Applied Geochemistry最新文献_第3页

Sulfide mineral weathering in century-old waste rock 百年老废岩中的硫化物矿物风化

IF 3.4 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Applied Geochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2026.106697

Andrew Hicks, Colleen O. Harper, Richard T. Amos

The weathering of sulfide minerals in mining waste-rock piles can release acidity and metals to the environment, potentially for many decades. Although the extent and mechanisms of weathering have been investigated in several studies, most have been done on relatively young waste rock and there is a lack of information on the long-term weathering in these systems. The Ore Chimney site is an abandoned prospecting property with a ∼10 kiloton waste-rock pile that has been in place for ∼100 years. This study provides a detailed mineralogical investigation of waste-rock samples from three vertical profiles obtained in trenches dug through the 5-m depth of the pile. Analysis included optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-Ray spectrometry, powdered X-ray diffraction, total carbon and sulfur analysis, and solid-phase digestions followed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission and mass spectrometry on both fine (<0.5 mm) and coarse (0.5–2 mm) fractions of sieved waste rock. The results show relatively uniform weathering throughout the waste-rock pile, and in the coarse and fine waste-rock fractions, with preferential weathering of sulfide minerals in the order sphalerite > galena > pyrite > chalcopyrite. Most sphalerite grains showed 10–30 % weathering of the exposed mineral surfaces, while the other sulfides showed no weathering in many of the grains. This study shows that despite ∼100 years of sub-aerial exposure, sulfide weathering continues, with preferential weathering of sphalerite limiting the oxidation of the other sulfide minerals and the release of acidity, while preserving the buffering capacity of carbonate minerals.

采矿废石堆中硫化物矿物的风化作用可以向环境释放酸度和金属，这种释放可能持续几十年。虽然一些研究已经对风化的程度和机制进行了调查，但大多数研究都是在相对年轻的废岩上进行的，并且缺乏这些系统中长期风化的信息。“矿烟囱”矿区是一个废弃的勘探区，这里有∼100年的∼1万吨级的废石堆。这项研究提供了一个详细的矿物学调查，从三个垂直剖面中获得的废石样本，挖掘穿过5米深的桩。分析方法包括光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和能量色散x射线光谱、粉末x射线衍射、总碳和硫分析，以及对筛选后的废石的细（<0.5 mm）和粗（0.5 - 2 mm）组分进行固相消化和电感耦合等离子体原子发射和质谱分析。结果表明：在整个废岩堆中，粗粒和细粒废岩组分中，风化作用相对均匀，硫化物矿物优先风化，顺序为闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿。大多数闪锌矿颗粒在暴露的矿物表面表现出10 ~ 30%的风化作用，而其他硫化物在许多颗粒中没有风化作用。该研究表明，尽管暴露在地下约100年，硫化物风化仍在继续，闪锌矿的优先风化限制了其他硫化物矿物的氧化和酸度的释放，同时保留了碳酸盐矿物的缓冲能力。

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引用次数: 0

Predicting the kinetics of Cu release and transport in contaminated soils in the field 田间污染土壤Cu释放和运移动力学预测

IF 3.4 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Applied Geochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2026.106698

Liang Dong , Rong Li , Wenxia Wang , Zhifang Xiao , Zezhen Ren , Qianting Ye , Zhenqing Shi

Accurately predicting heavy metal release from contaminated soils remains challenging because of heterogeneous sorption sites, dynamic organic-matter turnover, and transient hydrological forcing. Here we develop a unified multi-process kinetics model that couples multi-site adsorption–desorption, vertically resolved dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics, and water flow–solute transport to simulate copper (Cu) release in two contaminated field sites during rainfall events. We further accelerate the numerical solver with a machine-learning surrogate model, achieving more than 100-fold speed-up. Rainfall–evaporation experiments at two Cu-contaminated soils with contrasting textures and contamination levels showed that less than 5 % of total Cu was labile, and that soil organic matter dominated Cu binding. The model reproduced depth-resolved dissolved Cu profiles with symmetric mean absolute percentage errors of 26–30 %, by capturing rainfall-driven dilution, adsorption–desorption kinetics, and DOC-mediated mobilization. Our results show that short-term Cu mobility is controlled primarily by its labile fraction rather than total concentration, and that coupling carbon cycling with hydrodynamics is essential for field-scale predictions. This transferable modeling framework enables mechanistic and site-specific forecasts of heavy-metal fate under diverse and changing environmental conditions.

准确预测重金属从污染土壤释放仍然具有挑战性，因为不均匀的吸附位置，动态有机质周转和瞬态水文强迫。在此，我们建立了一个统一的多过程动力学模型，该模型耦合了多位点吸附-解吸，垂直溶解有机碳（DOC）动力学和水流-溶质运移，以模拟降雨事件中两个污染场地的铜（Cu）释放。我们使用机器学习代理模型进一步加速数值求解器，实现了超过100倍的加速。在两种不同质地和污染程度的Cu污染土壤上进行的降雨蒸发试验表明，Cu的挥发性低于5%，土壤有机质对Cu的结合起主导作用。该模型通过捕获降雨驱动的稀释、吸附-解吸动力学和doc介导的动员，再现了深度分辨的溶解铜剖面，对称平均绝对百分比误差为26 - 30%。我们的研究结果表明，短期铜迁移率主要由其不稳定部分而不是总浓度控制，并且将碳循环与流体动力学相结合对于现场规模的预测至关重要。这种可转移的建模框架能够在不同和不断变化的环境条件下对重金属的命运进行机械和特定地点的预测。

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引用次数: 0

Deciphering critical factors of rare metal mineralization: New insights from machine learning analysis of zircon geochemistry data 破译稀有金属矿化的关键因素：锆石地球化学数据的机器学习分析的新见解

IF 3.4 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Applied Geochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2026.106686

Yunfei Zhang , Lei Liu , Sun Jiandong , Heng Liu , Chuangye Zhang , Zhou Weijian

Rare metal (Li, Be, Nb, Ta, Rb, Cs) deposits, one of the world's primary sources of lithium, have seen rapidly growing demand due to the accelerated development of strategic emerging industries. The formation of these deposits is closely associated with magmatic-hydrothermal processes that produce highly fractionated pegmatites. However, post-mineralization processes can obscure geochemical signatures recorded in rocks and minerals, inevitably introducing uncertainty when using conventional discrimination diagrams to assess the mineralization potential of pegmatites. To address this uncertainty, we developed a novel semi-supervised machine learning (ML) approach that integrates XGBoost and BPNN (backpropagation neural network) in parallel fusion. This method leverages zircon trace element data to decipher critical mineralization indicators from single-mineral geochemical signatures, aiding in the effective evaluation of pegmatite mineralization potential. To ensure model transparency and interpretability, we employed Shapley Additive explanations (SHAP) for model interpretation. The results revealed the following: (1) high δCe-high U-high Eu values represent a diagnostic signature of granitic zircons; (2) high δEu-high Yb-high Pr values are characteristic of pegmatitic zircons; while (3) high Tb-high Nd-high Pr values comprise the key discriminant of zircons within mineralized pegmatites. The parallel-fused XGBoost + BPNN model demonstrates robust capability in differentiating between granite- and pegmatite-hosted zircons and zircons within mineralized and barren pegmatites, therefore providing a reliable tool for assessing regional rare metal mineralization potential.

稀有金属（Li、Be、Nb、Ta、Rb、Cs）矿床是世界上锂的主要来源之一，随着战略性新兴产业的加速发展，其需求迅速增长。这些矿床的形成与产生高分异伟晶岩的岩浆热液作用密切相关。然而，矿化后过程可以模糊岩石和矿物中记录的地球化学特征，不可避免地在使用常规判别图评估伟晶岩的成矿潜力时引入不确定性。为了解决这种不确定性，我们开发了一种新的半监督机器学习（ML）方法，该方法将XGBoost和BPNN（反向传播神经网络）并行融合。该方法利用锆石微量元素数据，从单矿物地球化学特征中破译关键成矿指标，有助于有效评价伟晶岩的成矿潜力。为了保证模型的透明性和可解释性，我们采用Shapley加性解释（SHAP）进行模型解释。结果表明：(1)高δ ce -高u -高Eu值是花岗岩锆石的诊断特征；(2)高δ eu -高yb -高Pr值是伟晶质锆石的特征；(3)高tb -高nd -高Pr值是矿化伟晶岩中锆石的关键判别指标。并行融合的XGBoost + BPNN模型在区分花岗岩和伟晶岩为主的锆石以及矿化和贫瘠伟晶岩中的锆石方面表现出强大的能力，因此为评估区域稀有金属成矿潜力提供了可靠的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of mixing pattern on oil-mineral aggregation and oil removal in coastal waters: A lab-scale study 混合模式对沿海水域油气聚集和除油的影响：实验室规模的研究

IF 3.4 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Applied Geochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106676

T.R. Akshaya , Ethayaraja Mani , K. Murali , Jan Schwarzbauer

Ensuing an oil spill, oil-mineral aggregates (OMAs) are formed due to the aggregation of dispersed oil droplets with suspended sediment particles such as clay minerals. This process mainly occurs in coastal areas where suspended sediments interact with the oil droplets formed by the turbulent action of the waves. To better understand the effect of the mixing patterns on OMA formation, we study the formation and oil removal percentage (ORP) of OMAs under two mixing conditions: (1) orbital shaker and (2) magnetic stirrer, representing inward and outward directional flow patterns, respectively, at similar mixing energies. It impacts OMA formation by altering droplet-particle collision frequency and the balance between aggregation and shear-induced breakup. The experiments are conducted using bentonite and kaolinite clay at various concentrations. The kinetics of ORP are analysed using a logistic saturation curve, and the kinetic parameters are determined. The findings of the study indicate that the ORP is higher for mixing conditions of the orbital shaker, which causes the fluid to move along the container wall creating a swirling motion. The fastest removal occurred at a concentration of 1 g/L for kaolinite OMAs. The maximum ORP was observed to be 70 % for kaolinite and 65 % for bentonite. This work establishes a clear understanding of the effect of the mixing flow directionality on ORP and OMA formation under various concentrations. These findings provide valuable insights into the natural attenuation of dispersed oil in coastal environments and improve the mitigation of the impacts of oil spills.

石油泄漏后，由于分散的油滴与悬浮的沉积物颗粒（如粘土矿物）聚集在一起，形成了石油矿物聚集体（OMAs）。这一过程主要发生在沿海地区，在那里悬浮的沉积物与波浪湍流作用形成的油滴相互作用。为了更好地了解混合模式对OMA形成的影响，我们研究了两种混合条件下OMA的形成和除油率（ORP）：(1)轨道振动器和(2)磁力搅拌器，分别代表向内和向外的方向流动模式，在相似的混合能量下。它通过改变液滴-颗粒碰撞频率以及聚集和剪切破碎之间的平衡来影响OMA的形成。实验采用不同浓度的膨润土和高岭土进行。用logistic饱和曲线分析了ORP的动力学，确定了动力学参数。研究结果表明，轨道激振器的混合条件下ORP更高，这使得流体沿着容器壁运动，产生旋转运动。高岭石型OMAs在浓度为1 g/L时去除速度最快。高岭石和膨润土的最大ORP分别为70%和65%。本研究明确了不同浓度下混合流方向对ORP和OMA形成的影响。这些发现对沿海环境中分散的石油的自然衰减提供了有价值的见解，并改善了石油泄漏影响的缓解。

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引用次数: 0

The origin and evolution of waters in the Miocene formation of the Carpathian Foredeep 喀尔巴阡前深中新世组水的起源与演化

IF 3.4 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Applied Geochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2026.106680

Marek Hajto , Barbara Uliasz-Misiak , Bogumiła Winid

The autochthonous Miocene molasse sediments filling the Carpathian Foredeep (SE Poland) are rich in mineralised waters. This study aimed to determine the origin and hydrogeochemical evolution of these waters. The analysis of mineralisation, chemical composition, and selected hydrochemical indicators of groundwater was used to identify their genesis and the processes that influenced their composition over geological time.

More than 2000 water analyses from Miocene formations were compiled and verified according to hydrogeochemical standards. The analysed parameters included TDS, chloride, sulphate, bicarbonate, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and bromide. Waters were grouped by depth and geographic location to assess spatial and vertical variability, and key ion ratios were calculated.

Most of the waters occurring in Miocene formations are of the sodium–chloride type, typical of zones isolated from active circulation. Their mineralisation increases irregularly with depth. According to hydrochemical indicators, Miocene waters are primarily brines or chloride waters genetically related to seawater. However, variance in chemical composition indicates partial infiltration by meteoric waters. Waters at various depths may contain components of infiltration origin.

Ion exchange and the dissolution or precipitation of carbonate and sulphate minerals were the main factors shaping water chemistry, alongside seawater evaporation and halite dissolution. Although groundwater chemistry does not differ significantly between the eastern and western parts of the basin, deeper horizons (below 1000 m b.g.l.) show greater variation.

The complexity of processes affecting Miocene formation waters is reflected in the lack of clear correlations among parameters.

喀尔巴阡前深（波兰东南部）中新世原生molasse沉积物富含矿化水。本研究旨在确定这些水体的成因和水文地球化学演化。通过对地下水的矿化、化学成分和选定的水化学指标的分析，确定了地下水的成因以及在地质时期影响其成分的过程。根据水文地球化学标准，编制并验证了2000余份中新世地层水分析资料。分析的参数包括TDS、氯化物、硫酸盐、碳酸氢盐、钠、钙、镁和溴化物。水域按深度和地理位置分组，以评估空间和垂直变化，并计算关键离子比率。中新世地层的大部分水是氯化钠型的，典型的与活跃环流隔离的带。它们的矿化程度随深度的增加而不规则增加。根据水化学指标，中新世水体主要是与海水有亲缘关系的咸水或氯化物水。然而，化学成分的变化表明大气水的部分渗透。不同深度的水可能含有渗透源成分。离子交换和碳酸盐和硫酸盐矿物的溶解或沉淀是形成水化学的主要因素，此外还有海水蒸发和岩盐溶解。虽然地下水化学成分在盆地的东部和西部之间没有显著差异，但更深的层位（低于1000 m b.g.l）显示出更大的变化。影响中新世地层水过程的复杂性反映在参数之间缺乏明确的相关性。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of a NaNO3 plume in a deep geological repository on the diffusion of dissolved gases in clay 深层地质库中NaNO3羽流对粘土中溶解气体扩散的影响

IF 3.4 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Applied Geochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2026.106681

Elke Jacops , Chloé Roonacker , Hannes Claes , Lander Frederickx , Anneleen Vanleeuw , Quoc Tri Phung , Jerry Peprah Owusu , Sergey V. Churakov , Jon Harrington , Andrew Wiseall , Christophe Bruggeman

In the framework of the geological disposal of high and intermediate-level long-lived radioactive waste, the Boom Clay is considered as a potential host formation in Belgium. Boom Clay has suitable characteristics that limit the mass transport of dissolved species. Since gas generation in geological repositories is unavoidable, its dissipation needs to be evaluated. This study focuses on the gas diffusion properties in the case of a geochemical perturbation of the near field of Boom Clay, caused by NaNO₃ leaching from Eurobitumen bituminised waste. The diffusion of 4 gases (He, CH₄, Xe, and C₂H₆) was measured in intact and chemically (with NaNO₃) disturbed samples and the change in diffusion coefficients after perturbation was assessed. Intact and disturbed samples were petrographically and petrophysically characterised. Results of this study show that most of the clay properties are not altered by the chemical perturbation. The parameter which changed significantly is the specific surface area, which decreased 40–60 % in the chemically disturbed samples. Water transport (hydraulic conductivity) is not influenced by the perturbation. For diffusivity of dissolved gases and HTO, the differences are not significant as they are within the uncertainty boundaries. Molecular dynamics simulations in montmorillonite revealed that the clay interlayer might potentially shrink or even collapse due to the chemical and osmotic potential differences induced by geochemical perturbation (NaNO₃). The reduced volume of the interlayer porosity did not impact the diffusion of dissolved gases. The key message of this study is that a perturbation of clay with 1 M NaNO₃ will not significantly alter the transport properties of dissolved gases in the near field. This information is of relevance for the development of a geological disposal concept of bituminised waste in Boom Clay.

在高水平和中水平长寿命放射性废物的地质处置框架中，Boom粘土被认为是比利时潜在的宿主地层。Boom Clay具有适当的特性，限制了溶解物种的质量迁移。由于地质储气库的生气是不可避免的，因此需要对其耗散进行评估。本研究的重点是在由Eurobitumen沥青化废物中NaNO3浸出引起的Boom粘土近场地球化学扰动情况下的气体扩散特性。测量了4种气体（He, CH4， Xe和C2H6）在完整样品和化学（NaNO3）扰动样品中的扩散，并评估了扰动后扩散系数的变化。对完整样品和扰动样品进行了岩石学和岩石物理表征。研究结果表明，化学扰动对粘土的大部分性质没有影响。变化较大的参数是比表面积，化学扰动后的样品比表面积下降了40 - 60%。水的输送（水力导电性）不受扰动的影响。对于溶解气体的扩散系数和HTO，由于它们在不确定度范围内，差异不显著。蒙脱土分子动力学模拟表明，由于地球化学扰动（NaNO3）引起的化学和渗透电位差，蒙脱土间层可能会收缩甚至坍塌。层间孔隙度的减小对溶解气体的扩散没有影响。本研究的关键信息是，1 M NaNO3对粘土的扰动不会显著改变近场溶解气体的输运性质。这一信息对于在Boom Clay中发展沥青化废物的地质处置概念是相关的。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrochemical evolution and response mechanisms in multiple aquifers affected by coal mining activities: Insights from machine learning and inverse geochemical modeling 受煤矿开采影响的多含水层水化学演化与响应机制：来自机器学习和逆地球化学建模的见解

IF 3.4 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Applied Geochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2026.106683

Chang Lu , Huiyong Yin , Wenju Cheng , Fangying Dong , Weijie Zhang , Biao Li , Yankun Jia

Extensive coal mining has significantly altered hydrogeological systems by enhancing aquifer connectivity and changing groundwater chemistry, which poses environmental and health risks. Traditional hydrochemical methods often fail to fully capture these mining-induced impacts. To better capture mining impacts, 127 groundwater samples from three aquifers were analyzed using hydrochemical techniques and clustering algorithms including SOM and K-Means. The results show that ion exchange, carbonate and silicate dissolution, and water–rock interactions drive groundwater evolution under mining disturbances. Major ions such as Na⁺, HCO₃⁻, and SO₄²⁻ display clear spatial variation and enrichment patterns. Clustering divided the samples into seven hydrochemical types, reflecting differences in aquifer connectivity and geochemical processes. PHREEQC inverse modeling further quantified mineral transformations, confirming the combined roles of pyrite oxidation, carbonate dissolution, and cation exchange. Mining-enhanced hydraulic connections between the Sandstone and 3# Limestone aquifers led to similar hydrochemical features, while the deeper Ordovician aquifer maintained distinct signatures due to limited disturbance. These results support a conceptual model of “mining disturbance–fracture connectivity–hydraulic linkage–hydrochemical evolution,” providing a scientific basis for mitigating acid mine drainage and advancing sustainable groundwater and mineral resource management in mining regions.

广泛的煤炭开采通过增强含水层连通性和改变地下水化学，极大地改变了水文地质系统，这带来了环境和健康风险。传统的水化学方法往往不能完全捕捉这些采矿引起的影响。为了更好地捕捉采矿影响，使用水化学技术和聚类算法（包括SOM和K-Means）对来自三个含水层的127个地下水样本进行了分析。结果表明，在采矿扰动下，离子交换、碳酸盐和硅酸盐溶解以及水岩相互作用驱动地下水演化。Na+、HCO3−和SO42−等主要离子表现出明显的空间变化和富集规律。聚类将样品分为7种水化学类型，反映了含水层连通性和地球化学过程的差异。PHREEQC逆向建模进一步量化了矿物转化，确认了黄铁矿氧化、碳酸盐溶解和阳离子交换的综合作用。砂岩含水层与3#灰岩含水层之间的水力连接因开采而增强，导致水化学特征相似，而深层奥陶系含水层由于受到有限的干扰而保持了明显的特征。研究结果支持了“开采扰动-裂缝连通性-水力联动-水化学演化”的概念模型，为缓解矿山酸性排水、推进矿区地下水和矿产资源可持续管理提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

A common ontology for stable isotope data 稳定同位素数据的通用本体

IF 3.4 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Applied Geochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2026.106682

Nina Welti , Steph Hawkins , Kathryn Waltenberg , Cath Hughes , Jagoda Crawford , Yanfeng Shu , Regina Campbell , Alex Leslie , Athina Puccini , Christoph Gerber , Axel Suckow , Geoff Fraser , Lian Flick

Stable isotope data has broad applicability across multiple science domains. As more datasets are published and stable isotope data systems are built, the findability and accessibility of stable isotope data increases. However, due to a lack of a common reporting framework, the interoperability of these data systems is limited. A common ontology is needed so stable isotope data systems and published datasets can be translated into a common format without disrupting existing data models or introducing complex workflows. This common ontology for stable isotope data and associated metadata offers a methodology to achieve cross-domain interoperability of environmental stable isotope data. It functions as a straightforward data stewardship tool to enhance the findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reuse (FAIR principles) of stable isotope data across disciplines. Ultimately, this ontology aims to make existing data systems cohesive, interoperable, and discoverable across the entire measurement pipeline, encompassing publicly accessible repositories, peer-reviewed literature, and grey literature.

稳定同位素数据在多个科学领域具有广泛的适用性。随着越来越多的数据集的发布和稳定同位素数据系统的建立，稳定同位素数据的可寻性和可及性不断提高。然而，由于缺乏通用的报告框架，这些数据系统的互操作性受到限制。需要一个共同的本体，这样稳定的同位素数据系统和已发布的数据集就可以转换成一个共同的格式，而不会破坏现有的数据模型或引入复杂的工作流程。这种稳定同位素数据和相关元数据的通用本体为实现环境稳定同位素数据的跨域互操作性提供了一种方法。它的功能是作为一个简单的数据管理工具，以增强跨学科稳定同位素数据的可查找性、可访问性、互操作性和重用（FAIR原则）。最终，该本体旨在使现有的数据系统在整个度量管道中具有内聚性、互操作性和可发现性，包括可公开访问的存储库、同行评审的文献和灰色文献。

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引用次数: 0

Behaviour of Mo(VI), Eu(III) and U(VI) in calcium-silicate-hydrate phases: Immobilisation and dynamic remobilisation under repository-relevant conditions Mo(VI), Eu（III）和U（VI）在钙硅酸盐水合物相中的行为：在储存库相关条件下的固定化和动态再活化

IF 3.4 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Applied Geochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2026.106684

Aaron Haben, Nico Bachmann, Jan Jakob Langer, Ralf Kautenburger

Calcium-silicate-hydrate (C–S–H) phases play an essential role as a geotechnical barrier in high-level nuclear waste (HLW) repositories. To guarantee the long-term safety of a HLW disposal site, it is important to know how and to which degree radionuclides are retained by C–S–H phases. To this date, only little to no data on the remobilisation dynamics of the repository-relevant elements Mo(VI), Eu(III) and U(VI) under realistic conditions are available. In this study, C–S–H phases incorporating these elements were synthesised, the element immobilisation was quantified via ICP-QQQ and their structure was investigated via X-ray diffractometry. All C–S–H phases had a calcium-silicon ratio (C/S) of 1.066 ± 0.003 and no relevant structural influences of the studied elements could be observed. In all cases, quantitative immobilisation was observed for Eu(III) and U(VI), whereas Mo(VI) was retained/incorporated to only about 50 %. Afterwards, their leaching behaviour with ultrapure water was studied in batch and mini-column experiments (MCE). Mo(VI) was remobilised quickly, while Eu(III) and U(VI) were retained nearly quantitatively. Due to the more realistic and therefore more representative conditions, further experiments to investigate the effects of three repository-relevant parameters were conducted only using MCE. A higher ionic strength significantly enhanced U(VI) remobilisation, while Eu(III) and Mo(VI) remained nearly unaffected. The displacement agents Fe(III) and Tb(III) only affected Mo(VI)'s remobilisation by retarding it. The addition of a complexing agent (2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid; PBTC) led to a delayed remobilisation of Mo(VI), while Eu(III) and U(VI) were remobilised to some degree after sufficient PBTC eluation. Overall, this work delivers important information on key processes relevant to nuclear waste disposal.

硅酸钙水合物（C-S-H）相在高放核废料（HLW）储存库中起着重要的岩土屏障作用。为了保证高放射性废物处置场地的长期安全，了解放射性核素如何以及在多大程度上被C-S-H相保留是很重要的。到目前为止，关于在现实条件下与储存库有关的元素Mo（VI）、Eu（III）和U（VI）的再动员动态，只有很少甚至没有数据。本研究合成了含有这些元素的C-S-H相，通过ICP-QQQ定量了元素的固定作用，并通过x射线衍射研究了它们的结构。所有C - S - h相的钙硅比（C/S）均为1.066±0.003，未观察到所研究元素对结构的影响。在所有情况下，Eu（III）和U（VI）都被定量固定，而Mo（VI）仅保留/结合到约50%。在此基础上，采用间歇式和微型柱式实验研究了它们在超纯水中的浸出行为。Mo（VI）被迅速调动，而Eu（III）和U（VI）几乎被定量保留。由于条件更真实，因此更具有代表性，因此仅使用MCE进行了进一步的实验，以研究三个与库相关的参数的影响。较高的离子强度显著增强了U（VI）的再活化，而Eu（III）和Mo（VI）几乎不受影响。置换剂Fe（III）和Tb（III）仅通过延缓Mo（VI）的再活化来影响Mo（VI）的再活化。配合剂（2-膦丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸；PBTC）的加入导致Mo（VI）的再活化延迟，而Eu（III）和U（VI）在充分的PBTC洗脱后在一定程度上被再活化。总的来说，这项工作提供了与核废料处理有关的关键过程的重要信息。

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引用次数: 0

The mechanisms and advances in the significant carbon sequestration potential of karst water 岩溶水显著固碳潜力的机理与研究进展

IF 3.4 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Applied Geochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2026.106678

Fan Xia , Guanxia Cai , Min Zhao , Haibo He , Roohollah Noori , Qian Bao , Bo Chen , Yongqiang Zhou

Carbon sequestration and stabilization and their regulatory mechanisms are key issues in studies of inland water carbon cycles, especially in karst areas. Biological carbon pump transforms the timescales for carbon storage from short to long durations through photosynthesis. However, carbon sequestration is not equal to carbon storage. The research on refractory dissolved organic matter (RDOM) in inland water bodies has not been widely conducted. Here, the formation mechanism, environmental factors, temporal and spatial patterns and carbon sink effect of RDOM are discussed. Our review indicates that dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and calcium in the water are important factors affecting the composition of DOM, and they also have an indirect impact on the chemical and biological community structure, regulating the strength of the biological carbon pump (BCP) and microbial carbon pump (MCP). We also estimated the production rate of autochthonous RDOM in karst water bodies to be varied from 0.92 to 23.00 mg m⁻²∙d⁻¹, which is greater than that in marine ecosystems (i.e., 1.55 mg m⁻²∙d⁻¹ in the South China Sea). It indicates that karst surface water, which is rich in DIC, is conducive to the accumulation and preservation of DOM. The research provides a new perspective for understanding the role of karst water in the global carbon cycle and emphasizes the importance of microorganisms in carbon storage in inland water bodies.

碳固存与稳定及其调控机制是内陆水碳循环研究的关键问题，特别是喀斯特地区。生物碳泵通过光合作用将碳储存的时间尺度从短时间转变为长时间。然而，碳固存并不等于碳储存。内陆水体中难溶性有机物（RDOM）的研究尚未得到广泛开展。本文对RDOM的形成机制、环境因素、时空格局和碳汇效应进行了探讨。综上所述，水体中溶解无机碳（DIC）和钙是影响DOM组成的重要因素，它们还间接影响化学和生物群落结构，调节生物碳泵（BCP）和微生物碳泵（MCP）的强度。岩溶水体原生RDOM的生成速率为0.92 ~ 23.00 mg m−2∙d−1，高于海洋生态系统（南海为1.55 mg m−2∙d−1）。这说明富含DIC的岩溶地表水有利于DOM的积累和保存。该研究为认识喀斯特水在全球碳循环中的作用提供了新的视角，并强调了微生物在内陆水体碳储存中的重要性。

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引用次数: 0