Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000456
Reda El Gammal Mh, H. Orabi
This study is the first one on accurate identification of the planktonic foraminiferal biozones of the Duwi Formation and no similar study was carried out before. About 70 m thick complete succession of Coniacian-Late Campanian of the Duwi Formation at Gabal Duwi Range, Red Sea Coast, were completely examined and the following biozones have been recognized and correlated to the world bioevent; Dicarinella concavata Zone (Coniacian), Dicarinella asymetrica Zone (Santonian), where the two zones are correlated to the Coniacian–Santonian time interval of Oceanic Anoxic Event 3 (OAE 3), Globotruncanita elevate Zone (Early Campanian), which correlated to the Santonian/Campanian Boundary Event (SCBE), Contusotruncana plummerae Zone (Middle Campanian) which correlated with the Mid Campanian Event (MCE), Radotruncana calcarata Zone and Globotruncana aegyptiaca Zone (Late Campanian) of the Late Campanian Event (LCE).
{"title":"Coniacian-late Campanian Planktonic Events in the Duwi Formation, Red Sea Region, Egypt","authors":"Reda El Gammal Mh, H. Orabi","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000456","url":null,"abstract":"This study is the first one on accurate identification of the planktonic foraminiferal biozones of the Duwi Formation and no similar study was carried out before. About 70 m thick complete succession of Coniacian-Late Campanian of the Duwi Formation at Gabal Duwi Range, Red Sea Coast, were completely examined and the following biozones have been recognized and correlated to the world bioevent; Dicarinella concavata Zone (Coniacian), Dicarinella asymetrica Zone (Santonian), where the two zones are correlated to the Coniacian–Santonian time interval of Oceanic Anoxic Event 3 (OAE 3), Globotruncanita elevate Zone (Early Campanian), which correlated to the Santonian/Campanian Boundary Event (SCBE), Contusotruncana plummerae Zone (Middle Campanian) which correlated with the Mid Campanian Event (MCE), Radotruncana calcarata Zone and Globotruncana aegyptiaca Zone (Late Campanian) of the Late Campanian Event (LCE).","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84767230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2381-8719.19.8.463
Ogbahon Oa, Fola-Dara Ao, Enweliku Ds
Palynological study of 50 ditch samples from a segment of GBO-04 well located onshore western Niger Delta Basin was carried out determine the age of the sediment and reconstruct the paleoclimate and paleodepositional environments. All the analyzed samples were composited at 60 ft. from stratigraphic depth interval of 3010 to 6030 ft. The lithology was made of shale and friable sandstone. Palynological slides were prepared following standard palynological preparation procedure involving sample maceration with hydrochloric (HCl) and hydrofluoric (HF) acids. The samples yielded well preserved, moderately diversified palynomorph assemblages comprising 72 taxa and belonging to pollen, spores, dinoflagellates, acritarch, algae and fungi spores. The stratigraphic distribution of floristic assemblage was highly variable. The assemblage was dominated by pollen and spores. The pollen included Monoporites annulatus, Brevicolporites guinetii, Sapotaceoidaepollenites spp., Psilatricolporites crassus, Psilatricolporites spp., Zonocostites ramonae, Retitricolporites irregularis, Monocolpites marginatus, Monocolpites spp., Pachydermites diederixi, Proxapertites cursus, Verrutricolporites spp., Ctenolophonidites spp., Arecipites exilimuratus, Arecipites cf. crassimuratus, Striatricolporites catatumbus, Canthiumidites spp., Chenopodiacaea spp., Clavainaperturites clavatus, Crototricolporites crotonoisculptus, Echiperiporites icacinoides, Echiperiporites spp. and Inaperturopollenites spp. The retrieved spores included Magnastriatites howardi, Acrostichum aureum, Laevigatosporites spp., Polypodiaceoisporites spp., Verrucatosporites spp., Crassoratitriletes vanraadshooveni and Verrucatosporites usmensis, Charred graminae curticle, Cyathidites spp. and Foveotriletes margaritae. The dinoflagellates included Achmosphaera spp., Andulusiella polymorpha, Batiacasphaera spp., Selenopemphix nephroides and Spiniferites spp. Leiosphaeridia spp. was the only acritarch recovered in the assemblage. The algae were Botryococcus braunii and Pediastrum spp. Fungi spores and hyphae and charred curticle constituted minor components of the assemblage. The stratigraphic interval was dated Early Miocene (Burgidalian-Langhian) based on the occurrence and distribution of Pachydmies diederixi, Praedopollis flexibilies, Crassoretitrilete vanraadshoodveni, Psilatricolporites crassus and Laevigasporites spp. The abundant occurrence of pollen and spores typical of low land rain forest in the assemblage indicated tropical paleoclimatic conditions. The distribution pattern of Monoporites annulatus (Poaceae) and Zonocostites ramonae (Rhizophora) suggested cyclical fluctuations of paleoclimate between wetter and drier phases. The sediments were laid down in lagoons, delta swamps and shallow marine nearshore paleoenvironments.
{"title":"Palynostratigraphy, Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironment of a Segment of GBO-04 Well, Onshore Western Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria","authors":"Ogbahon Oa, Fola-Dara Ao, Enweliku Ds","doi":"10.35248/2381-8719.19.8.463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2381-8719.19.8.463","url":null,"abstract":"Palynological study of 50 ditch samples from a segment of GBO-04 well located onshore western Niger Delta Basin was carried out determine the age of the sediment and reconstruct the paleoclimate and paleodepositional environments. All the analyzed samples were composited at 60 ft. from stratigraphic depth interval of 3010 to 6030 ft. The lithology was made of shale and friable sandstone. Palynological slides were prepared following standard palynological preparation procedure involving sample maceration with hydrochloric (HCl) and hydrofluoric (HF) acids. The samples yielded well preserved, moderately diversified palynomorph assemblages comprising 72 taxa and belonging to pollen, spores, dinoflagellates, acritarch, algae and fungi spores. The stratigraphic distribution of floristic assemblage was highly variable. The assemblage was dominated by pollen and spores. The pollen included Monoporites annulatus, Brevicolporites guinetii, Sapotaceoidaepollenites spp., Psilatricolporites crassus, Psilatricolporites spp., Zonocostites ramonae, Retitricolporites irregularis, Monocolpites marginatus, Monocolpites spp., Pachydermites diederixi, Proxapertites cursus, Verrutricolporites spp., Ctenolophonidites spp., Arecipites exilimuratus, Arecipites cf. crassimuratus, Striatricolporites catatumbus, Canthiumidites spp., Chenopodiacaea spp., Clavainaperturites clavatus, Crototricolporites crotonoisculptus, Echiperiporites icacinoides, Echiperiporites spp. and Inaperturopollenites spp. The retrieved spores included Magnastriatites howardi, Acrostichum aureum, Laevigatosporites spp., Polypodiaceoisporites spp., Verrucatosporites spp., Crassoratitriletes vanraadshooveni and Verrucatosporites usmensis, Charred graminae curticle, Cyathidites spp. and Foveotriletes margaritae. The dinoflagellates included Achmosphaera spp., Andulusiella polymorpha, Batiacasphaera spp., Selenopemphix nephroides and Spiniferites spp. Leiosphaeridia spp. was the only acritarch recovered in the assemblage. The algae were Botryococcus braunii and Pediastrum spp. Fungi spores and hyphae and charred curticle constituted minor components of the assemblage. The stratigraphic interval was dated Early Miocene (Burgidalian-Langhian) based on the occurrence and distribution of Pachydmies diederixi, Praedopollis flexibilies, Crassoretitrilete vanraadshoodveni, Psilatricolporites crassus and Laevigasporites spp. The abundant occurrence of pollen and spores typical of low land rain forest in the assemblage indicated tropical paleoclimatic conditions. The distribution pattern of Monoporites annulatus (Poaceae) and Zonocostites ramonae (Rhizophora) suggested cyclical fluctuations of paleoclimate between wetter and drier phases. The sediments were laid down in lagoons, delta swamps and shallow marine nearshore paleoenvironments.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88527450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2381-8719.19.8.466
A. As, Dikedi Pn, Oghar, ukun Mo
The research work epicenters on the delineation of Barite-Galena sediments within Iyamitet settlement of Obrubra region, Present work has become necessary owing to the growing need for the Nigeria and indeed world economy to be funded from proceeds of mineral ores as an alternative source of regional and global revenues. The ore garners some global economic value and importance. In delineating the region which habours the mineral ore, geo-electricity was introduced into the subsurface by employing a pair of current electrodes while the voltage is measured by inserting another pair of potential electrodes. Shlumberger array and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) techniques were adopted to measure apparent ground resistivity of the subsurface under investigation. Eighteen Vertical Electrical Sounding Curves, five geo-sections, five Isoresistivity and four Isopach maps were generated respectively. Since mineral-ores (Barite and Galena) are located within the host rocks, all 18 VES results represented in 18 tables show varied depths to these ores--and the rocks which harbours them.. The Iso-resistivity map with red patches bearing resistivities over 1000 Ωm demonstrates potential for Barite which coincide with varying depth of (10-15) m as revealed by the coring and borehole information. The Iso-pach map with the lightest patch represents highest altitude of the area under investigation. The dark blue patch represents the lowest portion of the region under investigation. Though results do not show the presence of Galena ore material, it is possible that multiple ore intrusions could have compromised the resistivity reading of Galena; Galena presence could be uncovered by combining outcome of results from multiple geophysical techniques
{"title":"Adopting Geo-electric Approach in Mineral Characterization of Iyamitet Settlement","authors":"A. As, Dikedi Pn, Oghar, ukun Mo","doi":"10.35248/2381-8719.19.8.466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2381-8719.19.8.466","url":null,"abstract":"The research work epicenters on the delineation of Barite-Galena sediments within Iyamitet settlement of Obrubra region, Present work has become necessary owing to the growing need for the Nigeria and indeed world economy to be funded from proceeds of mineral ores as an alternative source of regional and global revenues. The ore garners some global economic value and importance. In delineating the region which habours the mineral ore, geo-electricity was introduced into the subsurface by employing a pair of current electrodes while the voltage is measured by inserting another pair of potential electrodes. Shlumberger array and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) techniques were adopted to measure apparent ground resistivity of the subsurface under investigation. Eighteen Vertical Electrical Sounding Curves, five geo-sections, five Isoresistivity and four Isopach maps were generated respectively. Since mineral-ores (Barite and Galena) are located within the host rocks, all 18 VES results represented in 18 tables show varied depths to these ores--and the rocks which harbours them.. The Iso-resistivity map with red patches bearing resistivities over 1000 Ωm demonstrates potential for Barite which coincide with varying depth of (10-15) m as revealed by the coring and borehole information. The Iso-pach map with the lightest patch represents highest altitude of the area under investigation. The dark blue patch represents the lowest portion of the region under investigation. Though results do not show the presence of Galena ore material, it is possible that multiple ore intrusions could have compromised the resistivity reading of Galena; Galena presence could be uncovered by combining outcome of results from multiple geophysical techniques","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"59 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87418091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-10DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000445
Abdul Malik Nf, I. Garba, D. Ua, H. Hamza
An integration of Landsat-7 ETM+, DEM and aeromagnetic datasets was used for basic surficial geologic mapping of the area of study. False colour composite and principle component analysis were derived from three separate bands each with same spatial resolution of 30 m, superimposed over one another. Visible and infra-red waves of the electromagnetic spectrum were sent out to the surface/near surface and the received impulses reveal areas with varying magnetic susceptibilities, displayed on the first vertical derivative map and areas that emitted ranges of heat radiation signatures, displayed on the analytical signal map. Lineaments were conversely extracted from these maps over an area of about 770 km2. These lineaments represent fractures, faults, discontinuous quartz ridges, river channels, trenches and furrows in field. The eastern major fracture is the Kalangai major fault trending NE-SW. However, a possible presence of a mega fracture structurally controls River Karaduwa with other tributaries trending NW-SE, almost N-S. Part of the area also possesses gold mineralization potentials along the deep seated Kalangai major fault. The lineaments yielded from both datasets were integrated and showed a coincide results of the rate of deformation that most have affected the area to be of brittle/ductile form. The aeromagnetic data exhibits evidence of near surface fractures while the remote sensing data revealed more of surface fractures. Rose plots where inculcated and showed the dominant trend directions of the lineaments to be NE-SW and NW-SE.
{"title":"Delineation and Correlation of Lineaments Using Landsat-7 ETM+, DEM and Aeromagnetic Datasets: Basement Complex of Shanono, Northwestern Nigeria","authors":"Abdul Malik Nf, I. Garba, D. Ua, H. Hamza","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000445","url":null,"abstract":"An integration of Landsat-7 ETM+, DEM and aeromagnetic datasets was used for basic surficial geologic mapping of the area of study. False colour composite and principle component analysis were derived from three separate bands each with same spatial resolution of 30 m, superimposed over one another. Visible and infra-red waves of the electromagnetic spectrum were sent out to the surface/near surface and the received impulses reveal areas with varying magnetic susceptibilities, displayed on the first vertical derivative map and areas that emitted ranges of heat radiation signatures, displayed on the analytical signal map. Lineaments were conversely extracted from these maps over an area of about 770 km2. These lineaments represent fractures, faults, discontinuous quartz ridges, river channels, trenches and furrows in field. The eastern major fracture is the Kalangai major fault trending NE-SW. However, a possible presence of a mega fracture structurally controls River Karaduwa with other tributaries trending NW-SE, almost N-S. Part of the area also possesses gold mineralization potentials along the deep seated Kalangai major fault. The lineaments yielded from both datasets were integrated and showed a coincide results of the rate of deformation that most have affected the area to be of brittle/ductile form. The aeromagnetic data exhibits evidence of near surface fractures while the remote sensing data revealed more of surface fractures. Rose plots where inculcated and showed the dominant trend directions of the lineaments to be NE-SW and NW-SE.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"16 7","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2381-8719.1000445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72449406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-12DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000335
Evans Uf, Sun Ce
Paleoecological conditions of part of Gombe formation of Upper Benue Trough were studied using outcrop samples from 22 sites of 1.5 m deep each. The samples were crushed, standard maceration method employed for analysis and slides prepared. The slides were examined for identification and counting using transmitted light microscope with times one hundred oil immersion objective lenses. The result showed a fairly rich assemblage of palynomorph which includes age diagnostic palynomorphs: Cingulatisporites ornatus, Proteacidites sigalli, Constructipollenites inflectus, Echitriporites trianguliformis, Longapertites microfoveilatus, Monocolpites sp. and Tricolpites sp. which effectively assigned the upper Maastritchtian age to the sequence. Also the abundance of woody and vegetal materials which are land derived in the shales, siltstones and kaolinite rich claystone at the upper part of the sequence studied suggest the prevalence of fresh water conditions. The presence of Ephedripites in some sections of the sequence studied reflects occasional dry conditions. The high abundance of Acrostichum aureum in sample BA-8 signifies flooding of the region in Maastrichtian times by the sea characterized by shallow water depth and restricted ecological circulation which also occurs in mangrove forest and other wetlands.
{"title":"Palynomorphs Distribution, Biostratigraphy and Paleoecology Study of the Superficial Sediments in Parts of Gombe Formation, Upper Benue Trough, Nigeria","authors":"Evans Uf, Sun Ce","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000335","url":null,"abstract":"Paleoecological conditions of part of Gombe formation of Upper Benue Trough were studied using outcrop samples from 22 sites of 1.5 m deep each. The samples were crushed, standard maceration method employed for analysis and slides prepared. The slides were examined for identification and counting using transmitted light microscope with times one hundred oil immersion objective lenses. The result showed a fairly rich assemblage of palynomorph which includes age diagnostic palynomorphs: Cingulatisporites ornatus, Proteacidites sigalli, Constructipollenites inflectus, Echitriporites trianguliformis, Longapertites microfoveilatus, Monocolpites sp. and Tricolpites sp. which effectively assigned the upper Maastritchtian age to the sequence. Also the abundance of woody and vegetal materials which are land derived in the shales, siltstones and kaolinite rich claystone at the upper part of the sequence studied suggest the prevalence of fresh water conditions. The presence of Ephedripites in some sections of the sequence studied reflects occasional dry conditions. The high abundance of Acrostichum aureum in sample BA-8 signifies flooding of the region in Maastrichtian times by the sea characterized by shallow water depth and restricted ecological circulation which also occurs in mangrove forest and other wetlands.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78608607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-12DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000334
M. I. Titocan, M. Ibitola, B. Faleye, Akinade-Solomon Oc
The textural characteristics and sorting of the beach deposits on the Lagos barrier lagoon coastal complex was determined using grain size analysis of sediments. Fifty sediment samples were collected from five beaches namely Seme, Yovoyan, Lekki, Okun-Ajah and Orimedu. Inclusive mean and the inclusive standard deviation (sorting) were used to spatially assess the textural characteristics and sorting of sediment grain size so as to determine the prevailing wave energy level traversing the beaches and their significant variations at each beach using analysis of variance. The textural characteristics for the beaches showed dominantly coarse sands, moderately sorted sediments along the waterline, while medium sands, moderately well sorted sediments were found at the berm of the five beaches. The cross-shore profile of the beaches gave a dynamic system with moderately high wave energy between the waterline and the berm which affects the swash and backwash sediment grain size. Analysis of variance and post-hoc multiple comparisons according to Tukey-Kramer critical value was adopted to assess the spatial variations of the descriptive statistics and consequently, the wave energy level. The inclusive mean and the inclusive standard deviation were significantly different between the pairs of Seme and Okun-Ajah beaches in terms of textural characteristics and between the pairs of Seme and Yovoyan beaches in terms of sorting, accounting for the spatial variation in the descriptive statistics and thus the wave energy level between the beaches showing greater impacts with high wave energy level on Yovoyan and Okun-Ajah beaches than Seme beach due to their textural compositions. However, the hydrodynamic forces of the ocean were responsible for the moderately high wave energy level that traverses the beaches, making it unequivocal that the beaches on this barrier lagoon coastal complex are susceptible to coastal erosion.
{"title":"Spatial Assessment of the Textural Characteristics and Sorting of Beach Deposits on the Barrier Lagoon Coastal Complex, Lagos Nigeria","authors":"M. I. Titocan, M. Ibitola, B. Faleye, Akinade-Solomon Oc","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000334","url":null,"abstract":"The textural characteristics and sorting of the beach deposits on the Lagos barrier lagoon coastal complex was determined using grain size analysis of sediments. Fifty sediment samples were collected from five beaches namely Seme, Yovoyan, Lekki, Okun-Ajah and Orimedu. Inclusive mean and the inclusive standard deviation (sorting) were used to spatially assess the textural characteristics and sorting of sediment grain size so as to determine the prevailing wave energy level traversing the beaches and their significant variations at each beach using analysis of variance. The textural characteristics for the beaches showed dominantly coarse sands, moderately sorted sediments along the waterline, while medium sands, moderately well sorted sediments were found at the berm of the five beaches. The cross-shore profile of the beaches gave a dynamic system with moderately high wave energy between the waterline and the berm which affects the swash and backwash sediment grain size. Analysis of variance and post-hoc multiple comparisons according to Tukey-Kramer critical value was adopted to assess the spatial variations of the descriptive statistics and consequently, the wave energy level. The inclusive mean and the inclusive standard deviation were significantly different between the pairs of Seme and Okun-Ajah beaches in terms of textural characteristics and between the pairs of Seme and Yovoyan beaches in terms of sorting, accounting for the spatial variation in the descriptive statistics and thus the wave energy level between the beaches showing greater impacts with high wave energy level on Yovoyan and Okun-Ajah beaches than Seme beach due to their textural compositions. However, the hydrodynamic forces of the ocean were responsible for the moderately high wave energy level that traverses the beaches, making it unequivocal that the beaches on this barrier lagoon coastal complex are susceptible to coastal erosion.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78210865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-22DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000328
Muhammad Muzibur Rahman, M. NazrulIslam
This study has prepared bar (char) incidence map and assessed braided intensity of the Padma River in Bangladesh. GIS techniques have integrated the spatial data (satellite images) and attribute data to identify the char’s location and assess the braiding intensity on the Padma riverbed. According to the bar prepared maps chars have been developed in the reaches in the south of Harirampur, northeast of Faridpur district and upstream of the Padma Bridge crossing. But chars had never existed at the downstream of Paturia and close to the left bank at Mawa. The young chars with ages below eight years are 48%. The longstanding chars between 8-20 years are almost the same (43%) in the char incidence map. But the very long duration chars appeared only 9% on the river bed. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the braiding intensity of the Padma River was 1.63 and 1.75 which is very close to each other. During 1976 to 1984, the braiding intensity dropped to a minimum, the range of which varied from 1.38 to 1.50. The braiding intensity started to rise very rapidly from the early 1990s and reached its peak value of 2.13 in 1997. The sediment input also cause changes in bed level, width and braiding intensity of the river.
{"title":"Digital Modeling of Bar (Char) Incidence and Assessment of Braiding Intensity of the Padma River in Bangladesh","authors":"Muhammad Muzibur Rahman, M. NazrulIslam","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000328","url":null,"abstract":"This study has prepared bar (char) incidence map and assessed braided intensity of the Padma River in Bangladesh. GIS techniques have integrated the spatial data (satellite images) and attribute data to identify the char’s location and assess the braiding intensity on the Padma riverbed. According to the bar prepared maps chars have been developed in the reaches in the south of Harirampur, northeast of Faridpur district and upstream of the Padma Bridge crossing. But chars had never existed at the downstream of Paturia and close to the left bank at Mawa. The young chars with ages below eight years are 48%. The longstanding chars between 8-20 years are almost the same (43%) in the char incidence map. But the very long duration chars appeared only 9% on the river bed. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the braiding intensity of the Padma River was 1.63 and 1.75 which is very close to each other. During 1976 to 1984, the braiding intensity dropped to a minimum, the range of which varied from 1.38 to 1.50. The braiding intensity started to rise very rapidly from the early 1990s and reached its peak value of 2.13 in 1997. The sediment input also cause changes in bed level, width and braiding intensity of the river.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89379303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-12DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000331
E. A. Ndip, A. Cm, N. Me, Oladunjoye Ma
Two dimensional seismic and composite well logs from well M in the eastern offshore Niger delta basin were used to carry out a seismic stratigraphic and petrophysical characterization of reservoirs of the Agbada Formation. Three seismic sequences have been delineated within a time window of 600 ms-2200 ms showing depositional environments that have prograded from the delta platform in seismic sequence one (S1) down to the wave dominated prodelta /slope in seismic sequences three (S3). Five seismic facies (F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5) have been mapped within the study area with F2, the hydrocarbon habitat, consisting of deltaic distributary channel fills. The deposits of F2 were formed during aggradation to progradation of the delta and are considered to be High stand system tracts (HST) reservoirs. Twenty reservoirs zones (A-T) were identified with porosity ranging from 0.192 to 0.423 and permeability from 5.078 to 12,397.895 md, indicating very good porosity and permeability as a result of the low shale volume (0.031-0.148). The values for the bulk volume water are constant or nearly constant throughout the reservoirs and the reservoirs are said to be at irreducible water saturation implying the reservoir can produce water free hydrocarbon hence they are very good hydrocarbon reservoirs. The reservoirs qualities of well M are good and some of the reservoirs are petroliferous. Therefore, Well M could serve as a control well in hydrocarbon exploration in the offshore depobelt.
{"title":"Seismic Stratigraphic and Petrophysical Characterization of Reservoirs of the Agbada Formation in the Vicinity of ‘Well M’, Offshore Eastern Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria","authors":"E. A. Ndip, A. Cm, N. Me, Oladunjoye Ma","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000331","url":null,"abstract":"Two dimensional seismic and composite well logs from well M in the eastern offshore Niger delta basin were used to carry out a seismic stratigraphic and petrophysical characterization of reservoirs of the Agbada Formation. Three seismic sequences have been delineated within a time window of 600 ms-2200 ms showing depositional environments that have prograded from the delta platform in seismic sequence one (S1) down to the wave dominated prodelta /slope in seismic sequences three (S3). Five seismic facies (F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5) have been mapped within the study area with F2, the hydrocarbon habitat, consisting of deltaic distributary channel fills. The deposits of F2 were formed during aggradation to progradation of the delta and are considered to be High stand system tracts (HST) reservoirs. Twenty reservoirs zones (A-T) were identified with porosity ranging from 0.192 to 0.423 and permeability from 5.078 to 12,397.895 md, indicating very good porosity and permeability as a result of the low shale volume (0.031-0.148). The values for the bulk volume water are constant or nearly constant throughout the reservoirs and the reservoirs are said to be at irreducible water saturation implying the reservoir can produce water free hydrocarbon hence they are very good hydrocarbon reservoirs. The reservoirs qualities of well M are good and some of the reservoirs are petroliferous. Therefore, Well M could serve as a control well in hydrocarbon exploration in the offshore depobelt.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88599996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-22DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000329
L. AkpanMorgan, Mallam Abu, A. Nasir
Electrical resistivity method was used to investigate the open dumpsite at Gosa, Abuja in order to determine the vulnerability of the groundwater in the area as well as the surrounding environment to leachate contamination. A total of sixteen (16) vertical electrical sounding points with maximum current electrode of 100 m were investigated. The data were analyzed and used to establish the parameters required to fulfil the objectives of this research. A maximum of four geoelectric sections were identified in the area. They included sandy topsoil, clayey sand, weathered basement and fractured/fresh basement. Apparent resistivity values obtained for the four layers delineated were between 64.6 Ωm and 215.5 Ωm for the first layer; 19.0 Ωm and 295.6 Ωm for the second layer; 66.9 Ωm and 1003.7 Ωm for the third layer; and 438.0 Ωm and 1719.9 Ωm for the fourth layer. Furthermore, the ranges of the thickness of the layers were found to be 0.7 m and 12.9 m for the first layer; 1.3 m and 9.8 m for the second layer; and 1.6 m and 11.6 m for the third layer. The depths of water table in the area were estimated to range between 2.1 and 21.6 m. The parameters used in characterizing the aquifer protective capacity of the overburden units were layer thickness and their corresponding resistivity values. Accordingly, the total longitudinal layer conductance of the overburden of the area was generally found to be low, ranging between 0.014 mhos and 0.063 mhos, implying that the aquifer protective capacity of the area is poor. The 1D resistivity cross section for the three profiles investigated exposed the movement of contaminants toward the aquifer, further validating the fact that the aquifer is not protected. The low protective capacity of the area aided the conclusion that the water aquifer in the area was highly vulnerable to leachate contamination from the dumpsite.
{"title":"Vulnerability Assessment of Groundwater to Contamination Using Electrical Resistivity Method at the Open Dumpsite in Gosa, Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"L. AkpanMorgan, Mallam Abu, A. Nasir","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000329","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical resistivity method was used to investigate the open dumpsite at Gosa, Abuja in order to determine the vulnerability of the groundwater in the area as well as the surrounding environment to leachate contamination. A total of sixteen (16) vertical electrical sounding points with maximum current electrode of 100 m were investigated. The data were analyzed and used to establish the parameters required to fulfil the objectives of this research. A maximum of four geoelectric sections were identified in the area. They included sandy topsoil, clayey sand, weathered basement and fractured/fresh basement. Apparent resistivity values obtained for the four layers delineated were between 64.6 Ωm and 215.5 Ωm for the first layer; 19.0 Ωm and 295.6 Ωm for the second layer; 66.9 Ωm and 1003.7 Ωm for the third layer; and 438.0 Ωm and 1719.9 Ωm for the fourth layer. Furthermore, the ranges of the thickness of the layers were found to be 0.7 m and 12.9 m for the first layer; 1.3 m and 9.8 m for the second layer; and 1.6 m and 11.6 m for the third layer. The depths of water table in the area were estimated to range between 2.1 and 21.6 m. The parameters used in characterizing the aquifer protective capacity of the overburden units were layer thickness and their corresponding resistivity values. Accordingly, the total longitudinal layer conductance of the overburden of the area was generally found to be low, ranging between 0.014 mhos and 0.063 mhos, implying that the aquifer protective capacity of the area is poor. The 1D resistivity cross section for the three profiles investigated exposed the movement of contaminants toward the aquifer, further validating the fact that the aquifer is not protected. The low protective capacity of the area aided the conclusion that the water aquifer in the area was highly vulnerable to leachate contamination from the dumpsite.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"285 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76869400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-12DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000327
H. SudadAlObaidi, H. FalahKhalaf
There is a significant effect of the hydro confining pressure of the core holder on the flowing properties of the formation rocks. This effect is caused due to the mechanical elastic deformation of the core when carrying out laboratory studies of the waterproof and polymer compositions. Consequently, this deformation will cause changing in the permeability and voids storage capacity of the studied core samples. Therefore, under the laboratory conditions and when dealing with such studies on formation cores, it is necessary to consider the changes of permeability and voids storage capacity of these cores.
{"title":"The Effects of Hydro Confining Pressure on the Flow Properties of Sandstone and Carbonate Rocks","authors":"H. SudadAlObaidi, H. FalahKhalaf","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000327","url":null,"abstract":"There is a significant effect of the hydro confining pressure of the core holder on the flowing properties of the formation rocks. This effect is caused due to the mechanical elastic deformation of the core when carrying out laboratory studies of the waterproof and polymer compositions. Consequently, this deformation will cause changing in the permeability and voids storage capacity of the studied core samples. Therefore, under the laboratory conditions and when dealing with such studies on formation cores, it is necessary to consider the changes of permeability and voids storage capacity of these cores.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87356142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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