Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1186/s13213-024-01764-9
Mohamed M. Gharieb, Aya Rizk, Nora Elfeky
Resistance to antifungal medications poses a significant obstacle in combating fungal infections. The development of novel therapeutics for Candida albicans is necessary due to the increasing resistance of candidiasis to the existing medications. The utilization of biological control is seen as a more advantageous and less hazardous strategy therefore the objective of this study is to identify the antifungal properties of Bacillus subtilis against pathogenic C. albicans. We conducted a study to evaluate the antifungal properties of three bacterial isolates against the human pathogen Candida albicans. One of the bacterial isolates exhibited a potent antifungal activity against this fungal pathogen. This bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis based on the 16Sr RNA gene sequence. It exhibited inhibitory efficacy ranging from 33.5 to 44.4% against 15 Candida isolates. The optimal incubation duration for achieving the maximum antifungal activity was determined to be 48 h, resulting in a mean inhibition zone diameter of 29 ± 0.39 mm. The Potato Dextrose agar (PDA) medium was the best medium for the most effective antifungal activity. Incubation temperature of 25oC and medium pH value of 8.0 were the most favorable conditions for maximum antagonistic activity that resulted fungal growth inhibition of 40 ± 0.16 and 36 ± 0.94 mm respectively. Furthermore, the addition of 10.5 mg/ml of bacterial filtrate to C. albicans colonies resulted in 86.51%. decrease in the number of germinated cells. The fungal cell ultrastructural responses due to exposure to B. subtilis filtrate after 48 h were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It revealed primary a drastic abnormality that lead to cellular disintegration including folding and lysis of the cell wall, total collapse of the yeast cells, and malformed germ tube following the exposure to the filtrate. However, the control culture treatment had a characteristic morphology of the normal fungal cells featuring a consistently dense central region, a well-organized nucleus, and a cytoplasm containing several components of the endomembrane system. The cells were surrounded by a uniform and intact cell wall. The current study demonstrates a notable antifungal properties of B. subtilis against C. albicans as a result of production of bioactive components of the bacterial exudate. This finding could be a promising natural antifungal agent that could be utilized to combat C. albicans.
{"title":"Anticandidal activity of a wild Bacillus subtilis NAM against clinical isolates of pathogenic Candida albicans","authors":"Mohamed M. Gharieb, Aya Rizk, Nora Elfeky","doi":"10.1186/s13213-024-01764-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-024-01764-9","url":null,"abstract":"Resistance to antifungal medications poses a significant obstacle in combating fungal infections. The development of novel therapeutics for Candida albicans is necessary due to the increasing resistance of candidiasis to the existing medications. The utilization of biological control is seen as a more advantageous and less hazardous strategy therefore the objective of this study is to identify the antifungal properties of Bacillus subtilis against pathogenic C. albicans. We conducted a study to evaluate the antifungal properties of three bacterial isolates against the human pathogen Candida albicans. One of the bacterial isolates exhibited a potent antifungal activity against this fungal pathogen. This bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis based on the 16Sr RNA gene sequence. It exhibited inhibitory efficacy ranging from 33.5 to 44.4% against 15 Candida isolates. The optimal incubation duration for achieving the maximum antifungal activity was determined to be 48 h, resulting in a mean inhibition zone diameter of 29 ± 0.39 mm. The Potato Dextrose agar (PDA) medium was the best medium for the most effective antifungal activity. Incubation temperature of 25oC and medium pH value of 8.0 were the most favorable conditions for maximum antagonistic activity that resulted fungal growth inhibition of 40 ± 0.16 and 36 ± 0.94 mm respectively. Furthermore, the addition of 10.5 mg/ml of bacterial filtrate to C. albicans colonies resulted in 86.51%. decrease in the number of germinated cells. The fungal cell ultrastructural responses due to exposure to B. subtilis filtrate after 48 h were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It revealed primary a drastic abnormality that lead to cellular disintegration including folding and lysis of the cell wall, total collapse of the yeast cells, and malformed germ tube following the exposure to the filtrate. However, the control culture treatment had a characteristic morphology of the normal fungal cells featuring a consistently dense central region, a well-organized nucleus, and a cytoplasm containing several components of the endomembrane system. The cells were surrounded by a uniform and intact cell wall. The current study demonstrates a notable antifungal properties of B. subtilis against C. albicans as a result of production of bioactive components of the bacterial exudate. This finding could be a promising natural antifungal agent that could be utilized to combat C. albicans.","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141738350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1186/s13213-024-01768-5
Manjeet Sharan, P. Dhaka, J. Bedi, Nitin Mehta, Randhir Singh
{"title":"Assessment of biofilm-forming capacity and multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from animal-source foods: implications for lactic acid bacteria intervention","authors":"Manjeet Sharan, P. Dhaka, J. Bedi, Nitin Mehta, Randhir Singh","doi":"10.1186/s13213-024-01768-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-024-01768-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-29DOI: 10.1186/s13213-024-01765-8
Qifeng Liu
Fenofibrate is a compound with diverse biological properties that can be utilized to lower blood lipids. Understanding the impact of the gut microbiota in hyperlipidemia is vital for controlling systemic inflammation and improving serum lipid control. Nevertheless, the specific effects of fenofibrate on the phenotype and gene expression of resident gut bacteria, as well as its influence on the transformation of microbial metabolism into functional networks, remain unclear. In this study, our aimed to examine the gene and metabolic pathways of the gut microbiota in a hamster fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and administered fenofibrate. In this study, we conducted metagenomic analyses on samples from HFD hamsters treated with fenofibrate. The results indicated that fenofibrate treatments significantly reduce the serum lipid levels in hyperlipidemia hamsters. And the group treated with fenofibrate exhibited higher levels of beneficial bacterial species associated with health, including Bacteroides ovatus, Bifidobacterium animalis, Bacteroides intestinalis, Allobaculum stercoricanis, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Bacteroides acidifaciens, in comparison to the HFD group. Additionally, analysis of metabolic pathways demonstrated that dietary fenofibrate significantly enhanced the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism, while reducing glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and nonribosomal peptide structures. Furthermore, these metabolic pathway changes were associated with relative alterations in the abundance of genes from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, namely K01667, K11358, K13953, K04072, K06131, K00655, K04567, K02864, K06409, K05366, K01867, K21071, and K13292. Moreover, significant changes were observed in related to carbohydrate and antibiotic resistance, such as glycosyltransferase family 51 (GT51) as well as adeC, carA, and MexT. Dietary fenofibrate exerted significant effects on intestinal flora and genes related to lipid, energy, and amino acid metabolism, ultimately promoting a healthier colonic environment for the host. And these findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of fenofibrate and provide a valuable foundation for future experimental and clinical studies, aiming to explore its practical applications.
{"title":"Fenofibrate alleviates the composition and metabolic pathways of gut microbiota in high-fat diet treated hamsters","authors":"Qifeng Liu","doi":"10.1186/s13213-024-01765-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-024-01765-8","url":null,"abstract":"Fenofibrate is a compound with diverse biological properties that can be utilized to lower blood lipids. Understanding the impact of the gut microbiota in hyperlipidemia is vital for controlling systemic inflammation and improving serum lipid control. Nevertheless, the specific effects of fenofibrate on the phenotype and gene expression of resident gut bacteria, as well as its influence on the transformation of microbial metabolism into functional networks, remain unclear. In this study, our aimed to examine the gene and metabolic pathways of the gut microbiota in a hamster fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and administered fenofibrate. In this study, we conducted metagenomic analyses on samples from HFD hamsters treated with fenofibrate. The results indicated that fenofibrate treatments significantly reduce the serum lipid levels in hyperlipidemia hamsters. And the group treated with fenofibrate exhibited higher levels of beneficial bacterial species associated with health, including Bacteroides ovatus, Bifidobacterium animalis, Bacteroides intestinalis, Allobaculum stercoricanis, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Bacteroides acidifaciens, in comparison to the HFD group. Additionally, analysis of metabolic pathways demonstrated that dietary fenofibrate significantly enhanced the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism, while reducing glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and nonribosomal peptide structures. Furthermore, these metabolic pathway changes were associated with relative alterations in the abundance of genes from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, namely K01667, K11358, K13953, K04072, K06131, K00655, K04567, K02864, K06409, K05366, K01867, K21071, and K13292. Moreover, significant changes were observed in related to carbohydrate and antibiotic resistance, such as glycosyltransferase family 51 (GT51) as well as adeC, carA, and MexT. Dietary fenofibrate exerted significant effects on intestinal flora and genes related to lipid, energy, and amino acid metabolism, ultimately promoting a healthier colonic environment for the host. And these findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of fenofibrate and provide a valuable foundation for future experimental and clinical studies, aiming to explore its practical applications.","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-28DOI: 10.1186/s13213-024-01769-4
Huihui Xu, Beiyu Zhang, Pan Yu, Meng Sun, Lu Xie, Lanming Chen
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading seafood borne pathogen worldwide. The aim of this study was to decipher the response mechanism of V. parahaemolyticus isolates of clinical and aquatic animal origins to the hypoxic condition, which challenges the bacterial survival in the host and in the environment. Growth profiles of V. parahaemolyticus isolates (n = 5) of clinical and aquatic animal origins were examined at different stress conditions (osmolality, acid, temperature, and O2 concentrations). Draft genomes of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were determined using the Illumina sequencing technique. Comparative genomic analysis were performed to identify and validate the hypoxic tolerance-related genes. The V. parahaemolyticus isolates had an oxygen concentration-dependent growth mode, and the 10% O2 condition strongly inhibited the bacterial growth, when incubated in TSB medium (pH 8.5, 3% NaCl) at 37 °C. Unexpectedly, in marked contrast to the normal 21% O2 condition, the 10% O2 treatment for 24 h significantly increased biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus isolates (p < 0.05). Draft genome sequences of four V. parahaemolyticus isolates of aquatic animal origins were determined (4.914–5.3530 Mb), which carried mobile genetic elements (n = 12–29). Genome-wide gene expression changes triggered by the hypoxic condition were further examined. Comparative transcriptomic analyses unveiled multiple molecular strategies employed by the bacterium to mitigate the cell damage caused by the hypoxia. Of note, the pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus ATCC17802 down-regulated and/or shut down ten metabolic pathways to reduce cell viability and maintain cell structure under the hypoxic stress. The results of this study fill prior gaps in the response mechanism of V. parahaemolyticus to the hypoxic condition. Different tolerance to hypoxia contributes to the persistence of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in the niches.
{"title":"Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal distinct response strategies to hypoxia by Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates of clinical and aquatic animal origins","authors":"Huihui Xu, Beiyu Zhang, Pan Yu, Meng Sun, Lu Xie, Lanming Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13213-024-01769-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-024-01769-4","url":null,"abstract":"Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading seafood borne pathogen worldwide. The aim of this study was to decipher the response mechanism of V. parahaemolyticus isolates of clinical and aquatic animal origins to the hypoxic condition, which challenges the bacterial survival in the host and in the environment. Growth profiles of V. parahaemolyticus isolates (n = 5) of clinical and aquatic animal origins were examined at different stress conditions (osmolality, acid, temperature, and O2 concentrations). Draft genomes of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were determined using the Illumina sequencing technique. Comparative genomic analysis were performed to identify and validate the hypoxic tolerance-related genes. The V. parahaemolyticus isolates had an oxygen concentration-dependent growth mode, and the 10% O2 condition strongly inhibited the bacterial growth, when incubated in TSB medium (pH 8.5, 3% NaCl) at 37 °C. Unexpectedly, in marked contrast to the normal 21% O2 condition, the 10% O2 treatment for 24 h significantly increased biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus isolates (p < 0.05). Draft genome sequences of four V. parahaemolyticus isolates of aquatic animal origins were determined (4.914–5.3530 Mb), which carried mobile genetic elements (n = 12–29). Genome-wide gene expression changes triggered by the hypoxic condition were further examined. Comparative transcriptomic analyses unveiled multiple molecular strategies employed by the bacterium to mitigate the cell damage caused by the hypoxia. Of note, the pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus ATCC17802 down-regulated and/or shut down ten metabolic pathways to reduce cell viability and maintain cell structure under the hypoxic stress. The results of this study fill prior gaps in the response mechanism of V. parahaemolyticus to the hypoxic condition. Different tolerance to hypoxia contributes to the persistence of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in the niches.","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1186/s13213-024-01761-y
Sri Sathya Sandilya Garimella, Sai Vennela Rachakonda, Sai Sowmya Pratapa, Gnana Divya Mannem, Ganesh Mahidhara
{"title":"From cells to power cells: harnessing bacterial electron transport for microbial fuel cells (MFCs)","authors":"Sri Sathya Sandilya Garimella, Sai Vennela Rachakonda, Sai Sowmya Pratapa, Gnana Divya Mannem, Ganesh Mahidhara","doi":"10.1186/s13213-024-01761-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-024-01761-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141228633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1186/s13213-024-01766-7
Alaric Prins, Siphosethu S. Dyani, Jo-Marie Vreulink, Luis A. Maldonado, Marilize Le Roes-Hill
South Africa is known for its great biodiversity. The Agulhas Plain represents one such unique environment where low-gradient topography has resulted in extensive wetland formation. It is fed by two major river systems, bringing in brackish, alkaline water. It has been exposed to major marine transgression and regression events, and harbours great Fynbos diversity as well as a Mediterranean-type climate, thereby creating unique ecosystems. It is therefore surprising that little is known about the bacterial diversity associated with the Agulhas Plain and associated marine ecosystems. In this study, we focused on the actinobacterial diversity (Phylum Actinomycetota) associated with an emerging peatland on the Agulhas Plain (SF; Areas 1–3) and a marine site (ANP; Ocean, Rocky, Dry) located 10 km away from SF. A combined metataxanomics and isolation approach was taken to evaluate the actinobacterial diversity of the sampling sites and to determine the effect of environmental physicochemical parameters on these populations. Various genome analyses were performed on an Sva0096 marine bin to gain insight into its ecological role. Metataxanomics showed that the two sites shared defined major taxa, including Blastococcus, Geodermatophilus, Microbacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardioides, Streptomyces, and the Sva0996 marine group. Analysis of the biosynthetic potential of an Sva0996 marine bin134 (obtained from GenBank) provided insights into the potential ecological role of this group of bacteria in both the marine and terrestrial environments. Higher actinobacterial diversity (Shannon index > 5) was observed for Areas 2 and 3 (SF), as well as the ANP Dry samples. The actinobacterial population composition was found to be driven by salinity, pH, Mn, and Ca, with certain areas of SF exhibiting similar (and even higher) salinity (SF: 70–100 Ω vs. ANP: 100–160 Ω) and lower pH levels (SF: 6.3-8.0 vs. ANP: 8.6–8.9) to that of the marine environment. This snapshot study has provided some insights into the actinobacterial diversity of the two sites studied. Analysis of an Sva0096 marine bin134 provided further insights into the potential ability of the Sva0096 marine group to survive in a unique terrestrial environment that is periodically exposed to environmental pressures that mimic the marine environment.
{"title":"Actinobacteria diversity associated with marine sediments and a wetland system, Agulhas-South Africa","authors":"Alaric Prins, Siphosethu S. Dyani, Jo-Marie Vreulink, Luis A. Maldonado, Marilize Le Roes-Hill","doi":"10.1186/s13213-024-01766-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-024-01766-7","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa is known for its great biodiversity. The Agulhas Plain represents one such unique environment where low-gradient topography has resulted in extensive wetland formation. It is fed by two major river systems, bringing in brackish, alkaline water. It has been exposed to major marine transgression and regression events, and harbours great Fynbos diversity as well as a Mediterranean-type climate, thereby creating unique ecosystems. It is therefore surprising that little is known about the bacterial diversity associated with the Agulhas Plain and associated marine ecosystems. In this study, we focused on the actinobacterial diversity (Phylum Actinomycetota) associated with an emerging peatland on the Agulhas Plain (SF; Areas 1–3) and a marine site (ANP; Ocean, Rocky, Dry) located 10 km away from SF. A combined metataxanomics and isolation approach was taken to evaluate the actinobacterial diversity of the sampling sites and to determine the effect of environmental physicochemical parameters on these populations. Various genome analyses were performed on an Sva0096 marine bin to gain insight into its ecological role. Metataxanomics showed that the two sites shared defined major taxa, including Blastococcus, Geodermatophilus, Microbacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardioides, Streptomyces, and the Sva0996 marine group. Analysis of the biosynthetic potential of an Sva0996 marine bin134 (obtained from GenBank) provided insights into the potential ecological role of this group of bacteria in both the marine and terrestrial environments. Higher actinobacterial diversity (Shannon index > 5) was observed for Areas 2 and 3 (SF), as well as the ANP Dry samples. The actinobacterial population composition was found to be driven by salinity, pH, Mn, and Ca, with certain areas of SF exhibiting similar (and even higher) salinity (SF: 70–100 Ω vs. ANP: 100–160 Ω) and lower pH levels (SF: 6.3-8.0 vs. ANP: 8.6–8.9) to that of the marine environment. This snapshot study has provided some insights into the actinobacterial diversity of the two sites studied. Analysis of an Sva0096 marine bin134 provided further insights into the potential ability of the Sva0096 marine group to survive in a unique terrestrial environment that is periodically exposed to environmental pressures that mimic the marine environment.","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141197476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over time, the amount of germs resistant to antibacterial medications has been steadily rising because of their prolonged and indiscriminate use. The increase in drug resistance significantly threatens to human health and has become a globally recognized issue of concern. Therefore, identifying new antibacterial drugs is urgently needed. Polysaccharides are natural macromolecular substances that exist in plants, microorganisms, and animals, They have an immense amount of use in the food and medical industries. Polysaccharides can be categorized as plant, animal, or microbial based on the sources of the polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are natural compounds with antibacterial properties that exerts antibacterial activity by disrupting bacterial cell walls and cell membranes. They show potential as candidates for the creation and application of novel antibiotics. This article reviews the classification of polysaccharides, their isolation and purification, mechanisms of action, and antibacterial activity. The primary objective of this study is to lay down an empirical groundwork for examining the antibacterial properties of polysaccharides.
{"title":"Research progress on the polysaccharide extraction and antibacterial activity","authors":"Lihui Liang, Qihang Su, Yu Ma, Shuzhen Zhao, Huanjie Zhang, Xiaofeng Gao","doi":"10.1186/s13213-024-01762-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-024-01762-x","url":null,"abstract":"Over time, the amount of germs resistant to antibacterial medications has been steadily rising because of their prolonged and indiscriminate use. The increase in drug resistance significantly threatens to human health and has become a globally recognized issue of concern. Therefore, identifying new antibacterial drugs is urgently needed. Polysaccharides are natural macromolecular substances that exist in plants, microorganisms, and animals, They have an immense amount of use in the food and medical industries. Polysaccharides can be categorized as plant, animal, or microbial based on the sources of the polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are natural compounds with antibacterial properties that exerts antibacterial activity by disrupting bacterial cell walls and cell membranes. They show potential as candidates for the creation and application of novel antibiotics. This article reviews the classification of polysaccharides, their isolation and purification, mechanisms of action, and antibacterial activity. The primary objective of this study is to lay down an empirical groundwork for examining the antibacterial properties of polysaccharides.","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hundreds of millions of tons coal fly ash are produced annually to support economic development and industrial production. However, directly applying coal fly ash to agricultural production can decrease the land productivity and pose a threat to the ecosystem due to the poor physicochemical properties and seriously heavy metal pollution. In this study, a field experiment to investigate the effects of coal fly ash as a soil amendment was conducted in Hebei province, China. The coal fly ash (CFA) soil field was mixed with the carrier soil (CS, without containing coal fly ash) at different rates (0–40% mass content) in the 0–20 cm layer of top soil and then mixed with a rotovator. The soil was then amended with 0.45–1.80 kg·m− 2 of G1 soil amendment for planting corn. The purpose of this study is to investigate the response mechanism of soil microbial community activities, and soil physicochemical properties to soil amendment and carrier soil in coal fly ash soil. The study found that the G1 amendment, which consisted of humic acid, polyacrylamide, zeolite powder, and FeSO4·7H2O, improved the soil chemical properties and physical structure by increasing soil bulk density and macroaggregates. The highest corn yield was observed in B5 (20% CS and 1.3500 kg·m− 2 G1). Meanwhile, the abundance of microorganisms that facilitate the circulation of soil nutrients such as Acidobacteria (77.05%), Sphingomonas (25.60%), Nitrospira (20.78%), Streptomyces (11.32%), and Gaiella (10.20%) was increased. Overall, our results indicate that the use of coal fly ash soil as a amendment can enhance soil sustainability by improving soil microbial functions. These findings provide a reference for the development and application of coal fly ash soil amendments.
{"title":"Responses of soil microbial community activities and soil physicochemical properties to coal fly ash soil amendment","authors":"Fangze Li, Tianqi Qi, Ge Zhang, Xingjie Lin, Xiaohua Li, Zhenqing Wu, Shuhui Men, Hongchao Liu, Shiwei Zhang, Zhanbin Huang","doi":"10.1186/s13213-024-01758-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-024-01758-7","url":null,"abstract":"Hundreds of millions of tons coal fly ash are produced annually to support economic development and industrial production. However, directly applying coal fly ash to agricultural production can decrease the land productivity and pose a threat to the ecosystem due to the poor physicochemical properties and seriously heavy metal pollution. In this study, a field experiment to investigate the effects of coal fly ash as a soil amendment was conducted in Hebei province, China. The coal fly ash (CFA) soil field was mixed with the carrier soil (CS, without containing coal fly ash) at different rates (0–40% mass content) in the 0–20 cm layer of top soil and then mixed with a rotovator. The soil was then amended with 0.45–1.80 kg·m− 2 of G1 soil amendment for planting corn. The purpose of this study is to investigate the response mechanism of soil microbial community activities, and soil physicochemical properties to soil amendment and carrier soil in coal fly ash soil. The study found that the G1 amendment, which consisted of humic acid, polyacrylamide, zeolite powder, and FeSO4·7H2O, improved the soil chemical properties and physical structure by increasing soil bulk density and macroaggregates. The highest corn yield was observed in B5 (20% CS and 1.3500 kg·m− 2 G1). Meanwhile, the abundance of microorganisms that facilitate the circulation of soil nutrients such as Acidobacteria (77.05%), Sphingomonas (25.60%), Nitrospira (20.78%), Streptomyces (11.32%), and Gaiella (10.20%) was increased. Overall, our results indicate that the use of coal fly ash soil as a amendment can enhance soil sustainability by improving soil microbial functions. These findings provide a reference for the development and application of coal fly ash soil amendments.","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140801322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1186/s13213-024-01760-z
Muhammad Yasir, Nicholas M. Thomson, A. Keith Turner, Mark A. Webber, Ian G. Charles
It has previously been shown that organic acids produced by Escherichia coli suppress the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in co-cultures under conditions of glucose excess, due to overflow metabolism. Inactivation of genes involved in central carbon metabolism favours fermentation of glucose over respiration and therefore increases production of organic acid by-products such as acetate and lactate. We sought to extend and refine the list of genes known to contribute to the metabolic balance between respiration and fermentation, to better understand the role of overflow metabolism in competitive survival of E. coli. We confirmed the previous finding that E. coli excludes P. aeruginosa from co-cultures by producing organic acids in the presence of glucose. Using a genome-wide transposon screen we identified E. coli genes that are important for survival in co-cultures with P. aeruginosa, both with and without glucose supplementation. Central carbon metabolism was the dominant gene function under selection in our experimental conditions, indicating that the observed inhibition is a side-effect of overflow metabolism adopted by E. coli as a response to high glucose concentrations. The presence of a competing species increased the selective pressure for central carbon metabolism genes, with 31 important for growth in the presence of P. aeruginosa and glucose, while only 9 were significant for pure E. coli cultures grown with glucose. In our experiments, each transposon mutant was competed against all others in the pool, suggesting that overflow metabolism provides benefits to individual E. coli cells in addition to competitive inhibition derived from acidification of the growth medium. Co-culture assays using transposon mutant libraries can provide insight into the selective pressures present in mixed species competition. This work demonstrates central carbon metabolism is the dominant gene function under selection in E. coli for aerobic growth in glucose and a side-effect of this is overflow metabolism which can inhibit growth of bystander species.
{"title":"Overflow metabolism provides a selective advantage to Escherichia coli in mixed cultures","authors":"Muhammad Yasir, Nicholas M. Thomson, A. Keith Turner, Mark A. Webber, Ian G. Charles","doi":"10.1186/s13213-024-01760-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-024-01760-z","url":null,"abstract":"It has previously been shown that organic acids produced by Escherichia coli suppress the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in co-cultures under conditions of glucose excess, due to overflow metabolism. Inactivation of genes involved in central carbon metabolism favours fermentation of glucose over respiration and therefore increases production of organic acid by-products such as acetate and lactate. We sought to extend and refine the list of genes known to contribute to the metabolic balance between respiration and fermentation, to better understand the role of overflow metabolism in competitive survival of E. coli. We confirmed the previous finding that E. coli excludes P. aeruginosa from co-cultures by producing organic acids in the presence of glucose. Using a genome-wide transposon screen we identified E. coli genes that are important for survival in co-cultures with P. aeruginosa, both with and without glucose supplementation. Central carbon metabolism was the dominant gene function under selection in our experimental conditions, indicating that the observed inhibition is a side-effect of overflow metabolism adopted by E. coli as a response to high glucose concentrations. The presence of a competing species increased the selective pressure for central carbon metabolism genes, with 31 important for growth in the presence of P. aeruginosa and glucose, while only 9 were significant for pure E. coli cultures grown with glucose. In our experiments, each transposon mutant was competed against all others in the pool, suggesting that overflow metabolism provides benefits to individual E. coli cells in addition to competitive inhibition derived from acidification of the growth medium. Co-culture assays using transposon mutant libraries can provide insight into the selective pressures present in mixed species competition. This work demonstrates central carbon metabolism is the dominant gene function under selection in E. coli for aerobic growth in glucose and a side-effect of this is overflow metabolism which can inhibit growth of bystander species.","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The barn owl Tyto alba is a medium-sized nocturnal raptor, predator of small mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects, distributed all over the world. Environmentally uncontaminated wild barn owl pellets are hard and rare to find and provide a natural matrix for biological investigations. Different solutions for collecting wild barn owl pellets at low environmental contamination are proposed. These solutions are based on a daily sanitized surface for sample retrieval, followed by rapid analysis. As an example of the possible investigations that can be carried out on these matrices, with the aim to highlight the relevance of the obtained results also from a biotechnological perspective. Two rare pellet samples from wild barn owl T. alba, appropriately collected in a rural area of central Italy, were analyzed using culture-dependent, molecular (Next-Generation Sequencing), and enzyme profile analysis techniques. The osteological observations of the bone remains provided useful information for identifying the prey, mainly rodents (Apodemus sp.). Under our experimental conditions, the results revealed both a wide heterogeneity between the pellet microbiota and a great percentage of uncultured bacteria not classified at the species level. Furthermore, microbial cultures of Malbranchea albolutea, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Lactobacillus sp. were isolated and studied. Finally, we quantified the environmental impact of our experimental work in terms of CO2 equivalent release. To compensate for the release of 300 kg/CO2 eq., three Taxus. baccata L. were planted. This work provides a starting point for developing an effective strategy to study and characterize wild barn owl pellets at low environmental contamination. It presents a simple and easy technique/protocol for collecting the pellets. The microbiota heterogeneity found in the two analyzed samples suggests that barn owl pellets can represent a potential natural reservoir for the discovery of new microorganisms to be used in various biotechnological applications. This could open the way for further large-scale studies on a greater number of samples and populations.
谷仓鸮（Tyto alba）是一种中型夜行猛禽，捕食小型哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物和昆虫，分布于世界各地。未受环境污染的野生仓鸮粪便既难得又稀有，为生物调查提供了天然基质。本文提出了在环境污染较少的情况下收集野生仓鸮粪粒的不同解决方案。这些解决方案的基础是每天对取样表面进行消毒，然后进行快速分析。举例说明了在这些基质上可能开展的研究，目的是从生物技术角度强调所获结果的相关性。在意大利中部的一个农村地区适当采集了野生仓鸮 T. alba 的两个稀有骨盆样本，并使用培养依赖性、分子（下一代测序）和酶谱分析技术对其进行了分析。对骨骼残骸的骨学观察为确定猎物（主要是啮齿类动物（Apodemus sp.））提供了有用的信息。在我们的实验条件下，结果表明骨团微生物群之间存在广泛的异质性，而且有很大比例的未培养细菌没有进行物种分类。此外，我们还分离并研究了 Malbranchea albolutea、Debaryomyces hansenii 和 Lactobacillus sp.最后，我们以二氧化碳当量释放量来量化实验工作对环境的影响。为了补偿 300 千克/二氧化碳当量的释放量，我们种植了三棵 Taxus.这项工作提供了一个起点，为在低环境污染的条件下研究和描述野生仓鸮粪便提供了有效的策略。它提出了一种简单易行的颗粒采集技术/方案。在两份分析样本中发现的微生物群异质性表明，仓鸮粪便可能是发现新微生物的潜在天然宝库，可用于各种生物技术应用。这为进一步对更多的样本和种群进行大规模研究开辟了道路。
{"title":"Collection methods of wild barn owl pellets at low environmental contamination and proposals of microbiological and ecological investigations","authors":"Claudio Caprari, Antonio Bucci, Fabio Divino, Simone Giovacchini, Enrico Mirone, Pamela Monaco, Giada Perrella, Luca Quaranta, Simone Scalabrino, Giancarlo Ranalli","doi":"10.1186/s13213-024-01759-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-024-01759-6","url":null,"abstract":"The barn owl Tyto alba is a medium-sized nocturnal raptor, predator of small mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects, distributed all over the world. Environmentally uncontaminated wild barn owl pellets are hard and rare to find and provide a natural matrix for biological investigations. Different solutions for collecting wild barn owl pellets at low environmental contamination are proposed. These solutions are based on a daily sanitized surface for sample retrieval, followed by rapid analysis. As an example of the possible investigations that can be carried out on these matrices, with the aim to highlight the relevance of the obtained results also from a biotechnological perspective. Two rare pellet samples from wild barn owl T. alba, appropriately collected in a rural area of central Italy, were analyzed using culture-dependent, molecular (Next-Generation Sequencing), and enzyme profile analysis techniques. The osteological observations of the bone remains provided useful information for identifying the prey, mainly rodents (Apodemus sp.). Under our experimental conditions, the results revealed both a wide heterogeneity between the pellet microbiota and a great percentage of uncultured bacteria not classified at the species level. Furthermore, microbial cultures of Malbranchea albolutea, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Lactobacillus sp. were isolated and studied. Finally, we quantified the environmental impact of our experimental work in terms of CO2 equivalent release. To compensate for the release of 300 kg/CO2 eq., three Taxus. baccata L. were planted. This work provides a starting point for developing an effective strategy to study and characterize wild barn owl pellets at low environmental contamination. It presents a simple and easy technique/protocol for collecting the pellets. The microbiota heterogeneity found in the two analyzed samples suggests that barn owl pellets can represent a potential natural reservoir for the discovery of new microorganisms to be used in various biotechnological applications. This could open the way for further large-scale studies on a greater number of samples and populations. ","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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