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Contribution to the Art Analysis of Qurʼan Caligraphy on the Examples of Mushafs from Gazi Husrev-beg Library 对《古兰经》版画艺术分析的贡献——以加齐·胡斯列夫图书馆的穆沙夫为例
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.51719/25663267.2021.28.42.175
Haris Dervišević
Bosniak calligraphers of the 17th and 18th centuries understood the copying of the Qur’an as one of the imperatives of their calligraphic work and they tried to show all their skills. Ten copies of Mushafs from the collection of the Gazi Husrev-beg Library in Sarajevo were chosen for the purposes of this research. Analysis shows that each calligrapher was up to the task, but difference in the quality of their work was noticed. Some calligraphers lack skill, like hafiz Mustafa son of Omer from Mostar. Those more skilful made kind of deviation from the tradition, such was done by Bi-zaban Ali-pasha. The most famous Bosniak calligrapher at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, hafiz Ibrahim Šehović, shows on each page the self-awareness and the ability to bridge the forbidden. It is ungrateful to choose the best calligrapher, but it will be concluded that Osman Bosnian stands out. This paper tried to show the potentials of the artistic analysis of calligraphy in the Mushafs copied in Ottoman Bosnia.
17世纪和18世纪的波斯尼亚书法家将抄写《古兰经》视为他们书法工作的必要条件之一,他们试图展示自己的所有技能。为了这项研究的目的,从萨拉热窝加齐·哈兹维贝格图书馆的收藏中选择了十本穆沙夫。分析表明,每位书法家都能胜任这项任务,但人们注意到他们的作品质量存在差异。一些书法家缺乏技巧,比如来自莫斯塔尔的奥默的儿子哈菲兹·穆斯塔法。那些更有技巧的人偏离了传统,比如Bi-zaban Ali-pasha。哈菲兹·易卜拉欣(hafiz Ibrahim)是18、19世纪之交最著名的波斯尼亚书法家,他在每一页上都展现了自我意识和跨越禁忌的能力。选择最好的书法家是忘恩负义的,但它将得出结论,奥斯曼波斯尼亚脱颖而出。本文试图展示在奥斯曼波斯尼亚的穆沙夫抄本中书法艺术分析的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Anglo-Muhammadan Law in British India: Historical-legal Aspect 英属印度的盎格鲁-穆罕默德法:历史-法律方面
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.51719/25663267.2021.28.42.57
Husein Kavazović
Over the course of its development, Sharia law, like other legal systems, has gone through periods of rise and stagnation. These processes were closely related to the development of society and the state, their highs and lows. Although it was based on the universal Islamic principles that represented its foundation, the building of Sharia law was built with various elements of an interpretative character from primary and secondary sources. Sharia law did not operate in isolation from other legal systems it encountered, came into contact with and co-operated with. This paper aims at pointing to the emergence of a hybrid, mixed legal system, which was created through the cooperation of two different legal systems on the territory of today’s India under the rule of the British Raj. Anglo-Muhammadan law developed on two foundations: a) on individual Shariah regulations of family and property law and b) on the principles of common law of the legal system of justice, equity and good conscience.
在其发展过程中,伊斯兰教法和其他法律体系一样,经历了兴起和停滞的时期。这些过程都与社会和国家的发展、兴衰密切相关。虽然伊斯兰教法是建立在代表其基础的普遍伊斯兰原则的基础上的,但伊斯兰教法的建立是由来自主要和次要来源的各种解释性因素构成的。伊斯兰教法并非孤立于它所遇到、接触和合作的其他法律制度之外运作。本文旨在指出一种混合的、混合的法律制度的出现,这种法律制度是通过两种不同的法律制度在今天的印度领土上在英国统治下的合作而产生的。盎格鲁-穆罕默德法是在两个基础上发展起来的:a)家庭和财产法的个别伊斯兰教法规定;b)正义、公平和良心的法律制度的普通法原则。
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引用次数: 0
MEHMED HANDŽIĆ’S TREATISE Risāla bayān al-umanāʼ fī ḥukm al-istimnāʼ “Explanation of the regulations of onanism provided by the trusted” (topic, description and content, terminology, significance and sources, text, context) MEHMED HANDŽIĆ ' S TREATISE Risāla bayān al- umanna ' f ' ḥukm al- istimna '“对受信任者提供的onanism规则的解释”(主题、描述和内容、术语、意义和来源、文本、上下文)
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.51719/25663267.2021.28.42.97
Enes Karić
This paper deals with Mehmed Handžić’s treatise Risāla bayān al-umanāʼ fī ḥukm al-istimnāʼ (Treatise: Explanation of the regulations of onanism provided by the trusted), a manuscript kept in Gazi Husrev-beg’s Library under the classification number R. 2650/7. This paper gives a brief introduction to the status of human sexuality in Islam and the Qur’an and also a description of the manuscript itself, its terminology and the style in which it was written. Most of this paper deals with the review or reinterpretation of topics and attitudes that Mehmed Handžić took towards onanism, masturbation and sexual self-gratification from famous and recognized classical authorities on tafsir, especially in the tafsīr āyāt al-aḥkām discipline, fiqh, and literary works. A special section in this paper is devoted to Handžić’s interpretation of Ibn Ḥazm’s views on onanism. This paper was written with the aim of presenting this manuscript of Handžić in an accessible and interpretative manner. The paper has no pretensions to offering anything normative, nor should the paper be treated as a fiqh-legal work on onanism. Accordingly, this paper should not be read as a Shariah discussion of onanism. We recommend that you consult the official stances of the Islamic Community on onanism, masturbation and sexual self-gratification, which Prof. Dr. Enes Ljevaković, the deputy raisu-l-ulama and fatwa-i emin, took on several occasions in the Islamic Newspaper Preporod, at: https://www.islamskazajednica.ba/index.php/pitanja-i-odgovori-home.
本文讨论了穆罕默德Handžić的论文Risāla bayān al- umanu ' f ' ḥukm al-istimn '(论文:解释由信任提供的onanism规则),该手稿保存在Gazi Husrev-beg图书馆,分类号为R. 2650/7。本文简要介绍了人类性在伊斯兰教和古兰经中的地位,并描述了手稿本身,它的术语和写作风格。本文的大部分内容是对穆罕默德Handžić对淫行、手淫和性自我满足的主题和态度的回顾或重新解释,这些主题和态度来自著名和公认的经典权威,特别是在淫行āyāt al-aḥkām学科、伊斯兰教和文学作品中。本文用一个特别的章节来解释Handžić对伊本Ḥazm的主义观点。这篇论文是写的目的是提出这个手稿Handžić在一个可访问的和可解释的方式。这篇论文并不想提供任何规范的东西,也不应该将其视为一篇关于道德的法律著作。因此,本文不应被解读为伊斯兰教法对伊斯兰主义的讨论。我们建议你咨询伊斯兰社区关于淫行、手淫和性自我满足的官方立场,这些立场是副教长兼法特瓦伊明教授埃内斯·利瓦科维奇博士在伊斯兰报纸Preporod(网址:https://www.islamskazajednica.ba/index.php/pitanja-i-odgovori-home)上多次发表的。
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引用次数: 0
Atfi Ahmed Bosnevi's Commentary upon Tuḥfa-i Shāhidī 阿特菲·艾哈迈德·博斯涅维对屠的评论
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.51719/25663267.2021.28.42.137
Munir Drkić, Ahmed Zildžić
Based on primary sources and relevant literature, the authors in this paper present the commentary that Atfi Ahmed Bosnevi, an Ottoman author of Bosnian extraction from the first half of the XVIII century, composed upon the celebrated Persian-Ottoman dictionary in verse Tuḥfe-i Shāhidī by Ibrahim-dede Shāhidī. The original work subject to commentary is briefly introduced and analyzed as a significant work in the evolution of Persian lexicography in the Ottoman Empire. However, Atfi's commentary upon Tuḥfe remains in the primary focus of the authors in all relevant aspects: his commentary approach and relation to the original text, his method of commenting as well as the contents of his work revolving around Persian grammar and its tripartite structure according to the traditional Oriental and Arabic linguistic heritage: verbs, nouns, and particle. Although a later addition to the tradition of Tuḥfe commentaries, Atfi’s work ranks among more comprehensive and successful commentaries in which the author strives to preserve the original text from repeated distortions caused to extensive copying, often by non-well-qualified individuals. After furnishing all the necessary information on Ottoman and Persian prosody at the opening of each chapter, Atfi analyzes the Persian lemmata with precious instructions concerning their orthography and pronunciation and their meaning by way of Turkish and Arabic equivalents. The authors conclude that Atfi subjected the original text of Tuhfa to rigorous and thorough philological treatment. Nonetheless, his commentary sometimes feels a bit restrained as Atfi is not particularly keen on widening his commentary out of the contours of the original work even if an occasion calls for it. As a result, his treatment of specific grammatical questions in Persian is selective. His commentary does not function as a combined dictionary and grammar of Persian, and that was not the author’s purpose and motivation for writing his commentary.
根据第一手资料和相关文献,本文作者介绍了Atfi Ahmed Bosnevi的评论,他是18世纪上半叶的奥斯曼人波斯尼亚语摘录的作者,他在Ibrahim-dede Shāhidī着名的波斯语-奥斯曼语词典中以诗歌Tuḥfe-i Shāhidī撰写的评论。原工作受到评论简要介绍和分析,作为一个重要的工作在波斯词典编纂在奥斯曼帝国的演变。然而,Atfi对Tuḥfe的评论仍然是作者在所有相关方面的主要焦点:他的评论方法和与原文的关系,他的评论方法以及他围绕波斯语语法及其根据传统东方和阿拉伯语言遗产的三方结构的工作内容:动词,名词和助词。虽然后来加入了Tuḥfe注释的传统,但Atfi的工作在更全面和成功的注释中名列前茅,作者努力保存原始文本,避免因大量复制而导致的反复扭曲,通常是由不合格的个人造成的。在每一章的开头提供了所有关于奥斯曼和波斯语韵律的必要信息之后,Atfi分析了波斯语的引理,并提供了有关其正字法和发音的宝贵指导,以及通过土耳其语和阿拉伯语等效的意义。作者的结论是,Atfi对《图法》原文进行了严格和彻底的语言学处理。尽管如此,他的评论有时感觉有点克制,因为阿特菲并不特别热衷于扩大他的评论超出原著的轮廓,即使场合要求这样做。因此,他对波斯语中特定语法问题的处理是有选择性的。他的注释不是波斯语的字典和语法的结合,这不是作者写他的注释的目的和动机。
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引用次数: 0
Photographs in the Photo Archive’s Old Stock in Gazi Husrev-beg’s Library in Sarajevo 萨拉热窝加齐·哈兹维贝格图书馆照片资料馆的老照片
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.51719/25663267.2021.28.42.211
Meho Manjgo
Gazi Husrev-beg’s Library in Sarajevo, beside its rich stock of manuscripts, archival and museum collections, also houses a valuable collection of photographs within the photo archive’s stock, which is divided into the old and the new stock. The focus of this paper is on photographs from the photo archive’s old stock, taken at the time of the arrival of the Austro-Hungarian government, when the first professional photograph stores started up in this area. This paper aims at trying to determine whether the photographs from the photo archive’s old stock were signed by Anton Schadler, Walter Tausch, Ignatz Lederer, Ivica Lisac, Nusret Halačević and other foreign and domestic photographers who made a significant contribution to the development of photography in Bosnia and Herzegovina, or they were taken later in modest photograph stores. Moreover, based on the preserved lists of library materials and other archival materials stored in Gazi Husrev-beg’s Library in Sarajevo, the paper deals with the issue of forming the photo arhive’s stock and the ways to determine the processing, classification and systematization of photographs.
萨拉热窝的Gazi Husrev-beg图书馆除了拥有丰富的手稿、档案和博物馆藏品外,还收藏了照片档案库中的珍贵照片,照片档案库分为新旧两种。本文的重点是照片档案馆旧库存的照片,这些照片拍摄于奥匈帝国政府成立时,当时该地区开设了第一家专业照片商店。本文旨在确定照片档案馆旧库存中的照片是由Anton Schadler、Walter Tausch、Ignatz Lederer、Ivica Lisac、Nusret Halačević和其他对波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那摄影发展做出重大贡献的国内外摄影师签名的,还是后来在普通的照片商店中拍摄的。此外,根据萨拉热窝Gazi Husrev-beg图书馆保存的图书馆材料和其他档案材料清单,本文讨论了照片库的形成问题以及确定照片处理、分类和系统化的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Two Waqfnamas of Belgrade from the 16th and the 18th Century - Contributions to the Study of Belgrade Waqfs (Endowments) 16世纪和18世纪贝尔格莱德的两个宗教基金会——对贝尔格莱德宗教基金(捐赠)研究的贡献
Pub Date : 2021-02-19 DOI: 10.51719/25663267.2020.27.41.177
Hamza Lavić
This paper examines two waqfnamas (endowment legal document; deed of endowment) which date back to the 16th and the 18th century, and they refer to the waqfs (endowments) in Belgrade. Haji Osman, son of Husein, endowed the sum of 8200 akca (silver coins) by the waqfnama from 1566, and the income, which was earned from doing the business with that money, was intended for the purpose of maintaining the mosque in Zaynuddin-aga’s Mahala (mahala: a city quarter) in Belgrade and the reading of the Qur’an for the soul of the waqif (endower) on a regular basis. The second waqfnama, which established the waqf of Defterdar Ahmed Kamil-efendija, was written in 1741. This benefactor from Belgrade built, or to be more precise, restored the three mosques in Belgrade: Defterdar’s Mosque, the Tugdži Mosque and the mosque in the Požarevac qadiluk (the jurisdictional district of a qadi). For the upkeep of these mosques, but also for other charitable purposes, he endowed a hān (an inn providing accommodation, food, and drink, especially for travellers), a watermill, a vineyard, and a large number of properties such as residential buildings, shops and land.
本文考察了两种捐赠法律文书;捐赠契约)可以追溯到16世纪和18世纪,它们指的是贝尔格莱德的waqfs(捐赠)。侯赛因的儿子哈吉·奥斯曼从1566年起,从长老那里捐赠了8200 akca(银币),这笔钱的收入是用这笔钱做生意赚来的,目的是为了维护贝尔格莱德Zaynuddin-aga的Mahala (Mahala:一个城区)的清真寺,以及定期为长老(捐助者)的灵魂朗读《古兰经》。第二个waqfnama写于1741年,它建立了deterdar Ahmed Kamil-efendija waqf。这位来自贝尔格莱德的捐助者建造了,或者更准确地说,修复了贝尔格莱德的三座清真寺:deterdar清真寺,Tugdži清真寺和Požarevac qadiluk清真寺(卡迪辖区)。为了维护这些清真寺,也为了其他慈善目的,他捐赠了一家hān(专门为旅行者提供住宿、食物和饮料的客栈)、一座水磨、一座葡萄园,以及大量的财产,如住宅、商店和土地。
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引用次数: 0
A New Pattern of Old Fabric: Taʻlīm-i fārisī and the Grammatical Description of the Persian Language in the Ottoman Empire 旧结构的新模式:Taïlīm-i fārisī与奥斯曼帝国波斯语的语法描述
Pub Date : 2021-02-18 DOI: 10.51719/25663267.2020.27.41.31
Munir Drkić, Ahmed Zildžić
This paper aims to examine the work entitled Taʻlīm-i fārisī in the context of the Ottoman tradition of the grammatical study of the Persian language. Taʻlīm-i fārisī, most likely penned by Kemal-pasha, is a short yet exceedingly significant primer for Persian language students dated in the middle of the 19th century. After a brief overview of the Persian grammar studies in the Ottoman Empire, the authors present the work and its author and conduct an analysis of the content of Taʻlīm-i fārisī. In terms of its underlying methodology, this work stands halfway between two principal tendencies: one is the traditional approach to studying the Persian language in the Ottoman Empire; another is a new approach developed under the influence of grammatical description of European languages. This paradigm shift in the Persian language's grammatical description within the Ottoman Empire is readily observable in the primer under review.
本文旨在结合奥斯曼帝国对波斯语语法研究的传统,研究题为《Taïlīm-i fārisī》的作品。最有可能由凯末尔·帕夏(Kemal-pasha)撰写的《Taālām-i fārisā》是一本简短但极其重要的入门读物,可供19世纪中期的波斯语学生阅读。在简要概述了奥斯曼帝国时期的波斯语法研究之后,作者介绍了这部作品及其作者,并对《Taïlīm-i fārisī》的内容进行了分析。就其基本方法而言,这项工作介于两种主要趋势之间:一种是研究奥斯曼帝国波斯语的传统方法;另一种是在欧洲语言语法描述的影响下发展起来的新方法。奥斯曼帝国时期波斯语语法描述的这种范式转变在所审查的初级读本中很容易观察到。
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引用次数: 0
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Anali Gazi Husrev-begove biblioteke. Gazi Husrevbegova biblioteka u Sarajevu
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