Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000E123
C. Hauer
Volume 7 • Issue 1 • 1000e123 J Geol Geophys, an open access journal ISSN: 2381-8719 *Corresponding author: Hauer C, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Laboratory for Sediment Research and Management, Institute of Water Management, Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria, Tel: 0043 1 3189900 112; E-mail: christoph.hauer@boku.ac.at
{"title":"Geophysical Research in a Changing Environment","authors":"C. Hauer","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000E123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000E123","url":null,"abstract":"Volume 7 • Issue 1 • 1000e123 J Geol Geophys, an open access journal ISSN: 2381-8719 *Corresponding author: Hauer C, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Laboratory for Sediment Research and Management, Institute of Water Management, Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria, Tel: 0043 1 3189900 112; E-mail: christoph.hauer@boku.ac.at","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"22 9 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88525053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000269
Adeel Nazeer, S. HabibShah, Abbasi Sa, Solangi Sh, N. Ahmad
Pakistan is energy deficient and underdeveloped country but it contains wide resources of low quality coal. The contemporaneous models for Coal Bed Methane (CBM) in low-rank coals have changed dramatically in recent years due to the growth of commercial CBM activity in the Powder River Basin (PRB). The CBM models are still evolving because the CBM evaluation concepts are on steep learning curve based on proven and tested commercial activities. Coal is an unusual lithology in that it is both an excellent source and reservoir rock. CBM resource has also been found in commercial quantities in the Cambay Basin of India. The CBM resource of Cambay Basin and Powder River Basin (PRB) are similar in age and rank to most of Pakistan’s coal. The success in the above mentioned basins provoked geoscientists in Pakistan to re-look into Sindh`s CBM resource. Thar coal is considered as the largest reserves of low ranking coal in Pakistan. Preliminary geological investigation was carried out; results show that low ranked coal seams of class Lignite B to High Volatile B bituminous coal exists in Sindh. The rank specified above is better in quality from Powder River Coal Deposits, so it warrants further evaluation to firm up further exploration and subsequent exploitation. Interactive wireline correlations between several wells have been carried out explicitly. Results show that isolated coal seams of Bara Member (Paleocene) and Sonari Member of Laki Formation (Eocene) exists a few kilometers in sub-surface. The thickness of coal seams is thickest in Thar area with better prospect for gas adsorption capacity. The dedicated CBM studies also reveal that the bituminous coal exists in Badin, Sonda, Thatta and Jherruck areas. Depositional Model of Thar coal deposit has been prepared using plate reconstruction.
{"title":"An Overview of CBM Resources in Lower Indus Basin, Sindh, Pakistan","authors":"Adeel Nazeer, S. HabibShah, Abbasi Sa, Solangi Sh, N. Ahmad","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000269","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan is energy deficient and underdeveloped country but it contains wide resources of low quality coal. The contemporaneous models for Coal Bed Methane (CBM) in low-rank coals have changed dramatically in recent years due to the growth of commercial CBM activity in the Powder River Basin (PRB). The CBM models are still evolving because the CBM evaluation concepts are on steep learning curve based on proven and tested commercial activities. Coal is an unusual lithology in that it is both an excellent source and reservoir rock. CBM resource has also been found in commercial quantities in the Cambay Basin of India. The CBM resource of Cambay Basin and Powder River Basin (PRB) are similar in age and rank to most of Pakistan’s coal. The success in the above mentioned basins provoked geoscientists in Pakistan to re-look into Sindh`s CBM resource. Thar coal is considered as the largest reserves of low ranking coal in Pakistan. Preliminary geological investigation was carried out; results show that low ranked coal seams of class Lignite B to High Volatile B bituminous coal exists in Sindh. The rank specified above is better in quality from Powder River Coal Deposits, so it warrants further evaluation to firm up further exploration and subsequent exploitation. Interactive wireline correlations between several wells have been carried out explicitly. Results show that isolated coal seams of Bara Member (Paleocene) and Sonari Member of Laki Formation (Eocene) exists a few kilometers in sub-surface. The thickness of coal seams is thickest in Thar area with better prospect for gas adsorption capacity. The dedicated CBM studies also reveal that the bituminous coal exists in Badin, Sonda, Thatta and Jherruck areas. Depositional Model of Thar coal deposit has been prepared using plate reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"59 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88678000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000270
G. Muralikrishna, K. NookaRatnam
Precision mining and optimization of ore mining practise are gaining more importance as the global demand and competition for exploring the raw mineral material has grown manifold with increased industrialization world-wide. The overall process of mining activity involves ore identification, estimation, planning, excavation, transportation etc. The activity requires accurate mapping, monitoring and proper management of information pertaining to ore stockpile, mining pits and infrastructure of the areas on a regular basis. Of late, advancements in remote sensing techniques have paved a way for digital management of the mining activity. Especially, use of photogrammetric techniques for open pit mining are found to be highly accurate and effective in capturing, monitoring, mapping, managing the information pertaining to mining in a three dimensional (3D) space. Capturing of information pertaining to mines in 3-D perspective with respect to a specific location on the terrain is highly effective in accurate estimation of ore reserves, exploration and reclamation planning, ore continuity mapping and decision making. However, precision mining requires the use of large scale photogrammetric techniques with high resolution imagery of gigabytes size at mapping scales range from 1: 1000 to 1: 5000. In addition to that, the entire procedure involves the use of state-of-theart software and hardware for fast processing of data and subsequent digital output generation. Above all, involvement of skilled photogrammetric experts with specialised knowledge on open pit mining is very much essential for accurate interpretation and delineation of the resources. A project was carried out for the 3D mapping of iron ore stockpiles, pits and infrastructure areas at various sites. The stockpile and pit mapping is used for very precise volume measurements and the infrastructure mapping is used for general mine planning activities. High accuracy is critical, as the data and volume reports are used to calculate the value of the ore being extracted, and any errors in the mapping data can result in incorrect payments of large amounts of money. Since, the timeline specified to complete the task is very short, it is crucial that the staff doing the final volume computations and downstream processing should receive the accurate data, correctly coded and mapped according to the standards outlined. The study has demonstrated a typical workflow for the effective use of close range photogrammetric techniques for 3D mapping and iron ore mining in open pit areas. The study also sees a brighter outlook and challenges of upcoming aerial and terrestrial photogrammetric technology for precision mining.
{"title":"Utility of Large Scale Photogrammetric Techniques for 3-D Mapping and Precision Iron Ore Mining in Open Pit Areas","authors":"G. Muralikrishna, K. NookaRatnam","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000270","url":null,"abstract":"Precision mining and optimization of ore mining practise are gaining more importance as the global demand and competition for exploring the raw mineral material has grown manifold with increased industrialization world-wide. The overall process of mining activity involves ore identification, estimation, planning, excavation, transportation etc. The activity requires accurate mapping, monitoring and proper management of information pertaining to ore stockpile, mining pits and infrastructure of the areas on a regular basis. Of late, advancements in remote sensing techniques have paved a way for digital management of the mining activity. Especially, use of photogrammetric techniques for open pit mining are found to be highly accurate and effective in capturing, monitoring, mapping, managing the information pertaining to mining in a three dimensional (3D) space. Capturing of information pertaining to mines in 3-D perspective with respect to a specific location on the terrain is highly effective in accurate estimation of ore reserves, exploration and reclamation planning, ore continuity mapping and decision making. However, precision mining requires the use of large scale photogrammetric techniques with high resolution imagery of gigabytes size at mapping scales range from 1: 1000 to 1: 5000. In addition to that, the entire procedure involves the use of state-of-theart software and hardware for fast processing of data and subsequent digital output generation. Above all, involvement of skilled photogrammetric experts with specialised knowledge on open pit mining is very much essential for accurate interpretation and delineation of the resources. A project was carried out for the 3D mapping of iron ore stockpiles, pits and infrastructure areas at various sites. The stockpile and pit mapping is used for very precise volume measurements and the infrastructure mapping is used for general mine planning activities. High accuracy is critical, as the data and volume reports are used to calculate the value of the ore being extracted, and any errors in the mapping data can result in incorrect payments of large amounts of money. Since, the timeline specified to complete the task is very short, it is crucial that the staff doing the final volume computations and downstream processing should receive the accurate data, correctly coded and mapped according to the standards outlined. The study has demonstrated a typical workflow for the effective use of close range photogrammetric techniques for 3D mapping and iron ore mining in open pit areas. The study also sees a brighter outlook and challenges of upcoming aerial and terrestrial photogrammetric technology for precision mining.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81410109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000268
Saad R, Muztaza Mn, Zakaria Mt, Saidin Mm
Geophysical survey such as 2D resistivity imaging and seismic refraction tomography are non-destructive methods that widely used in subsurface exploration including archaeological study. The purpose of this survey is to identify the sediment deposition types of Sungai Batu area for Ancient River. Two study sites were chosen to conduct 2D resistivity imaging and seismic refraction tomography surveys. The 2D resistivity imaging survey was conducted using Poledipole array with 2.5 m minimum electrode spacing while seismic refraction tomography was performed using 5 kg sledgehammer as seismic source with 5 m geophone spacing. Roll along techniques are apply for the two methods in the study site 1 and 2. The study concludes that the subsurface of the study area comprise of 3 major soil types. The top soil (1st type) consists of loose and dry alluvium which indicated with resistivity value of >100 Ohm.m. The second type was saturated alluvium (clay and sand) with resistivity and velocity values of 10-50 Ohm.m and 300 Ohm.m and >3600 m/s respectively. The correlation of 2D resistivity imaging and seismic refraction tomography show that the depositional environment for this survey is causes by land sediments deposit.
{"title":"Application of 2D Resistivity Imaging and Seismic Refraction Tomography to Identify Sungai Batu Sediment Depositional Origin","authors":"Saad R, Muztaza Mn, Zakaria Mt, Saidin Mm","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000268","url":null,"abstract":"Geophysical survey such as 2D resistivity imaging and seismic refraction tomography are non-destructive methods that widely used in subsurface exploration including archaeological study. The purpose of this survey is to identify the sediment deposition types of Sungai Batu area for Ancient River. Two study sites were chosen to conduct 2D resistivity imaging and seismic refraction tomography surveys. The 2D resistivity imaging survey was conducted using Poledipole array with 2.5 m minimum electrode spacing while seismic refraction tomography was performed using 5 kg sledgehammer as seismic source with 5 m geophone spacing. Roll along techniques are apply for the two methods in the study site 1 and 2. The study concludes that the subsurface of the study area comprise of 3 major soil types. The top soil (1st type) consists of loose and dry alluvium which indicated with resistivity value of >100 Ohm.m. The second type was saturated alluvium (clay and sand) with resistivity and velocity values of 10-50 Ohm.m and 300 Ohm.m and >3600 m/s respectively. The correlation of 2D resistivity imaging and seismic refraction tomography show that the depositional environment for this survey is causes by land sediments deposit.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87798128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000296
M. Salah, A. A. El-Al, A. Abdel-Hameed
In the present study, we conduct a number of petrophysical and geomechanical investigations on a large number of sandstone core samples collected from the Lower Miocene Moghra Formation exposed at Qattara Depression, North Western Desert, Egypt to determine their reservoir characteristics and to investigate the effect of the provenance and digenetic processes on their petrophysical and geomechanical characteristics. Results of petrographical, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses show that the studied sandstones are composed mainly of quartzarenites with little limestone and shale interbeddings and can be categorized into three main sedimentary microfacies: fossiliferous dolomitic quartzarenites, ferruginous quartzarenites and calcareous quartz arenite. The mainly-recognized diagenetic processes that prevailed during the post-depositional history of the Moghra sandstones are compaction, cementation, and dissolution. These processes impacted the porosity and influenced the petrophysical and geomechanical parameters of the studied sandstones. The Moghra sandstones possess average values of 14.74%, 2.21 g/cc, 2.76 g/cc, 23.02 mD, 49.44%, and 3341.17 m/s, for porosity (∅), bulk (ρb) and grain (ρg) densities, permeability (K), irreducible water saturation (SWirr), and the P wave velocity (Vp), respectively. In addition, these rocks have average values of 81.92 MPa, 5.84 MPa, and 58 for the unconfined compressive strength (UCSdry), the point load strength index (IS50) and the Schmidt hammer number (SHV) respectively. Significant relationships, with high correlation coefficients, between the investigated parameters have been obtained for the studied sandstones. The results indicate that both porosity and bulk density are the major parameters which control other petrophysical and geomechanical parameters
{"title":"Petrophysical and Mechanical Evaluation of the Moghra Sandstones,Qattara Depression, North Western Desert, Egypt","authors":"M. Salah, A. A. El-Al, A. Abdel-Hameed","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000296","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we conduct a number of petrophysical and geomechanical investigations on a large number of sandstone core samples collected from the Lower Miocene Moghra Formation exposed at Qattara Depression, North Western Desert, Egypt to determine their reservoir characteristics and to investigate the effect of the provenance and digenetic processes on their petrophysical and geomechanical characteristics. Results of petrographical, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses show that the studied sandstones are composed mainly of quartzarenites with little limestone and shale interbeddings and can be categorized into three main sedimentary microfacies: fossiliferous dolomitic quartzarenites, ferruginous quartzarenites and calcareous quartz arenite. The mainly-recognized diagenetic processes that prevailed during the post-depositional history of the Moghra sandstones are compaction, cementation, and dissolution. These processes impacted the porosity and influenced the petrophysical and geomechanical parameters of the studied sandstones. The Moghra sandstones possess average values of 14.74%, 2.21 g/cc, 2.76 g/cc, 23.02 mD, 49.44%, and 3341.17 m/s, for porosity (∅), bulk (ρb) and grain (ρg) densities, permeability (K), irreducible water saturation (SWirr), and the P wave velocity (Vp), respectively. In addition, these rocks have average values of 81.92 MPa, 5.84 MPa, and 58 for the unconfined compressive strength (UCSdry), the point load strength index (IS50) and the Schmidt hammer number (SHV) respectively. Significant relationships, with high correlation coefficients, between the investigated parameters have been obtained for the studied sandstones. The results indicate that both porosity and bulk density are the major parameters which control other petrophysical and geomechanical parameters","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85189034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000323
A. Ghoneimi, Ibrahim Ibrahim Sh.A., A. El-Kenawy, F. Kh
The open-hole wire line log data of seven wells are used to study the petrophysical characteristics of the Late Miocene Abu Madi Formation (levels II and III) in Abu Madi-El-Qara-Nidoco area, northern Nile Delta, Egypt. The vertical variation of the petrophysical characteristics is presented as lithosaturation cross-plots. The parameters distribution maps (shale volume, effective porosity, fluid saturation, net pay thickness and hydrocarbon saturation) are used to represent the lateral variation of petrophysical characteristics. Cross plots show that the main reservoir lithology is shaly sandstone with laminated to dispersed shale in level II and dispersed shale and minor laminated shale in level III. The shale volume ranges from 0.19 to 0.71 for level II and from 0.19 to 0.47 for level III. The effective porosity ranges from 0.03 to 0.22 for level II and from 0.06 to 0.19 for level III. The hydrocarbon saturation reaches up to 0.88 for level II and up to 0.81 for level III. The net-reservoir thickness ranges from 50 to 101 m for level II and from 30 to 153 m for level III. The net-pay thickness ranges from 75 to 90 m for level II and from 22 to 110 m for level III. Maps show that the most favorable places for hydrocarbon reservoirs occupy southwestern part for Abu Madi level II reservoir and in the middle, the middle-west, the middle-east and the southeastern parts for Abu Madi level III reservoir.
{"title":"Use of Well Logs for Petrophysical Evaluation of Abu Madi Reservoir in Abu Madi-ElQara-Nidoco Area, Northern Nile Delta, Egypt","authors":"A. Ghoneimi, Ibrahim Ibrahim Sh.A., A. El-Kenawy, F. Kh","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000323","url":null,"abstract":"The open-hole wire line log data of seven wells are used to study the petrophysical characteristics of the Late Miocene Abu Madi Formation (levels II and III) in Abu Madi-El-Qara-Nidoco area, northern Nile Delta, Egypt. The vertical variation of the petrophysical characteristics is presented as lithosaturation cross-plots. The parameters distribution maps (shale volume, effective porosity, fluid saturation, net pay thickness and hydrocarbon saturation) are used to represent the lateral variation of petrophysical characteristics. Cross plots show that the main reservoir lithology is shaly sandstone with laminated to dispersed shale in level II and dispersed shale and minor laminated shale in level III. The shale volume ranges from 0.19 to 0.71 for level II and from 0.19 to 0.47 for level III. The effective porosity ranges from 0.03 to 0.22 for level II and from 0.06 to 0.19 for level III. The hydrocarbon saturation reaches up to 0.88 for level II and up to 0.81 for level III. The net-reservoir thickness ranges from 50 to 101 m for level II and from 30 to 153 m for level III. The net-pay thickness ranges from 75 to 90 m for level II and from 22 to 110 m for level III. Maps show that the most favorable places for hydrocarbon reservoirs occupy southwestern part for Abu Madi level II reservoir and in the middle, the middle-west, the middle-east and the southeastern parts for Abu Madi level III reservoir.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85772511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000272
A. Khashaba, M. Mekkawi, E. Ghamry, E. Abdelaal
In this study we delineate the subsurface structures within an area of about (35 × 25) km2 in the Western part of Qarun Concession, using magnetic method. The main goal is to understand the role of subsurface structures and tectonics in the petroleum processes. Land magnetic survey has been carried out along profiles covering the area under study. The magnetic data set is processed using horizontal Gradient and tilt derivative. Also, 3D Euler deconvolution and 2D power spectrum have been used as fast techniques for depth estimation. The results indicate that the most predominant tectonic trends are generally aligned in NE-SW for the major structures, while the minor structures are aligned in NW-SE. The depth to the regional basement estimated range around 3900 m, and the shallower structures range around 750 m. The obtained results are in good agreement with the data from drilling wells in the area under study. The RTP magnetic anomalies range between -116 nT and 145 nT. The high values strongly suggest that the near structures (ferromagnetic minerals) accompany the basement along the West Qarun concession. There is good correlation between the structures deduced from the magnetic analysis and the known geological information. Most of these oil accumulations are restricted to the major tectonic trends with a NW-SE and NW-SE directions. We conclude that oil accumulation is structurally controlled by faulting, probably as a result of tectonic regimes during Cretaceous and Jurassic periods.
{"title":"Land Magnetic Investigation on the West Qarun Oil Field, Western Desert-Egypt","authors":"A. Khashaba, M. Mekkawi, E. Ghamry, E. Abdelaal","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000272","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we delineate the subsurface structures within an area of about (35 × 25) km2 in the Western part of Qarun Concession, using magnetic method. The main goal is to understand the role of subsurface structures and tectonics in the petroleum processes. Land magnetic survey has been carried out along profiles covering the area under study. The magnetic data set is processed using horizontal Gradient and tilt derivative. Also, 3D Euler deconvolution and 2D power spectrum have been used as fast techniques for depth estimation. The results indicate that the most predominant tectonic trends are generally aligned in NE-SW for the major structures, while the minor structures are aligned in NW-SE. The depth to the regional basement estimated range around 3900 m, and the shallower structures range around 750 m. The obtained results are in good agreement with the data from drilling wells in the area under study. The RTP magnetic anomalies range between -116 nT and 145 nT. The high values strongly suggest that the near structures (ferromagnetic minerals) accompany the basement along the West Qarun concession. There is good correlation between the structures deduced from the magnetic analysis and the known geological information. Most of these oil accumulations are restricted to the major tectonic trends with a NW-SE and NW-SE directions. We conclude that oil accumulation is structurally controlled by faulting, probably as a result of tectonic regimes during Cretaceous and Jurassic periods.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"95 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91394902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000321
P. Rahman
In the article the prosesses used as a precursor in some earthquakes for accurate research work are investigated. In Japan in the period of a strong earthquake observed anomalous change of the height of the Earth’s surface and according to the geodetic data a graph of latest vertical movements of faults are reviewed. The deformation of the Earth’s crust has been widely covered. Besides the development of observed deformation precursors before the Niigata earthquake, acoustic emission monitoring in dehydration process of Hips, including the speed change of massive movement depending on the remaining time till the earthquake happens, and theoretically calculated marks of a speed of displacement of repers for the San Andreas model and other problems are shown in the article.
{"title":"The Experimental Research Results of the Effect of Rock Deformation on Its Physical Properties","authors":"P. Rahman","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000321","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the prosesses used as a precursor in some earthquakes for accurate research work are investigated. In Japan in the period of a strong earthquake observed anomalous change of the height of the Earth’s surface and according to the geodetic data a graph of latest vertical movements of faults are reviewed. The deformation of the Earth’s crust has been widely covered. Besides the development of observed deformation precursors before the Niigata earthquake, acoustic emission monitoring in dehydration process of Hips, including the speed change of massive movement depending on the remaining time till the earthquake happens, and theoretically calculated marks of a speed of displacement of repers for the San Andreas model and other problems are shown in the article.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81704342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000267
Benish Bm
Identify the rock lithology has important meaning for estimating the reserve of petroleum as reservoir capacity and storage ability. The lithology identification from well log based on not conventional cross plot proposed and studied, which is more easier instead of rock core data observation results. However, this work carried out comparison between chart and analytical solution of matrix parameter (ρma and ΔTma) estimation values of producer shaly sand reservoir, and present the main depositional environment affects. In addition to influences of pyrite, ferruginous encrustations, organic material throughout this studied reservoir. Consequently, variety of matrix parameters values is contributed by clay minerals present in this reservoir type. This study based on wire line data measured over than 750 feet produced Upper Nubian Sandstone belong to two oil fields, SE Sirt Basin. This shaly reservoir divided into three main units (R, E and F), and each unit has been subdivided into three subunits (F3, F2, F1, E3, E2, E1, R3, R2 and R1) from bottom to top according to depositional and petrophysical properties.
{"title":"Lithology Investigation of Shaly Sand Reservoir by using Wire Line Data, “Nubian Sandstone” SE Sirt Basin","authors":"Benish Bm","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000267","url":null,"abstract":"Identify the rock lithology has important meaning for estimating the reserve of petroleum as reservoir capacity and storage ability. The lithology identification from well log based on not conventional cross plot proposed and studied, which is more easier instead of rock core data observation results. However, this work carried out comparison between chart and analytical solution of matrix parameter (ρma and ΔTma) estimation values of producer shaly sand reservoir, and present the main depositional environment affects. In addition to influences of pyrite, ferruginous encrustations, organic material throughout this studied reservoir. Consequently, variety of matrix parameters values is contributed by clay minerals present in this reservoir type. This study based on wire line data measured over than 750 feet produced Upper Nubian Sandstone belong to two oil fields, SE Sirt Basin. This shaly reservoir divided into three main units (R, E and F), and each unit has been subdivided into three subunits (F3, F2, F1, E3, E2, E1, R3, R2 and R1) from bottom to top according to depositional and petrophysical properties.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"84 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86240782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000314
Saier Wu, Jian Chen, Z. Cui
Large fan shaped debris-flow deposits occur at the piedmont west of Benzilan, in the upper stream of the Jinsha River, southwest China. The accumulation is composed of alternation of debris-flow units and reddish gravel soil units, seemly showing a binary structure. The debris-flow deposit has a mean thickness of 100 m. We did analysis on particle size, major element, clay mineral, pollen and electronic spin resonance (ESR) dating for samples from the debris-flow accumulation. Our study shows that the reddish gravel soil was in fact the debris flow material and its apparent differences from the debris flow material, especially color, was due to weathering. It was a relative dryhot climate to weather the upper part of the debris flow body into the reddish gravel soil. Evident chemical difference between the soil and debris-flow units was caused essentially by carbonate dissolution from soils. The debris-flow sequences indicate that the climate of the upper Jinsha River valley during the Early Pleistocene was characterized by a remarkable wet-dry alternation and would be warmer than today. The study area would be uplifted by 1300 m since the Early Pleistocene.
{"title":"Early Pleistocene Debris-Flow Deposits in the Upper Jinsha River, Sw China and their Paleoenvironmental Implications","authors":"Saier Wu, Jian Chen, Z. Cui","doi":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000314","url":null,"abstract":"Large fan shaped debris-flow deposits occur at the piedmont west of Benzilan, in the upper stream of the Jinsha River, southwest China. The accumulation is composed of alternation of debris-flow units and reddish gravel soil units, seemly showing a binary structure. The debris-flow deposit has a mean thickness of 100 m. We did analysis on particle size, major element, clay mineral, pollen and electronic spin resonance (ESR) dating for samples from the debris-flow accumulation. Our study shows that the reddish gravel soil was in fact the debris flow material and its apparent differences from the debris flow material, especially color, was due to weathering. It was a relative dryhot climate to weather the upper part of the debris flow body into the reddish gravel soil. Evident chemical difference between the soil and debris-flow units was caused essentially by carbonate dissolution from soils. The debris-flow sequences indicate that the climate of the upper Jinsha River valley during the Early Pleistocene was characterized by a remarkable wet-dry alternation and would be warmer than today. The study area would be uplifted by 1300 m since the Early Pleistocene.","PeriodicalId":80381,"journal":{"name":"AGSO journal of Australian geology & geophysics","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87637426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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