Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000444
Odong Po, Chukwu Gu, I. IjehBoniface, U. Rb
This study focused on detecting the distribution and presence of Iron and hydrogen sulphide in the exploited groundwater of Obubra to assess its quality for drinking and other domestic purposes. Groundwater samples were collected from fifteen different locations. The samples were analyzed and results show that more than eighty five percent of the exploited groundwater is below NDWQS/WHO standard. The wide distribution of Iron and hydrogen sulphide in the groundwater could be attributed to the subsurface geology. However, results show that groundwater samples of S1 and S9 meet the NDWQS/WHO standard. Coincidentally, S1 and S9 have the highest elevation in the study area. Sample 4 (S4) with concentration of 25.8 mg/l has the highest iron concentration in the area. Though, sample 11 (S11) was collected from an artesian well, it did not meet the required standard for drinking. Most of the groundwater has objectionable taste and odour. In most of the areas, the Iron concentration of groundwater indicates that the water will not be suitable for laundry.
{"title":"Spatial Distribution of Iron (Fe2+) and Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) in Exploited Groundwater of Obubra, South Eastern Nigeria","authors":"Odong Po, Chukwu Gu, I. IjehBoniface, U. Rb","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000444","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on detecting the distribution and presence of Iron and hydrogen sulphide in the exploited groundwater of Obubra to assess its quality for drinking and other domestic purposes. Groundwater samples were collected from fifteen different locations. The samples were analyzed and results show that more than eighty five percent of the exploited groundwater is below NDWQS/WHO standard. The wide distribution of Iron and hydrogen sulphide in the groundwater could be attributed to the subsurface geology. However, results show that groundwater samples of S1 and S9 meet the NDWQS/WHO standard. Coincidentally, S1 and S9 have the highest elevation in the study area. Sample 4 (S4) with concentration of 25.8 mg/l has the highest iron concentration in the area. Though, sample 11 (S11) was collected from an artesian well, it did not meet the required standard for drinking. Most of the groundwater has objectionable taste and odour. In most of the areas, the Iron concentration of groundwater indicates that the water will not be suitable for laundry.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88188038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000e124
C. Hauer
Volume 7 • Issue 2 • 1000e124 J Geol Geophys, an open access journal ISSN: 2381-8719 *Corresponding author: Hauer C, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sediment Research and Management, Institute of Water Management, Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria, Tel: 0043 1 3189900 112; E-mail: christoph.hauer@boku.ac.at
*通讯作者:Hauer C, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sediment Research and Management，水管理研究所，水文与水利工程，水、大气与环境系，自然资源与生命科学大学，维也纳，Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria, Tel: 0043 1 3189900 112;电子邮件:christoph.hauer@boku.ac.at
{"title":"Integrative Methods and Technologies in Geophysical Research and Management","authors":"C. Hauer","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000e124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000e124","url":null,"abstract":"Volume 7 • Issue 2 • 1000e124 J Geol Geophys, an open access journal ISSN: 2381-8719 *Corresponding author: Hauer C, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sediment Research and Management, Institute of Water Management, Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria, Tel: 0043 1 3189900 112; E-mail: christoph.hauer@boku.ac.at","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"191 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72813918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000452
Emudianughe Je, Ogagarue Do
Pore Pressure Prediction (PPP) has been proven to be more difficult in basins like the Niger Delta where the subsurface pressure system is complex. Failure of PPP practioners to recognize lateral and vertical variations of formation pressure even within the immediate vicinity of local geology had led to greater uncertainty and safety threat in drilling activities. Hence; this work attempted to investigate subsurface pressure pattern in Ada field, on Onshore Niger Delta depositional belt. Wireling logs, mud weights and reservoir pressures from four wells were analysed for this purpose. The overpressure in field is seen to be mild, i.e. below 0.5 psi/ft but it exceeded 0.6 psi/ft at depth ~12000 ft TVDml with overpressure magnitude of 1682 psi. The study revealed the effect of hydrocarbon production in the field as indicated by drained reservoir pressures. The field is seen to have high net-to-gross ratio as it is common with wells that penetrate the Benin Formation. Result shows that reservoir pressures and that of adjacent shales are not equilibrium hence; caution must be taken when using any offset well as a proxy to pore pressure calculation in the studied area. With is information, it will be easier for PPP experts to estimate pore pressures accurately in these intervals and prevent the risk of drilling dry holes in future exploration activities in the area.
事实证明，在像尼日尔三角洲这样地下压力系统复杂的盆地，孔隙压力预测(PPP)更加困难。PPP从业者未能认识到地层压力的横向和垂直变化，即使是在邻近的当地地质环境中，也会导致钻井活动的不确定性和安全威胁。因此;本工作旨在研究尼日尔三角洲沉积带Ada油田的地下压力分布。为此，研究人员分析了4口井的测井曲线、泥浆比重和油藏压力。现场超压较轻，低于0.5 psi/ft，但在深度约12000 ft TVDml处超压超过0.6 psi/ft，超压量级为1682 psi。该研究揭示了油藏排干压力对油田油气生产的影响。该油田被认为具有很高的净毛比，因为它与穿透Benin地层的井很常见。结果表明，储层压力与邻近页岩压力不平衡;当使用邻井作为研究区域孔隙压力计算的代理时，必须谨慎。有了这些信息，PPP专家将更容易准确地估计这些层段的孔隙压力，并防止该地区未来勘探活动中钻干孔的风险。
{"title":"Investigating the Subsurface Pressure Regime of Ada-field in Onshore Niger Delta Basin Nigeria","authors":"Emudianughe Je, Ogagarue Do","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000452","url":null,"abstract":"Pore Pressure Prediction (PPP) has been proven to be more difficult in basins like the Niger Delta where the subsurface pressure system is complex. Failure of PPP practioners to recognize lateral and vertical variations of formation pressure even within the immediate vicinity of local geology had led to greater uncertainty and safety threat in drilling activities. Hence; this work attempted to investigate subsurface pressure pattern in Ada field, on Onshore Niger Delta depositional belt. Wireling logs, mud weights and reservoir pressures from four wells were analysed for this purpose. The overpressure in field is seen to be mild, i.e. below 0.5 psi/ft but it exceeded 0.6 psi/ft at depth ~12000 ft TVDml with overpressure magnitude of 1682 psi. The study revealed the effect of hydrocarbon production in the field as indicated by drained reservoir pressures. The field is seen to have high net-to-gross ratio as it is common with wells that penetrate the Benin Formation. Result shows that reservoir pressures and that of adjacent shales are not equilibrium hence; caution must be taken when using any offset well as a proxy to pore pressure calculation in the studied area. With is information, it will be easier for PPP experts to estimate pore pressures accurately in these intervals and prevent the risk of drilling dry holes in future exploration activities in the area.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82536978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000339
Alireza Sepasdar, A. Zamani, A. Zamai, K. Yazdjerdi, M. Poorkermani, M. Ghorashi
The Zagros Orogenic Belt of Iran accommodates roughly one third of 25mm -1 north – south convergence between the Arabian and Eurasia plates. There is a strong belief that due to the presence of incompetent layers at the base or within the sedimentary covers, earthquake faults in the Zagros Orogenic Belt of Iran do not intersect the Earth’s surface. Geological field works and tracking of the mining pollution indicators have revealed that contrary to what was widely believed before cosciesmic faults of the moderate – sized ( up to M W 5-6 ) earthquakes in this region extend to the Earth’s surface provided, They have sufficient system energy to power rupture propagation. It seems that lack of coseismic surface rupture in the Zagros Orogenic Belt is due to insufficient strain energy released during smaller events.
{"title":"Controversy Coseismic Surface Faulting in the Zagros Orogenic Belt of Iran: Evidence from Tracking the Mining Pollution Indicators","authors":"Alireza Sepasdar, A. Zamani, A. Zamai, K. Yazdjerdi, M. Poorkermani, M. Ghorashi","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000339","url":null,"abstract":"The Zagros Orogenic Belt of Iran accommodates roughly one third of 25mm -1 north – south convergence between the Arabian and Eurasia plates. There is a strong belief that due to the presence of incompetent layers at the base or within the sedimentary covers, earthquake faults in the Zagros Orogenic Belt of Iran do not intersect the Earth’s surface. Geological field works and tracking of the mining pollution indicators have revealed that contrary to what was widely believed before cosciesmic faults of the moderate – sized ( up to M W 5-6 ) earthquakes in this region extend to the Earth’s surface provided, They have sufficient system energy to power rupture propagation. It seems that lack of coseismic surface rupture in the Zagros Orogenic Belt is due to insufficient strain energy released during smaller events.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"79 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79328120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000448
Missimer Tm, L. Om
Accurate measurements of porosity in unlithified sediments have long been difficult and subject to errors caused by inconsistent compaction in various laboratory methods. Two different methods, volumetric saturation and bulk density comparison, were used to measure the total porosity of 100 samples of well-sorted beach and dune sands. Five replicate measurements were made to determine the comparative precision and accuracy found within the two methods and how they compare to each other. The standard deviation of the 100 samples with 5 replicate measurements for the volumetric saturation measurement was 0.004 and with the bulk density comparative method was 0.003. Comparison of the total porosity measurements made using the different methods allows a determination to be made to ascertain if the sample meets the condition of monomineralic composition (close to 100% quartz sand) for accurate measurement using the bulk density comparison method. The comparative error maximum was set at 3% which resulted in 91 of the 100 samples meeting this criterion. A comparison of total porosity measurements of the 91 samples showed a mean error of 0.0638% which demonstrates the usefulness of using the two methods together to allow accurate measurement to be made and verified. Laboratory Measurement of Total Porosity in Unconsolidated Quartz Sand by Two Integrated Methods
{"title":"Laboratory Measurement of Total Porosity in Unconsolidated Quartz Sand by Two Integrated Methods","authors":"Missimer Tm, L. Om","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000448","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate measurements of porosity in unlithified sediments have long been difficult and subject to errors caused by inconsistent compaction in various laboratory methods. Two different methods, volumetric saturation and bulk density comparison, were used to measure the total porosity of 100 samples of well-sorted beach and dune sands. Five replicate measurements were made to determine the comparative precision and accuracy found within the two methods and how they compare to each other. The standard deviation of the 100 samples with 5 replicate measurements for the volumetric saturation measurement was 0.004 and with the bulk density comparative method was 0.003. Comparison of the total porosity measurements made using the different methods allows a determination to be made to ascertain if the sample meets the condition of monomineralic composition (close to 100% quartz sand) for accurate measurement using the bulk density comparison method. The comparative error maximum was set at 3% which resulted in 91 of the 100 samples meeting this criterion. A comparison of total porosity measurements of the 91 samples showed a mean error of 0.0638% which demonstrates the usefulness of using the two methods together to allow accurate measurement to be made and verified. Laboratory Measurement of Total Porosity in Unconsolidated Quartz Sand by Two Integrated Methods","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78841569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000450
L. A. Salih
This research is carried out mainly to study the geotechnical properties of the compressed earth block which is produce from Injana’s soil samples which were collected from three different locations near Kirkuk governorate. The local soils were blended to make a good soil mixture of gravel 0.09 percent, sand 82 percent and 17.43 percent of fine grain particles for manufacturing compressed earth blocks. The wet soil mixture compacted manually by manual press which is globally known as CINVA-RAM exerting high pressure estimated by 17.2 MPA to produce all soil blocks. Then the blocks were cured for 28 days and tested for unconfined compressive strength and moisture content. Based on the results, it was concluded that the compressive strength increases as the moisture content decrease, in the sense that it is increases as the age of blocks increases, where the highest compressive strength is recorded (55.5) MPA after 28 days of curing. The Unconfined Compressive Strength Properties of the Compressed Stabilized Earth Block
{"title":"The Unconfined Compressive Strength Properties of the Compressed Stabilized Earth Block","authors":"L. A. Salih","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000450","url":null,"abstract":"This research is carried out mainly to study the geotechnical properties of the compressed earth block which is produce from Injana’s soil samples which were collected from three different locations near Kirkuk governorate. The local soils were blended to make a good soil mixture of gravel 0.09 percent, sand 82 percent and 17.43 percent of fine grain particles for manufacturing compressed earth blocks. The wet soil mixture compacted manually by manual press which is globally known as CINVA-RAM exerting high pressure estimated by 17.2 MPA to produce all soil blocks. Then the blocks were cured for 28 days and tested for unconfined compressive strength and moisture content. Based on the results, it was concluded that the compressive strength increases as the moisture content decrease, in the sense that it is increases as the age of blocks increases, where the highest compressive strength is recorded (55.5) MPA after 28 days of curing. The Unconfined Compressive Strength Properties of the Compressed Stabilized Earth Block","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79783977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000446
L. Alvarez, A. M. Rodríguez, O’Leary Gonzalez, Bladimir Moreno, A. Cabrera
After 9 years without significant earthquakes’ occurrence in the Nicaraguan Depression, in the period 2014-2016 have occurred 2 events with magnitude bigger than 6 and several with magnitude bigger than 5 together with a lot of less magnitude events. In this work an analysis of spatial-temporal behaviour of every cluster has been provided, including epicentres’ relocation and time history analysis of slip in the focus for earthquake of April 10th, 2014. Additionally there have been determined the moment tensors of bigger earthquakes inside every cluster. The earthquakes held toward the centre of the depression align along NE-SW trending faults and show predominantly left lateral strike-slip movement, while the ones in the inner border align N-S and show a normal mechanism behaviour. Based in obtained results, summing the data of moment tensors of past earthquakes from global databases, and with the consideration of other evidences about geology and tectonics of the study area, it is provided a seismotectonic interpretation of those results as a proposal of a seismotectonic model for Nicaraguan Depression. The proposal includes Mmax estimations and criteria about the more probable foci of future middle size earthquakes in the Nicaraguan Depression. Seismotectonics of the Nicaraguan Depression from Recent Seismicity
{"title":"Seismotectonics of the Nicaraguan Depression from Recent Seismicity","authors":"L. Alvarez, A. M. Rodríguez, O’Leary Gonzalez, Bladimir Moreno, A. Cabrera","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000446","url":null,"abstract":"After 9 years without significant earthquakes’ occurrence in the Nicaraguan Depression, in the period 2014-2016 have occurred 2 events with magnitude bigger than 6 and several with magnitude bigger than 5 together with a lot of less magnitude events. In this work an analysis of spatial-temporal behaviour of every cluster has been provided, including epicentres’ relocation and time history analysis of slip in the focus for earthquake of April 10th, 2014. Additionally there have been determined the moment tensors of bigger earthquakes inside every cluster. The earthquakes held toward the centre of the depression align along NE-SW trending faults and show predominantly left lateral strike-slip movement, while the ones in the inner border align N-S and show a normal mechanism behaviour. Based in obtained results, summing the data of moment tensors of past earthquakes from global databases, and with the consideration of other evidences about geology and tectonics of the study area, it is provided a seismotectonic interpretation of those results as a proposal of a seismotectonic model for Nicaraguan Depression. The proposal includes Mmax estimations and criteria about the more probable foci of future middle size earthquakes in the Nicaraguan Depression. Seismotectonics of the Nicaraguan Depression from Recent Seismicity","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87960057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000451
T. E.M, A. Yoshikawa, T. Uozumi
Recent research has introduced some evidences referring to a possible connection between the variation in geomagnetic field measurements and seismic activities. Thus, the present study focuses on a certain seismic activity that occurred at the northern part of Honshu Island, Japan to find out its impact on the diurnal geomagnetic variations recorded at this region. The study of variability of daily geomagnetic variations amplitude at the northern part of Honshu Island; which is characterized by high seismic activities has introduced motivating results. Data analysis and processing indicate the presence of an unusual change in the diurnal variations amplitude in association with earthquake activity occurred on 24 March 2008 at the studied area. A remarkable anomalous behavior in the diurnal variations amplitude of the East-West horizontal geomagnetic component (D-component) was detected in the vicinity of the epicenter at the Tohno station compared with those recorded at the Kakioka geomagnetic observatory and other remote reference stations. This anomalous behavior is observed only during the day of the studied seismic event, which suggests a possible connection between the earthquake occurrence and the change of diurnal variations range. Moreover, since there were no significant external geomagnetic changes during the occurrence of earthquake as revealed from the Dst and Kp indices, the observed anomalous variability in the diurnal geomagnetic variations range of D-component can be considered as anomalous phenomenon linked with the studied seismic activity. Such anomalous phenomenon can be used for constructing earthquake warning systems.
{"title":"A Possible Influence of Seismic Activity on Diurnal Geomagnetic Variations","authors":"T. E.M, A. Yoshikawa, T. Uozumi","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000451","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has introduced some evidences referring to a possible connection between the variation in geomagnetic field measurements and seismic activities. Thus, the present study focuses on a certain seismic activity that occurred at the northern part of Honshu Island, Japan to find out its impact on the diurnal geomagnetic variations recorded at this region. The study of variability of daily geomagnetic variations amplitude at the northern part of Honshu Island; which is characterized by high seismic activities has introduced motivating results. Data analysis and processing indicate the presence of an unusual change in the diurnal variations amplitude in association with earthquake activity occurred on 24 March 2008 at the studied area. A remarkable anomalous behavior in the diurnal variations amplitude of the East-West horizontal geomagnetic component (D-component) was detected in the vicinity of the epicenter at the Tohno station compared with those recorded at the Kakioka geomagnetic observatory and other remote reference stations. This anomalous behavior is observed only during the day of the studied seismic event, which suggests a possible connection between the earthquake occurrence and the change of diurnal variations range. Moreover, since there were no significant external geomagnetic changes during the occurrence of earthquake as revealed from the Dst and Kp indices, the observed anomalous variability in the diurnal geomagnetic variations range of D-component can be considered as anomalous phenomenon linked with the studied seismic activity. Such anomalous phenomenon can be used for constructing earthquake warning systems.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"46 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80456258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000342
G. Donati
The electrons spread over nuclei, the Earth rotates on its axis and completes its revolution around the Sun, and the Solar System goes around the Galaxy center, with speeds in between 1.700. And 800.000 km/h, but we have no perception of these movements. Instead we can measure and feel, every day the Earth vibrate under our feet and here we assume that the cause of the astronomic and local phenomena is the same. The Earth is our home but we have not yet completely discovered the secrets it hides under its 100 km of crust and we do not know and cannot predict why, where and when it starts to quake. Our vision of gravity, derived from the analysis of the nuclear structure and used to understand the phenomena underlying the motion of the Earth and of the Galaxy, can be applied to explain why the Earth quakes. We hope that this new idea could be used, in future studies, by geologists and seismologists to predict where and when the next disruptive earthquake will occur.
{"title":"Why the Earth Quakes","authors":"G. Donati","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000342","url":null,"abstract":"The electrons spread over nuclei, the Earth rotates on its axis and completes its revolution around the Sun, and the Solar System goes around the Galaxy center, with speeds in between 1.700. And 800.000 km/h, but we have no perception of these movements. Instead we can measure and feel, every day the Earth vibrate under our feet and here we assume that the cause of the astronomic and local phenomena is the same. The Earth is our home but we have not yet completely discovered the secrets it hides under its 100 km of crust and we do not know and cannot predict why, where and when it starts to quake. Our vision of gravity, derived from the analysis of the nuclear structure and used to understand the phenomena underlying the motion of the Earth and of the Galaxy, can be applied to explain why the Earth quakes. We hope that this new idea could be used, in future studies, by geologists and seismologists to predict where and when the next disruptive earthquake will occur.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"775 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82912999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000340
A. Iic, Igboekwe Mu, U. Ikechi
Seismic refraction method has been used to map the near surface geological features in parts of the Oru Area. Ten seismic refraction profiles were surveyed within the Area. The instruments used were a 10 kg sledge hammer, Mark 6 digital 12-channel seismograph, Reflexw software was used to process the seismic data. A GPS system was used to obtain the co-ordinates of the profiles. Surfer 11 software was used to produce contours of the seismic velocities within the study Area. This research has established that the distribution of p-wave velocities within the subsurface of this area show a general increase of velocity with depth and velocity varying from 400 m/s to 770 m/s for the weathered layer. The thickness of the weathered layer is on the average 20.4 m. Field mapping shows that the Northern part of the study area rests on Ogwashi-Asaba formation. The area has mudstone, claystone, gritty claystone, carboniferous mudstone, massive sandstone facies whereas Benin formation is found to the southwest from Mgbidi. And also clay deposits are found within the boundary between the weathered layer and the consolidated layer. This research shows the presence of shallow and deep seated aquifers within the area. There are traces or channels of less dense materials which may be conduits for fluid movement within the consolidated layer. These channels suggest a defect in engineering capacity of this layer. Hence cutting and filling may be adopted even at great depths in the study area for the purpose of infrastructural development. The clay deposits within the Area can be exploited for industrial purposes. Also discovered in this research is a Batholitic structure along Nempi-Ibiasoegbe which permits the possibility of quarrying for crushed rocks along the section.
{"title":"Geophysical Study of the Weathered and Near Surface Zone in Parts of Oru Area, Imo State Nigeria Using Seismic Refraction Method","authors":"A. Iic, Igboekwe Mu, U. Ikechi","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000340","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic refraction method has been used to map the near surface geological features in parts of the Oru Area. Ten seismic refraction profiles were surveyed within the Area. The instruments used were a 10 kg sledge hammer, Mark 6 digital 12-channel seismograph, Reflexw software was used to process the seismic data. A GPS system was used to obtain the co-ordinates of the profiles. Surfer 11 software was used to produce contours of the seismic velocities within the study Area. This research has established that the distribution of p-wave velocities within the subsurface of this area show a general increase of velocity with depth and velocity varying from 400 m/s to 770 m/s for the weathered layer. The thickness of the weathered layer is on the average 20.4 m. Field mapping shows that the Northern part of the study area rests on Ogwashi-Asaba formation. The area has mudstone, claystone, gritty claystone, carboniferous mudstone, massive sandstone facies whereas Benin formation is found to the southwest from Mgbidi. And also clay deposits are found within the boundary between the weathered layer and the consolidated layer. This research shows the presence of shallow and deep seated aquifers within the area. There are traces or channels of less dense materials which may be conduits for fluid movement within the consolidated layer. These channels suggest a defect in engineering capacity of this layer. Hence cutting and filling may be adopted even at great depths in the study area for the purpose of infrastructural development. The clay deposits within the Area can be exploited for industrial purposes. Also discovered in this research is a Batholitic structure along Nempi-Ibiasoegbe which permits the possibility of quarrying for crushed rocks along the section.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"103 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85927087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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