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Clinicopathological Review of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. 新辅助化疗后头颈部鳞状细胞癌的临床病理学回顾
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17289
Ryosuke Kuga, Kazuki Hashimoto, Hidetaka Yamamoto, Midori Taniguchi, Tomomi Manako, Masanobu Sato, Ryunosuke Kogo, Mioko Matsuo, Yoshinao Oda, Takashi Nakagawa

Background/aim: The benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unclear.

Patients and methods: We retrospectively collected 30 patients with HNSCC who had undergone radical resection after NAC. We pathologically evaluated the therapeutic response to NAC, and classified the residual tumor patterns. In addition, we compared the maximum horizontal diameter on pathology with imaging.

Results: The residual patterns were categorized as follows: 10 cases of shrunken type, 11 cases of mixed type, and seven cases of fragmented type. The majority of underestimation cases - those cases in which the maximum horizontal diameter measured on post-NAC imaging was less than the pathological size after resection - were multifocal residual lesions, with a tendency for more frequent "positive" or "close" surgical margins.

Conclusion: The strategy of performing NAC to reduce resection volume is not appropriate, and resection margins should be based on the assessment before NAC.

背景/目的:新辅助化疗(NAC)在头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)治疗中的益处仍不明确:我们回顾性地收集了30例接受新辅助化疗后进行根治性切除的HNSCC患者。我们对 NAC 的治疗反应进行了病理评估,并对残余肿瘤形态进行了分类。此外,我们还比较了病理学与影像学的最大水平直径:结果:残留肿瘤形态分类如下:结果:残留形态分类如下:缩小型 10 例,混合型 11 例,破碎型 7 例。大多数低估病例--NAC术后影像学测量的最大水平直径小于切除术后病理大小的病例--为多灶性残留病灶,手术切缘倾向于 "阳性 "或 "接近":结论:进行 NAC 以减少切除体积的策略并不合适,切除边缘应基于 NAC 前的评估。
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引用次数: 0
5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin Zinc and Chloro-aluminum Phthalocyanine Disulfonate in Photodynamic Therapy of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma In Vitro. 5,10,15,20-四(4-磺酸苯基)卟啉锌和酞菁二磺酸氯铝在体外大肠腺癌光动力疗法中的应用
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17263
Jakub Hosik, Barbora Hosikova, Hana Kolarova, Robert Bajgar

Background/aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most widespread malignancies. One of the alternative therapeutic methods appears to be photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Materials and methods: This study investigated the efficiency of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin zinc (ZnTPPS4) and chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine disulfonate (ClAlPcS2) with two commercial photosensitive compounds 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin (TMPyP) and tetramethylthionine chloride (methylene blue, MB) in PDT for CRC in vitro. In addition to the study of the photodynamic effect on the viability of the colorectal carcinoma cell line HT29, cellular uptake, ROS production, and DNA damage were investigated.

Results: All photosensitizers showed good accumulation within HT29 cells, high efficiency in killing the cells, and a concentration-dependent increase in the production of ROS.

Conclusion: PDT using ZnTPPS4 and ClAlPcS2 may be effective in the treatment of CRC, achieving a similar photocytotoxic effect at much lower concentrations compared to MB.

背景/目的:结直肠癌(CRC)是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。光动力疗法(PDT)似乎是替代治疗方法之一:本研究调查了5,10,15,20-四(4-磺酸苯基)卟啉锌(ZnTPPS4)和氯铝酞菁二磺酸盐(ClAlPcS2)与两种商用光敏化合物5,10,15,20-四(1-甲基吡啶鎓-4-基)卟啉(TMPyP)和四甲基亚硫酰氯(亚甲蓝,MB)在体外光动力疗法治疗 CRC 中的效率。除了研究光动力效应对结直肠癌细胞株 HT29 的存活率的影响外,还研究了细胞吸收、ROS 生成和 DNA 损伤:结果:所有光敏剂在 HT29 细胞内都有很好的积累,杀灭细胞的效率很高,ROS 的产生随浓度增加而增加:结论:使用 ZnTPPS4 和 ClAlPcS2 的光导疗法可有效治疗 CRC,与 MB 相比,它们能以更低的浓度达到类似的光细胞毒性效果。
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引用次数: 0
Synchronous Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma With Associated Novel Pathogenic ATM Mutation. 同步性胰腺导管腺癌和鼻咽癌伴有新型致病性 ATM 基因突变
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17290
Lily Xu, Amanda Tian, Ruohao Fan, Jinping Lai

Background/aim: Patients with synchronous pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have not been previously reported in the English literature. We present such a unique case with both PDAC and NPC.

Case report: A 72-year-old Asian-American female with a past medical history of primary biliary cholangitis presented with abdominal pain. Initial computer tomography (CT) scans demonstrated a 13 cm solid and cystic mass in the pancreatic body and tail with no mass identified in her liver. A biopsy of the pancreatic mass revealed pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma. Further evaluation with a positron emission tomography (PET) scan revealed a hypermetabolic mass (SUVmax10) in the nasopharynx. Subsequent biopsy results were consistent with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Genetic counseling and next-generation sequencing (NGS) on her peripheral blood DNA were performed, identifying a pathogenic mutation of ATM c.8545C>T (p.Arg2849*). The patient was treated with gemcitabine-abraxane chemotherapy and FOLFIRINOX (fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, leucovorin and irinotecan) for her PDAC, while radiation therapy was proposed for her NPC. Ultimately, due to the progression of the malignancies, she entered hospice care and passed eight months after the diagnosis of PDAC.

Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of synchronous PDAC and NPC in a patient with novel associated pathogenic ATM c.8545C>T (p.Arg2849*) mutation and poor prognosis. More similar case reports are needed to further characterize this entity.

背景/目的:英文文献中从未报道过同步胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)和鼻咽癌(NPC)患者。我们介绍了这样一例同时患有胰腺导管腺癌和鼻咽癌的独特病例:一名 72 岁的亚裔美国女性因腹痛就诊,既往病史为原发性胆汁性胆管炎。最初的计算机断层扫描(CT)显示,胰腺体和胰腺尾部有一个 13 厘米的实性囊性肿块,肝脏未发现肿块。胰腺肿块活检显示为胰管腺癌。正电子发射断层扫描(PET)进一步评估发现,鼻咽部有一个高代谢肿块(SUVmax10)。随后的活检结果与鼻咽癌一致。对她的外周血DNA进行了遗传咨询和下一代测序(NGS),确定了ATM c.8545C>T(p.Arg2849*)致病突变。患者接受了吉西他滨-阿糖胞苷化疗和 FOLFIRINOX(氟尿嘧啶、奥沙利铂、白杉醇和伊立替康)治疗 PDAC,同时建议对其鼻咽癌进行放射治疗。最终,由于恶性肿瘤的进展,她接受了临终关怀,并在确诊 PDAC 八个月后去世:据我们所知,这是第一例记录在案的 PDAC 和鼻咽癌同步病例,患者伴有新型致病性 ATM c.8545C>T (p.Arg2849*) 突变,且预后不良。需要更多类似的病例报告来进一步描述这一实体的特征。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Retinoic Acid-mediated Effects Through Inhibition of CYP26A1, CYP26B1 and HGF Signaling in Neuroblastoma Cells. 通过抑制神经母细胞瘤细胞中的 CYP26A1、CYP26B1 和 HGF 信号增强维甲酸介导的效应
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17249
Reema Sami Issa, Meike Kaehler, Nina Sophie Pommert, Ingolf Cascorbi, Vicki Waetzig

Background/aim: Retinoic acid (RA) induces tumor cell differentiation in diseases like acute promyelocytic leukemia or high-risk neuroblastoma. However, the formation of resistant cells, which results from dysregulation of different signaling pathways, limits therapy success. The present study aimed to characterize basic regulatory processes induced by the application of RA in human neuroblastoma cells, to identify therapeutic targets independent of the often amplified oncogene MYCN.

Materials and methods: In MYCN-amplified Kelly and MYCN non-amplified SH-SY5Y cells, different assays were employed to quantify the viability and cytotoxicity, while RA-mediated expression changes were examined using genome-wide gene expression analysis followed by quantitative PCR. Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays (ELISA) and western blots were used to determine the levels or activation of the examined proteins.

Results: In Kelly cells, treatment with 5 μM RA for 3 days significantly reduced the cell number due to attenuated proliferation, while SH-SY5Y cells were less responsive. An up-regulation of the RA-metabolizing enzymes CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 was observed in both cell lines, and co-treatment with the selective CYP26 inhibitor talarozole markedly decreased cell viability. When RA and ketoconazole, which inhibits CYP26 as well as RA-degrading CYP3A enzymes, were co-administered, not only cell survival was impaired in both cell lines, but also the release of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Accordingly, co-application of the c-Met inhibitor tepotinib and RA or ketoconazole substantially decreased cell viability.

Conclusion: Independent of MYCN amplification, inhibitors of RA metabolism or HGF signaling might prevent the emergence of RA-resistant neuroblastoma cells when co-applied with RA.

背景/目的:视黄酸(RA)可诱导急性早幼粒细胞白血病或高危神经母细胞瘤等疾病的肿瘤细胞分化。然而,不同信号通路失调导致的耐药细胞的形成限制了治疗的成功。本研究旨在描述应用 RA 在人类神经母细胞瘤细胞中诱导的基本调控过程,以确定独立于经常扩增的癌基因 MYCN 的治疗靶点:在MYCN扩增的Kelly细胞和MYCN未扩增的SH-SY5Y细胞中,采用不同的检测方法对细胞活力和细胞毒性进行量化,同时利用全基因组基因表达分析和定量PCR检测RA介导的表达变化。酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)和免疫印迹法用于确定所检测蛋白质的水平或活化情况:结果:在 Kelly 细胞中,5 μM RA 处理 3 天可显著减少细胞数量,原因是细胞增殖减弱,而 SH-SY5Y 细胞反应较弱。在这两种细胞系中都观察到了 RA 代谢酶 CYP26A1 和 CYP26B1 的上调,与选择性 CYP26 抑制剂 Talarozole 联合处理会明显降低细胞活力。当 RA 和酮康唑(可抑制 CYP26 和 RA 降解的 CYP3A 酶)同时作用时,两种细胞系不仅细胞存活率下降,而且肝细胞生长因子(HGF)的释放也受到影响。因此,同时使用 c-Met 抑制剂特泊替尼和 RA 或酮康唑会大大降低细胞的存活率:结论:与 MYCN 扩增无关,RA 代谢抑制剂或 HGF 信号转导抑制剂与 RA 联合应用可防止出现 RA 抗性神经母细胞瘤细胞。
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引用次数: 0
Magnolol Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Immune Evasion in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Xenograft Models. 木兰醇诱导非小细胞肺癌异种移植模型的细胞凋亡并抑制免疫逃避
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17262
Po-Ju Lin, Yu-Cheng Kuo, Po-Wei Hu, Wei-Lung Chen, Shih-Chieh Chang, Fei-Ting Hsu, Jeng-Yuan Wu, Jiann-Hwa Chen

Background/aim: Non-small cell lung cancer is known for its rapid growth and immune evasion, demanding effective therapies targeting both tumor cells and the microenvironment. Magnolol has shown promising anti-tumor effects in various cancers.

Materials and methods: CL1-5-F4-bearing mice were divided into control, 40 mg/kg, and 60 mg/kg magnolol groups, once tumors reached 100 mm3 Tumor growth and body weight were monitored biweekly, and after 13 days, mice were euthanized for tumor and organ collection for subsequent staining. Histopathology and serum biochemistry assessed organ toxicity.

Results: Magnolol dose-dependently suppressed NSCLC progression, with no pathology alterations observed in normal organs. Magnolol-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, evidenced by increased cleaved caspase-3 and decreased cyclin D1/CDK4 levels. It also down-regulated VEGF, FOXP3, and IDO-1 in tumors, implicating tumor microenvironment modulation.

Conclusion: Magnolol exhibits significant antitumor effects in NSCLC by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation, and modulating the tumor microenvironment. These results support further investigation of magnolol as a therapeutic adjuvant to enhance NSCLC treatment outcomes.

背景/目的:非小细胞肺癌以其快速生长和免疫逃避而闻名,需要针对肿瘤细胞和微环境的有效疗法。木兰醇在多种癌症中显示出良好的抗肿瘤效果:将CL1-5-F4小鼠分为对照组、40毫克/千克和60毫克/千克马格诺洛尔组,每两周监测一次肿瘤生长情况和体重,13天后安乐死,收集肿瘤和器官进行后续染色。组织病理学和血清生物化学评估器官毒性:结果:木酚醇剂量依赖性地抑制了NSCLC的进展,正常器官未见病理改变。木兰醇诱导细胞凋亡和细胞周期停滞,表现为裂解的caspase-3增加和细胞周期蛋白D1/CDK4水平降低。它还能下调肿瘤中的血管内皮生长因子、FOXP3和IDO-1,这与肿瘤微环境调节有关:结论:木酚醇通过诱导凋亡、抑制增殖和调节肿瘤微环境对 NSCLC 具有明显的抗肿瘤作用。这些结果支持将马格诺洛尔作为辅助治疗药物进行进一步研究,以提高 NSCLC 的治疗效果。
{"title":"Magnolol Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Immune Evasion in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Xenograft Models.","authors":"Po-Ju Lin, Yu-Cheng Kuo, Po-Wei Hu, Wei-Lung Chen, Shih-Chieh Chang, Fei-Ting Hsu, Jeng-Yuan Wu, Jiann-Hwa Chen","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Non-small cell lung cancer is known for its rapid growth and immune evasion, demanding effective therapies targeting both tumor cells and the microenvironment. Magnolol has shown promising anti-tumor effects in various cancers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>CL1-5-F4-bearing mice were divided into control, 40 mg/kg, and 60 mg/kg magnolol groups, once tumors reached 100 mm<sup>3</sup> Tumor growth and body weight were monitored biweekly, and after 13 days, mice were euthanized for tumor and organ collection for subsequent staining. Histopathology and serum biochemistry assessed organ toxicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Magnolol dose-dependently suppressed NSCLC progression, with no pathology alterations observed in normal organs. Magnolol-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, evidenced by increased cleaved caspase-3 and decreased cyclin D1/CDK4 levels. It also down-regulated VEGF, FOXP3, and IDO-1 in tumors, implicating tumor microenvironment modulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Magnolol exhibits significant antitumor effects in NSCLC by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation, and modulating the tumor microenvironment. These results support further investigation of magnolol as a therapeutic adjuvant to enhance NSCLC treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass During Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer Is Related to the Continuation of S-1 Adjuvant Chemotherapy After Pancreatectomy. 胰腺癌新辅助化疗期间骨骼肌质量的丧失与胰腺切除术后继续S-1辅助化疗有关
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17286
Shinnosuke Kawahara, Toru Aoyama, Itaru Hashimoto, Rei Kanemoto, Naohiko Matsushita, Mariko Kamiya, Yosuke Atsumi, Yukio Maezawa, Keisuke Kazama, Masaaki Murakawa, Satoshi Kobayashi, Makoto Ueno, Naoto Yamamoto, Takashi Oshima, Norio Yukawa, Aya Saito, Soichiro Morinaga

Background/aim: Although perioperative chemotherapy has improved patient survival, sarcopenia may occur during chemotherapy owing to decreased food intake and physical strength. However, reports on the occurrence of sarcopenia and changes in body composition in patients with pancreatic cancer during neoadjuvant chemotherapy are scarce. This study aimed to determine the effect of changes in skeletal muscle mass during neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy clinical course in patients who underwent perioperative chemotherapy and surgical resection.

Patients and methods: We retrospectively enrolled 159 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection, followed by S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy. We evaluated changes in skeletal muscle mass during neoadjuvant chemotherapy using abdominal computed tomography and the SliceOmatic software. The association between the rate of change in skeletal muscle mass index (Δ%SMI) during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the continuation of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy was investigated.

Results: Eighty-eight (55.3%) patients lost skeletal muscle mass (Δ%SMI <0) during neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a significantly low S-1 adjuvant completion rate (p=0.02). Δ%SMI <0 was an independent risk factor for the continuation of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio=1.924, 95% confidence interval=1.002-3.695, p=0.049). Moreover, the lower the Δ%SMI, the lower the S-1 continuation rate (p=0.022).

Conclusion: Loss of skeletal muscle mass during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer affected the continuation of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy after pancreatic resection. Therefore, ameliorating loss of skeletal muscle mass during neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be carefully considered to improve the continuation rate of adjuvant chemotherapy and the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer.

背景/目的:虽然围手术期化疗提高了患者的生存率,但由于食物摄入量和体力下降,化疗期间可能会出现肌肉疏松症。然而,有关胰腺癌患者在新辅助化疗期间发生肌肉疏松症和身体成分变化的报道却很少。本研究旨在确定新辅助化疗期间骨骼肌质量变化对围术期化疗和手术切除患者S-1辅助化疗临床疗程的影响:我们回顾性地纳入了159例接受新辅助化疗和手术切除,然后接受S-1辅助化疗的胰腺癌患者。我们使用腹部计算机断层扫描和 SliceOmatic 软件评估了新辅助化疗期间骨骼肌质量的变化。我们还研究了新辅助化疗期间骨骼肌质量指数变化率(Δ%SMI)与继续S-1辅助化疗之间的关联:结果:88 名(55.3%)患者的骨骼肌质量下降(Δ%SMI 结论:新辅助化疗期间骨骼肌质量下降:胰腺癌新辅助化疗期间骨骼肌质量的丧失影响了胰腺切除术后S-1辅助化疗的继续进行。因此,应慎重考虑改善新辅助化疗期间骨骼肌质量的损失,以提高辅助化疗的持续率和胰腺癌患者的生存率。
{"title":"Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass During Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer Is Related to the Continuation of S-1 Adjuvant Chemotherapy After Pancreatectomy.","authors":"Shinnosuke Kawahara, Toru Aoyama, Itaru Hashimoto, Rei Kanemoto, Naohiko Matsushita, Mariko Kamiya, Yosuke Atsumi, Yukio Maezawa, Keisuke Kazama, Masaaki Murakawa, Satoshi Kobayashi, Makoto Ueno, Naoto Yamamoto, Takashi Oshima, Norio Yukawa, Aya Saito, Soichiro Morinaga","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Although perioperative chemotherapy has improved patient survival, sarcopenia may occur during chemotherapy owing to decreased food intake and physical strength. However, reports on the occurrence of sarcopenia and changes in body composition in patients with pancreatic cancer during neoadjuvant chemotherapy are scarce. This study aimed to determine the effect of changes in skeletal muscle mass during neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy clinical course in patients who underwent perioperative chemotherapy and surgical resection.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We retrospectively enrolled 159 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection, followed by S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy. We evaluated changes in skeletal muscle mass during neoadjuvant chemotherapy using abdominal computed tomography and the SliceOmatic software. The association between the rate of change in skeletal muscle mass index (Δ%SMI) during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the continuation of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy was investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-eight (55.3%) patients lost skeletal muscle mass (Δ%SMI <0) during neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a significantly low S-1 adjuvant completion rate (p=0.02). Δ%SMI <0 was an independent risk factor for the continuation of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio=1.924, 95% confidence interval=1.002-3.695, p=0.049). Moreover, the lower the Δ%SMI, the lower the S-1 continuation rate (p=0.022).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Loss of skeletal muscle mass during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer affected the continuation of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy after pancreatic resection. Therefore, ameliorating loss of skeletal muscle mass during neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be carefully considered to improve the continuation rate of adjuvant chemotherapy and the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Dominant Component and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Combined Hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma After Radical Resection. 根治性切除术后合并肝细胞胆管癌的主要成分和临床病理特征
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17284
Keiso Matsubara, Tsuyoshi Kobayashi, Takeshi Tadokoro, Yosuke Namba, Sotaro Fukuhara, K O Oshita, Naruhiko Honmyo, Shintaro Kuroda, Koji Arihiro, Hideki Ohdan

Background/aim: Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) is a rare subtype of primary liver carcinoma, characterized by the unequivocal presence of both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). However, its clinicopathological characteristics have not yet been thoroughly elucidated. In particular, cholangiolocellular carcinoma (CLC) was classified as a subtype of cHCC-CCA according to the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. However, according to the 2019 WHO classification, tumors displaying histological features consistent with CLC but lacking evidence of hepatocellular differentiation should be regarded as a distinct subtype of iCCA. Nevertheless, there may be notable differences in prognosis between CLC and iCCA, indicating the necessity for refining the classification when devising clinical treatment strategies. This study aimed to determine the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of cHCC-CCAs following radical resection.

Patients and methods: Between January 2010 and September 2020, based on the 2010 WHO classification, we retrospectively studied the clinicopathological features and prognoses of patients with cHCC-CCAs in relation to the pathological dominant classification. The patients were classified according to the pathological dominant components of cHCC-CCA as HCC-dominant (HCC-D), iCCA-dominant (iCCA-D), or CLC-dominant (CLC-D).

Results: Data of 55 patients who underwent primary radical hepatectomy for cHCC-CCA were analyzed. The prevalences of each dominant classification were HCC-D, 21 (38.2%); iCCA-D, 11 (20.0%); and CLC-D, 23 (41.8%). Multivariate analysis showed that dominant classification was an independent risk factor for recurrence and cancer-specific survival (CSS).

Conclusion: The dominant classification of cHCC-CCA has the potential to predict recurrence and CSS.

背景/目的:合并肝细胞胆管癌(cHCC-CCA)是原发性肝癌的一种罕见亚型,其特点是同时明确存在肝细胞癌(HCC)和肝内胆管癌(iCCA)。然而,其临床病理特征尚未得到彻底阐明。特别是,根据 2010 年世界卫生组织(WHO)的分类,胆管细胞癌(CLC)被归类为 cHCC-CCA 的一个亚型。然而,根据 2019 年世界卫生组织的分类,显示与 CLC 一致的组织学特征但缺乏肝细胞分化证据的肿瘤应被视为 iCCA 的一个独特亚型。然而,CLC 和 iCCA 的预后可能存在显著差异,这表明在制定临床治疗策略时有必要完善分类。本研究旨在确定cHCC-CCAs根治性切除术后的临床病理特征和预后因素:2010年1月至2020年9月期间,根据2010年WHO分类,我们回顾性研究了cHCC-CCAs患者的临床病理特征和预后与病理优势分类的关系。根据 cHCC-CCA 的病理显性成分将患者分为 HCC-显性(HCC-D)、iCCA-显性(iCCA-D)或 CLC-显性(CLC-D):结果:分析了55例接受原发性根治性肝切除术治疗的cHCC-CCA患者的数据。各优势分类的发生率分别为:HCC-D,21 例(38.2%);iCCA-D,11 例(20.0%);CLC-D,23 例(41.8%)。多变量分析显示,显性分类是复发和癌症特异性生存率(CSS)的独立风险因素:结论:cHCC-CCA的优势分类有可能预测复发和CSS。
{"title":"The Dominant Component and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Combined Hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma After Radical Resection.","authors":"Keiso Matsubara, Tsuyoshi Kobayashi, Takeshi Tadokoro, Yosuke Namba, Sotaro Fukuhara, K O Oshita, Naruhiko Honmyo, Shintaro Kuroda, Koji Arihiro, Hideki Ohdan","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) is a rare subtype of primary liver carcinoma, characterized by the unequivocal presence of both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). However, its clinicopathological characteristics have not yet been thoroughly elucidated. In particular, cholangiolocellular carcinoma (CLC) was classified as a subtype of cHCC-CCA according to the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. However, according to the 2019 WHO classification, tumors displaying histological features consistent with CLC but lacking evidence of hepatocellular differentiation should be regarded as a distinct subtype of iCCA. Nevertheless, there may be notable differences in prognosis between CLC and iCCA, indicating the necessity for refining the classification when devising clinical treatment strategies. This study aimed to determine the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of cHCC-CCAs following radical resection.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Between January 2010 and September 2020, based on the 2010 WHO classification, we retrospectively studied the clinicopathological features and prognoses of patients with cHCC-CCAs in relation to the pathological dominant classification. The patients were classified according to the pathological dominant components of cHCC-CCA as HCC-dominant (HCC-D), iCCA-dominant (iCCA-D), or CLC-dominant (CLC-D).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data of 55 patients who underwent primary radical hepatectomy for cHCC-CCA were analyzed. The prevalences of each dominant classification were HCC-D, 21 (38.2%); iCCA-D, 11 (20.0%); and CLC-D, 23 (41.8%). Multivariate analysis showed that dominant classification was an independent risk factor for recurrence and cancer-specific survival (CSS).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The dominant classification of cHCC-CCA has the potential to predict recurrence and CSS.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of Initial Outcomes of Gas-insufflation One-step Single-port Transaxillary (GOSTA) Robotic Thyroidectomy for Thyroid Cancer. 甲状腺癌气体灌注一步法单孔经腋窝机器人甲状腺切除术(GOSTA)初步疗效分析
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17288
Yong Min Na, Sang Chun Park, Sang Yun An, Hye Un Ma, Yong Bin Kwon, Young Jae Ryu, Jin Seong Cho, Min Ho Park

Background/aim: This study compared the initial outcomes of gas-insufflation one-step single-port transaxillary (GOSTA) robotic thyroidectomy with traditional open thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer at a single institution.

Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 77 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer from January to June 2024. Exclusion criteria included benign nodules, Graves' disease, and previous thyroid surgeries. Two surgeons performed the procedures, with one having no prior robotic surgery experience.

Results: Of the 77 patients, 48 underwent open thyroidectomy and 29 underwent GOSTA thyroidectomy. The GOSTA group had a significantly lower mean age (40.1 vs. 47.6 years, p=0.002) and a higher proportion of female patients (p=0.040). The open group patients had more harvested lymph nodes than the GOSTA group patients (7.9 vs. 2.4, p<0.001). The GOSTA group patients had longer operation time (156.4 vs. 80.6 min, p<0.001), and had extended hospital stay than the open group patients (5.9 vs. 3.4 days, p<0.001). Complication rates were similar between the groups.

Conclusion: GOSTA robotic thyroidectomy provides comparable safety and effectiveness to open thyroidectomy, with improved cosmetic outcomes despite longer operation times and hospital stays. This technique is feasible for surgeons without prior robotic experience, offering a viable alternative for patients prioritizing cosmetic results.

背景/目的:本研究比较了在一家医疗机构采用气体灌注一步法单孔经腋窝(GOSTA)机器人甲状腺切除术和传统开放式甲状腺切除术治疗甲状腺癌的初步疗效:对2024年1月至6月期间因分化型甲状腺癌接受甲状腺切除术的77名患者进行了回顾性分析。排除标准包括良性结节、巴塞杜氏病和既往甲状腺手术。两名外科医生进行了手术,其中一名外科医生没有机器人手术经验:77名患者中,48人接受了开放式甲状腺切除术,29人接受了GOSTA甲状腺切除术。GOSTA组患者的平均年龄明显较低(40.1岁对47.6岁,P=0.002),女性患者比例较高(P=0.040)。开放组患者摘取的淋巴结数量多于 GOSTA 组患者(7.9 对 2.4,P=0.002):GOSTA机器人甲状腺切除术的安全性和有效性与开放式甲状腺切除术不相上下,尽管手术时间和住院时间更长,但美容效果更好。对于没有机器人手术经验的外科医生来说,这项技术是可行的,它为注重美容效果的患者提供了一种可行的选择。
{"title":"Analysis of Initial Outcomes of Gas-insufflation One-step Single-port Transaxillary (GOSTA) Robotic Thyroidectomy for Thyroid Cancer.","authors":"Yong Min Na, Sang Chun Park, Sang Yun An, Hye Un Ma, Yong Bin Kwon, Young Jae Ryu, Jin Seong Cho, Min Ho Park","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>This study compared the initial outcomes of gas-insufflation one-step single-port transaxillary (GOSTA) robotic thyroidectomy with traditional open thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer at a single institution.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 77 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer from January to June 2024. Exclusion criteria included benign nodules, Graves' disease, and previous thyroid surgeries. Two surgeons performed the procedures, with one having no prior robotic surgery experience.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 77 patients, 48 underwent open thyroidectomy and 29 underwent GOSTA thyroidectomy. The GOSTA group had a significantly lower mean age (40.1 vs. 47.6 years, p=0.002) and a higher proportion of female patients (p=0.040). The open group patients had more harvested lymph nodes than the GOSTA group patients (7.9 vs. 2.4, p<0.001). The GOSTA group patients had longer operation time (156.4 vs. 80.6 min, p<0.001), and had extended hospital stay than the open group patients (5.9 vs. 3.4 days, p<0.001). Complication rates were similar between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GOSTA robotic thyroidectomy provides comparable safety and effectiveness to open thyroidectomy, with improved cosmetic outcomes despite longer operation times and hospital stays. This technique is feasible for surgeons without prior robotic experience, offering a viable alternative for patients prioritizing cosmetic results.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Systemic Inflammation Indexes and Risk of Immune-related Adverse Events in Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Treated With Immunotherapy. 接受免疫疗法的转移性尿路上皮癌患者的全身炎症指数与免疫相关不良事件的风险
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17267
Michele Dionese, Davide Bimbatti, Francesco Pierantoni, Eleonora Lai, Elisa Erbetta, Nicolò Cavasin, Salim Jubran, Umberto Basso, Marco Maruzzo

Background/aim: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). However, they could be associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which may be clinically significant. Identifying clinical characteristics that may be associated with a higher risk of irAEs is of great importance.

Patients and methods: We retrospectively collected data from all patients who received anti-PD1 or anti-PD-L1 for metastatic UC at our Institution from January 2017 to December 2022. Patients were dichotomized according to baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine the association between baseline characteristics and the development of irAEs.

Results: A total of 119 patients were identified. At a median follow-up of 29.6 months, 96 patients progressed and 82 died. Forty-five patients developed irAEs of any grade, 8 patients developed grade 3 toxicities. In the univariate analysis PS of 0 (p<0.01), baseline NLR <3.52, baseline PLR <194 (p=0.04) and baseline SII <906 (p=0.01) were significantly associated with a higher risk of developing irAEs, whereas in the multivariate analysis only PS=0 (p<0.01) and NLR <3.52 (p=0.03) maintained their correlation. Median progression-free survival (mPFS) and overall survival (mOS) were significantly longer in patients with NLR <3 (mPFS 3.8 vs. 2.6 months, p=0.01; mOS 15.3 vs. 5.6 months, p=0.002) and PS=0 (mPFS 4.8 vs. 2.1 months, p<0.001; mOS 15.3 vs. 3.8 months, p<0.001).

Conclusion: Low baseline NLR, PLR, and SII and good PS are associated with a higher risk of developing irAEs in patients treated with ICIs for mUC.

背景/目的:免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)彻底改变了转移性尿路上皮癌(mUC)的治疗方法。然而,它们可能与免疫相关不良事件(irAEs)有关,而这些不良事件可能具有临床意义。识别可能与较高的irAEs风险相关的临床特征非常重要:我们回顾性地收集了2017年1月至2022年12月在本机构接受抗PD1或抗PD-L1治疗转移性UC的所有患者的数据。根据基线中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、全身免疫炎症指数(SII)和血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)对患者进行二分。我们进行了单变量和多变量逻辑回归,以确定基线特征与虹膜急性呼吸衰竭发生之间的关系:结果:共发现 119 例患者。中位随访时间为 29.6 个月,96 名患者病情恶化,82 名患者死亡。45名患者出现了任何程度的虹膜AEs,8名患者出现了3级毒性反应。在单变量分析中,PS 为 0(pConclusion:基线 NLR、PLR 和 SII 值低以及 PS 值高与接受 ICIs 治疗的 mUC 患者发生 irAEs 的风险较高有关。
{"title":"Systemic Inflammation Indexes and Risk of Immune-related Adverse Events in Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Treated With Immunotherapy.","authors":"Michele Dionese, Davide Bimbatti, Francesco Pierantoni, Eleonora Lai, Elisa Erbetta, Nicolò Cavasin, Salim Jubran, Umberto Basso, Marco Maruzzo","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). However, they could be associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which may be clinically significant. Identifying clinical characteristics that may be associated with a higher risk of irAEs is of great importance.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We retrospectively collected data from all patients who received anti-PD1 or anti-PD-L1 for metastatic UC at our Institution from January 2017 to December 2022. Patients were dichotomized according to baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine the association between baseline characteristics and the development of irAEs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 119 patients were identified. At a median follow-up of 29.6 months, 96 patients progressed and 82 died. Forty-five patients developed irAEs of any grade, 8 patients developed grade 3 toxicities. In the univariate analysis PS of 0 (p<0.01), baseline NLR <3.52, baseline PLR <194 (p=0.04) and baseline SII <906 (p=0.01) were significantly associated with a higher risk of developing irAEs, whereas in the multivariate analysis only PS=0 (p<0.01) and NLR <3.52 (p=0.03) maintained their correlation. Median progression-free survival (mPFS) and overall survival (mOS) were significantly longer in patients with NLR <3 (mPFS 3.8 vs. 2.6 months, p=0.01; mOS 15.3 vs. 5.6 months, p=0.002) and PS=0 (mPFS 4.8 vs. 2.1 months, p<0.001; mOS 15.3 vs. 3.8 months, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low baseline NLR, PLR, and SII and good PS are associated with a higher risk of developing irAEs in patients treated with ICIs for mUC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hotspots of Anal Cancer Screening in a High-risk Population: A Clinical Study on Free Provision, Best Method, Self-sampling, and Independent Risk Factors. 高危人群中的肛门癌筛查热点:关于免费提供、最佳方法、自我采样和独立风险因素的临床研究。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17276
Edoardo Virgilio, Carlo Salvemini, Maria Grazia Treglia, Elena Thai, Eva Franchi, Sara Panico, Luigi Ippolito, Clara Pavlidis, Alfredo Annicchiarico, Enrico Maria Silini, Renato Costi

Background/aim: As of 2024, anal cancer (AC) has been steadily increasing worldwide but, due to insufficient evidence, anal cancer screening (ACS) has yet to be standardized. Furthermore, most high-risk people in the world have no help paying for it. Therefore, our primary endpoint was to assess the best screening method for these subjects through a provision that was free of charge (all costs were covered by the Italian public health service). Awareness-raising campaign, determination of risk factors, education on anal self-examination, and sampling (ASS) were secondary objectives.

Patients and methods: Screening was on a voluntary basis. Engaging in receptive anal intercourse and having a history of cervical dysplasia were the main inclusion criteria. Level 1 ACS tools included digital ano-rectal examination, anoscopy, anal Pap, and anal human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA test (both through self- and proctologist- sampling); high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) with (HRAB) or without biopsy comprised level 2 screening. High-risk people were enrolled until the available funds were exhausted.

Results: Fifty high-risk people (40 men who had sex with men -MSM-, 9 women, and 1 heterosexual man) were enrolled. AC was found in one HIV-seropositive MSM, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in 10 (20%) MSM, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion LSIL in 13 cases (12 MSM and 1 woman). The combination of HRAB and Pap smear screening achieved the highest values for sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. ASS HPV DNA test provided excellent results comparable to clinician retrieval. Overweight and college education were identified as independent factors for the risk of and prevention of AC, respectively.

Conclusion: A free ACS not only appears justified but also recommended to people screened for AC. Excess weight represents a further risk for this population.

背景/目的:截至 2024 年,肛门癌(AC)发病率在全球稳步上升,但由于证据不足,肛门癌筛查(ACS)尚未标准化。此外,世界上大多数高危人群都无力支付筛查费用。因此,我们的首要目标是通过免费提供(所有费用由意大利公共卫生服务机构承担)的方式,为这些受试者评估最佳筛查方法。提高认识运动、确定风险因素、肛门自检教育和取样(ASS)是次要目标:筛查以自愿为基础。主要纳入标准是有肛交史和宫颈发育不良史。一级 ACS 工具包括数字肛门直肠检查、肛门镜检查、肛门巴氏涂片和肛门人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)DNA 检测(通过自我采样和直肠镜采样);二级筛查包括高分辨率肛门镜检查(HRA)和(HRAB)活检或不活检。在可用资金用完之前,高危人群一直在接受筛查:50 名高危人群(40 名男男性行为者、9 名女性和 1 名异性恋男性)接受了筛查。其中,1 名艾滋病毒血清反应呈阳性的 MSM 发现了 AC,10 名 MSM(20%)发现了高级别鳞状上皮内病变,13 例(12 名 MSM 和 1 名女性)发现了低级别鳞状上皮内病变 LSIL。HRAB和巴氏涂片筛查的组合在敏感性、特异性和准确性方面都达到了最高值。ASS HPV DNA 测试提供了与临床医生检索结果相当的优异结果。超重和大学教育程度分别被认为是导致 AC 风险和预防 AC 的独立因素:结论:免费的 ACS 似乎不仅合理,而且值得推荐给接受 AC 筛选的人。体重超标是这一人群面临的另一个风险。
{"title":"Hotspots of Anal Cancer Screening in a High-risk Population: A Clinical Study on Free Provision, Best Method, Self-sampling, and Independent Risk Factors.","authors":"Edoardo Virgilio, Carlo Salvemini, Maria Grazia Treglia, Elena Thai, Eva Franchi, Sara Panico, Luigi Ippolito, Clara Pavlidis, Alfredo Annicchiarico, Enrico Maria Silini, Renato Costi","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>As of 2024, anal cancer (AC) has been steadily increasing worldwide but, due to insufficient evidence, anal cancer screening (ACS) has yet to be standardized. Furthermore, most high-risk people in the world have no help paying for it. Therefore, our primary endpoint was to assess the best screening method for these subjects through a provision that was free of charge (all costs were covered by the Italian public health service). Awareness-raising campaign, determination of risk factors, education on anal self-examination, and sampling (ASS) were secondary objectives.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Screening was on a voluntary basis. Engaging in receptive anal intercourse and having a history of cervical dysplasia were the main inclusion criteria. Level 1 ACS tools included digital ano-rectal examination, anoscopy, anal Pap, and anal human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA test (both through self- and proctologist- sampling); high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) with (HRAB) or without biopsy comprised level 2 screening. High-risk people were enrolled until the available funds were exhausted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty high-risk people (40 men who had sex with men -MSM-, 9 women, and 1 heterosexual man) were enrolled. AC was found in one HIV-seropositive MSM, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in 10 (20%) MSM, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion LSIL in 13 cases (12 MSM and 1 woman). The combination of HRAB and Pap smear screening achieved the highest values for sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. ASS HPV DNA test provided excellent results comparable to clinician retrieval. Overweight and college education were identified as independent factors for the risk of and prevention of AC, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A free ACS not only appears justified but also recommended to people screened for AC. Excess weight represents a further risk for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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Anticancer research
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