个物种的 36 只蝙蝠尸体:这些蝙蝠包括:Myotis daubentonii、M. nattereri、M. myotis、Nyctalus noctula、Plecotus auritus 和 Eptescius serotinus。在实验室中,从这些蝙蝠身上采集了 15 个类群的 298 种节肢动物(57 种昆虫和 241 种螨类),并分析了它们与宿主的关系。首次发表了I. ricinus以P. auritus为食的可能记录。
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引用次数: 0
The double-sided effects of Mycobacterium Bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine on helminthic infections. 牛分枝杆菌卡介苗对蠕虫感染的双面影响。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.17420/ap6902.510
Tahereh Mikaeili Galeh, Behzad Bijani, Seyedeh Zahra Hashemi, Elham Kia lashaki, Samira Dodangeh
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), a live attenuated strain derived from an isolate of Mycobacterium bovis, is one of the childhood vaccinations widely used against tuberculosis (TB). In addition to its effects on mycobacterial diseases, the information has shown the protection effect of BCG in helminthic diseases. In the current review, the role of BCG vaccine in non-specific protection helminthic infection is reviewed. In human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), treatment with BCG enhances host's innate immune response against the parasite via the number and activation of monocytes. In cysticercosis, despite the enhancement of Th1-biased immune responses by coadministration of rcC1 plus BCG-DNA, the level of induced protection did not increase compared to immunization with rcC1 antigen alone. Also, pretreatment of mice with live BCG vaccine induced a high level of protection against subsequent parasite infection with Taenia taeniaeformis. The reduction of the parasite burden in mice infected with Mesocestoides corti that received two doses of BCG post-infection demonstrated the therapeutic effect of BCG. The protective potential of the schistosomula/BCG vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum in sheep study showed a reduction in the number of adult worms and mean faecal egg counts post-challenge. In trichinellosis, BCG can induce hyperplasia of the reticuloendothelial system and activation of macrophages in mice. Therefore, these data revealed that BCG vaccination can exert non-specific protective effects for the prevention of diseases other than tuberculosis. Medicinal doses of BCG may be considered a new approach to the treatment of helminth infections.
卡介苗(Bacillus Calmette-Guérin,简称 BCG)是一种从牛分枝杆菌分离株中提取的减毒活疫苗,是广泛用于预防结核病(TB)的儿童疫苗之一。除了对分枝杆菌疾病有作用外,卡介苗对蠕虫疾病也有保护作用。本综述回顾了卡介苗在非特异性保护蠕虫感染中的作用。在人类肺泡棘球蚴病(AE)中,卡介苗可通过单核细胞的数量和活化增强宿主对寄生虫的先天性免疫反应。在囊尾蚴病中,尽管联合使用rcC1和卡介苗DNA能增强Th1型免疫反应,但与单独使用rcC1抗原免疫相比,诱导的保护水平并没有提高。此外,用卡介苗活疫苗对小鼠进行预处理,也能对随后的疟原虫感染产生高水平的保护作用。小鼠感染中孢子虫后接种两剂卡介苗,可减少寄生虫负荷,这证明了卡介苗的治疗效果。在绵羊研究中,血吸虫/卡介苗对日本血吸虫的保护潜力显示,成虫数量和挑战后的平均粪卵数都有所减少。在旋毛虫病中,卡介苗可诱导小鼠网状内皮系统增生和巨噬细胞活化。因此,这些数据表明,接种卡介苗可发挥非特异性保护作用,预防结核病以外的其他疾病。药用剂量的卡介苗可被视为治疗蠕虫感染的一种新方法。
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引用次数: 0
In Memory of Professor Przemysław Myjak, MD, PhD. 纪念Przemysław Myjak教授,医学博士,博士。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-26
Beata Szostakowska
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引用次数: 0
Interactions between hard ticks (Ixodidae) and bacterial tick-borne pathogens. 硬蜱(硬蜱科)与蜱传细菌病原体之间的相互作用。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-25
Dorota Kiewra, Alicja Krysmann

In Europe, ticks are particularly important vectors of pathogens known as tick-borne pathogens (TBP). TBP can influence hosts, including domestic animals and humans as well as ticks. This review focuses on interactions between hard ticks and medically and veterinary significant bacterial pathogens i.e. Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., Anaplasma spp, and Rickettsia spp. The interactions between ticks and bacteria include among others the impact on gene expression and tick behaviour. Infection with TBP may influence tick salivary proteins and midgut receptors. Infection with B. burgdorferi s.l. changes the bahaviour of the tick allowing them for longer questing and increased mobility, while A. phagocytophilum increases survive in low temperatures by upregulating the expression of antifreeze glycoprotein (IAFGP). Whereas Rickettsia spp. increases ticks attraction towards the 900 MHz electromagnetic field.

在欧洲,蜱虫是被称为蜱传病原体(TBP)的病原体的特别重要的媒介。TBP可以影响宿主,包括家畜和人类以及蜱虫。这篇综述的重点是硬蜱与医学和兽医意义重大的细菌病原体,即伯氏疏螺旋体、无浆体和立克次体之间的相互作用。蜱与细菌之间的相互影响包括对基因表达和蜱行为的影响。感染TBP可能影响蜱唾液蛋白和中肠受体。感染B.burgdorferi s.l.会改变蜱的行为方式,使其能够进行更长时间的探索并增加活动能力,而嗜吞噬细胞A.通过上调防冻糖蛋白(IAFGP)的表达来增加其在低温下的生存能力。而立克次体增加了蜱虫对900MHz电磁场的吸引力。
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引用次数: 0
A worm in the toilet bowl! What does it tell us about the challenges in the identification of supposed human parasites in practical parasitology? 马桶里的虫子!它告诉我们在实际寄生虫学中识别所谓的人类寄生虫的挑战是什么?
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-25
Hudson A Pinto, João Rodrigo Campos, Larissa C M Gomes, Vinícius S Costa, Hyllo B Marcello Junior, Vitor Luís Tenório Mati

Non-parasitic vermiform organisms can circumstantially be associated with humans and their identification can be challenging for medical professionals. The present report describes the finding of a worm in the toilet bowl by a patient from Brazil, who thought he had expelled it in his feces. The gross analyses in a clinical laboratory reveal the worm was different from other macroscopic organisms routinely identified, and the laboratory staff requested assistance in an academic laboratory specialized in helminthology. After preliminary analysis in a stereomicroscope, the supposed human worm was identified as an oligochaete annelid (earthworm). The patient was contacted to investigate a possible case of pseudoparasitism. However, we were informed that the organism had been collected in a toilet bowl from a rural environment where the untreated water comes from a cistern indicating our finding was circumstantial. The methodology revisited herein allowed a quick microscopic analysis of easy-to-view morphological structures, which are useful to separate oligochaete annelids from helminths and can prevent misdiagnosis in similar situations. We discuss the overly restricted view on human parasites by health professionals in collecting clinical history and laboratory analysis, providing some epistemological insights on the necessary interdisciplinarity between parasitology and other basic knowledge with health practice.

非寄生蠕虫状生物可能与人类间接相关,对医学专业人员来说,识别它们可能具有挑战性。本报告描述了一名来自巴西的患者在抽水马桶中发现一条蠕虫,他认为这条蠕虫是从粪便中排出的。临床实验室的大体分析表明,这种蠕虫与常规鉴定的其他宏观生物不同,实验室工作人员请求在专门研究蠕虫病的学术实验室提供帮助。在立体显微镜下进行初步分析后,推测的人类蠕虫被鉴定为寡毛环节动物(蚯蚓)。联系患者以调查一个可能的假寄生病例。然而,我们被告知,该生物体是从农村环境的抽水马桶中收集的,未经处理的水来自蓄水池,这表明我们的发现是间接的。本文重新探讨的方法允许对易于观察的形态结构进行快速显微镜分析,这有助于将寡毛环节动物与蠕虫分离,并可以防止类似情况下的误诊。我们讨论了卫生专业人员在收集临床史和实验室分析中对人类寄生虫的过度限制,为寄生虫学和其他基础知识与卫生实践之间必要的跨学科性提供了一些认识论见解。
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引用次数: 0
Global status of intestinal parasitic infections among diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 糖尿病患者肠道寄生虫感染的全球状况:一项系统综述和荟萃分析。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-25
Mostafa Tork, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Maryam Hatami Nejad, Mahdi Fakhar, Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh, Ahmad Daryani, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Shirzad Gholami

Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) have been identified as a disease agent responsible for infections in immunocompromised patients such as diabetics. We searched six electronic databases and reviewed 38 related studies using the following keywords alone or in combination: "intestinal parasites", "diabetes", "immunocompromised", "prevalence", and "human."  The pooled prevalence of IPIs in diabetic patients was 24.4% worldwide. These patients with IPIs are advised to go to health centers and perform the relevant checkups with the advent of the first symptoms of the disease, such as diarrhea and abdominal pain. Moreover, early diagnosis and treatment of IPIs in diabetic patients are highly recommended to maintain quality of life.

肠道寄生虫感染(IPIs)已被确定为免疫功能低下患者(如糖尿病患者)感染的病原体。我们搜索了六个电子数据库,并使用以下关键词单独或组合审查了38项相关研究:“肠道寄生虫”、“糖尿病”、“免疫功能低下”、“患病率”和“人类”。糖尿病患者IPI的综合患病率为24.4%。建议这些IPIs患者在出现腹泻和腹痛等疾病的最初症状时前往健康中心进行相关检查。此外,强烈建议糖尿病患者早期诊断和治疗IPIs,以保持生活质量。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Annals of parasitology
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