Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080619-110405
E. M. Thomas, Phong H. Nguyen, Seamus D. Jones, M. Chabinyc, R. Segalman
Polymers that simultaneously transport electrons and ions are paramount to drive the technological advances necessary for next-generation electrochemical devices, including energy storage devices and bioelectronics. However, efforts to describe the motion of ions or electrons separately within polymeric systems become inaccurate when both species are present. Herein, we highlight the basic transport equations necessary to rationalize mixed transport and the multiscale material properties that influence their transport coefficients. Potential figures of merit that enable a suitable performance benchmark in mixed conducting systems independent of end application are discussed. Practical design and implementation of mixed conducting polymers require an understanding of the evolving nature of structure and transport with ionic and electronic carrier density to capture the dynamic disorder inherent in polymeric materials.
{"title":"Electronic, Ionic, and Mixed Conduction in Polymeric Systems","authors":"E. M. Thomas, Phong H. Nguyen, Seamus D. Jones, M. Chabinyc, R. Segalman","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080619-110405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080619-110405","url":null,"abstract":"Polymers that simultaneously transport electrons and ions are paramount to drive the technological advances necessary for next-generation electrochemical devices, including energy storage devices and bioelectronics. However, efforts to describe the motion of ions or electrons separately within polymeric systems become inaccurate when both species are present. Herein, we highlight the basic transport equations necessary to rationalize mixed transport and the multiscale material properties that influence their transport coefficients. Potential figures of merit that enable a suitable performance benchmark in mixed conducting systems independent of end application are discussed. Practical design and implementation of mixed conducting polymers require an understanding of the evolving nature of structure and transport with ionic and electronic carrier density to capture the dynamic disorder inherent in polymeric materials.","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89420538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080619-014459
S. K. Makineni, M. Singh, K. Chattopadhyay
Co base superalloys strengthened by coherent L12 ordered γ′ precipitate in a disordered face-centered cubic γ matrix represent a new opportunity for high-temperature alloy development. The emergenc...
{"title":"Low-Density, High-Temperature Co Base Superalloys","authors":"S. K. Makineni, M. Singh, K. Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080619-014459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080619-014459","url":null,"abstract":"Co base superalloys strengthened by coherent L12 ordered γ′ precipitate in a disordered face-centered cubic γ matrix represent a new opportunity for high-temperature alloy development. The emergenc...","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75385526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080619-022100
D. Miracle, M. Li, Zhaohan Zhang, Rohan Mishra, K. Flores
Structural materials have lagged behind other classes in the use of combinatorial and high-throughput (CHT) methods for rapid screening and alloy development. The dual complexities of composition a...
{"title":"Emerging Capabilities for the High-Throughput Characterization of Structural Materials","authors":"D. Miracle, M. Li, Zhaohan Zhang, Rohan Mishra, K. Flores","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080619-022100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080619-022100","url":null,"abstract":"Structural materials have lagged behind other classes in the use of combinatorial and high-throughput (CHT) methods for rapid screening and alloy development. The dual complexities of composition a...","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75096074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080819-120123
B. Hamilton, M. Sakano, Chunyu Li, A. Strachan
Shock loading takes materials from ambient conditions to extreme conditions of temperature and nonhydrostatic stress on picosecond timescales. In molecular materials the fast loading results in tem...
{"title":"Chemistry Under Shock Conditions","authors":"B. Hamilton, M. Sakano, Chunyu Li, A. Strachan","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080819-120123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080819-120123","url":null,"abstract":"Shock loading takes materials from ambient conditions to extreme conditions of temperature and nonhydrostatic stress on picosecond timescales. In molecular materials the fast loading results in tem...","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73730369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080819-123403
F. Schmidt, P. Hosemann, R. Scarlat, D. Schreiber, J. Scully, B. Uberuaga
The next generation of nuclear reactors will expose materials to conditions that, in some cases, are even more extreme than those in current fission reactors, inevitably leading to new materials sc...
{"title":"Effects of Radiation-Induced Defects on Corrosion","authors":"F. Schmidt, P. Hosemann, R. Scarlat, D. Schreiber, J. Scully, B. Uberuaga","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080819-123403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080819-123403","url":null,"abstract":"The next generation of nuclear reactors will expose materials to conditions that, in some cases, are even more extreme than those in current fission reactors, inevitably leading to new materials sc...","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79698179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-12DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080819-125403
Shiyang Tang, C. Tabor, K. Kalantar-zadeh, M. Dickey
Gallium is a metal that literally melts in your hand. It has low toxicity, near-zero vapor pressure, and a viscosity similar to water. Despite possessing a surface tension larger than any other liquid (near room temperature), gallium can form nonspherical shapes due to the thin, solid native oxide skin that forms rapidly in oxygen. These properties enable new ways to pattern metals (e.g., injection and printing) to create stretchable and soft devices with an unmatched combination of mechanical and electrical properties. The oxide skin can be transferred to other substrates and manipulated electrochemically to lower the interfacial tension to near zero. The reactivity of gallium can drive a wide range of reactions. The liquid state of gallium makes it easy to break into particles for making colloids and soft composites that have unusual properties due to the deformable nature of the filler. This review summarizes the truly unique and exciting properties of gallium liquid metals.
{"title":"Gallium Liquid Metal: The Devil's Elixir","authors":"Shiyang Tang, C. Tabor, K. Kalantar-zadeh, M. Dickey","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080819-125403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080819-125403","url":null,"abstract":"Gallium is a metal that literally melts in your hand. It has low toxicity, near-zero vapor pressure, and a viscosity similar to water. Despite possessing a surface tension larger than any other liquid (near room temperature), gallium can form nonspherical shapes due to the thin, solid native oxide skin that forms rapidly in oxygen. These properties enable new ways to pattern metals (e.g., injection and printing) to create stretchable and soft devices with an unmatched combination of mechanical and electrical properties. The oxide skin can be transferred to other substrates and manipulated electrochemically to lower the interfacial tension to near zero. The reactivity of gallium can drive a wide range of reactions. The liquid state of gallium makes it easy to break into particles for making colloids and soft composites that have unusual properties due to the deformable nature of the filler. This review summarizes the truly unique and exciting properties of gallium liquid metals.","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74945417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-12DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080819-011453
L. Clark, Aly H. Abdeldaim
Quantum spin liquids are unique quantum states of matter predicted to arise in low-dimensional, frustrated, and quantum magnetic systems. Compared with conventional ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states, quantum spin liquids are expected to display a variety of novel and exotic properties, making their realization in materials a highly appealing prospect. While an unambiguous realization of this long-sought-after state remains elusive, a growing number of materials candidates show promise in revealing the properties of quantum spin liquids. In this review, we present some of the key challenges and current opportunities in the synthesis, characterization, and understanding of quantum spin liquids from the perspective of the broad and interdisciplinary field of materials research.
{"title":"Quantum Spin Liquids from a Materials Perspective","authors":"L. Clark, Aly H. Abdeldaim","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080819-011453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080819-011453","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum spin liquids are unique quantum states of matter predicted to arise in low-dimensional, frustrated, and quantum magnetic systems. Compared with conventional ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states, quantum spin liquids are expected to display a variety of novel and exotic properties, making their realization in materials a highly appealing prospect. While an unambiguous realization of this long-sought-after state remains elusive, a growing number of materials candidates show promise in revealing the properties of quantum spin liquids. In this review, we present some of the key challenges and current opportunities in the synthesis, characterization, and understanding of quantum spin liquids from the perspective of the broad and interdisciplinary field of materials research.","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85080941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-11DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080819-011036
Forrest W. Eagle, Ricardo A. Rivera-Maldonado, B. Cossairt
Semiconducting and metallic metal phosphide nanocrystals have gained increased attention in the materials science and engineering community due to their demonstrated and theoretical promise in both...
半导体和金属磷化物纳米晶体在材料科学和工程界受到越来越多的关注，因为它们在两方面的证明和理论前景…
{"title":"Surface Chemistry of Metal Phosphide Nanocrystals","authors":"Forrest W. Eagle, Ricardo A. Rivera-Maldonado, B. Cossairt","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080819-011036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080819-011036","url":null,"abstract":"Semiconducting and metallic metal phosphide nanocrystals have gained increased attention in the materials science and engineering community due to their demonstrated and theoretical promise in both...","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80264748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-07DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080819-011831
M. Azuma, H. Hojo, K. Oka, Hajime Yamamoto, K. Shimizu, K. Shigematsu, Y. Sakai
Perovskite ABO3 oxides that have Bi and Pb at the A site and transition metals at the B site, when stabilized by high-pressure synthesis at several gigapascals, provide a rich parameter space of fa...
{"title":"Functional Transition Metal Perovskite Oxides with 6s2 Lone Pair Activity Stabilized by High-Pressure Synthesis","authors":"M. Azuma, H. Hojo, K. Oka, Hajime Yamamoto, K. Shimizu, K. Shigematsu, Y. Sakai","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080819-011831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-080819-011831","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite ABO3 oxides that have Bi and Pb at the A site and transition metals at the B site, when stabilized by high-pressure synthesis at several gigapascals, provide a rich parameter space of fa...","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90191314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-05DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-092320-102133
H. Evans, Lingling Mao, R. Seshadri, A. Cheetham
Successful strategies for the design of crystalline materials with useful function are frequently based on the systematic tuning of chemical composition within a given structural family. Perovskites with the formula ABX3, perhaps the best-known example of such a family, have a vast range of elements on A, B, and X sites, which are associated with a similarly vast range of functionality. Layered double perovskites (LDPs), a subset of this family, are obtained by suitable slicing and restacking of the perovskite structure, with the additional design feature of ordered cations and/or anions. In addition to inorganic LDPs, we also discuss hybrid (organic-inorganic) LDPs here, where the A-site cation is a protonated organic amine. Several examples of inorganic LDPs are presented with a discussion of their ferroic, magnetic, and optical properties. The emerging area of hybrid LDPs is particularly rich and is leading to exciting discoveries of new compounds with unique structures and fascinating optoelectronic properties. We provide context for what is important to consider when designing new materials and conclude with a discussion of future opportunities in the broad LDP area.
{"title":"Layered Double Perovskites","authors":"H. Evans, Lingling Mao, R. Seshadri, A. Cheetham","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-092320-102133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-092320-102133","url":null,"abstract":"Successful strategies for the design of crystalline materials with useful function are frequently based on the systematic tuning of chemical composition within a given structural family. Perovskites with the formula ABX3, perhaps the best-known example of such a family, have a vast range of elements on A, B, and X sites, which are associated with a similarly vast range of functionality. Layered double perovskites (LDPs), a subset of this family, are obtained by suitable slicing and restacking of the perovskite structure, with the additional design feature of ordered cations and/or anions. In addition to inorganic LDPs, we also discuss hybrid (organic-inorganic) LDPs here, where the A-site cation is a protonated organic amine. Several examples of inorganic LDPs are presented with a discussion of their ferroic, magnetic, and optical properties. The emerging area of hybrid LDPs is particularly rich and is leading to exciting discoveries of new compounds with unique structures and fascinating optoelectronic properties. We provide context for what is important to consider when designing new materials and conclude with a discussion of future opportunities in the broad LDP area.","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75921393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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