Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1097/BCO.0B013E3282748EBD
Kristen A. Johnson
Transglutaminases have been identified for more than 60 years, but it was not until recently that the functions of these enzymes began to be understood. Currently, transglutaminases are accepted to be modulators of both osteoblastic and chondrocytic mineralization. This review details recent findings regarding this action of transglutaminases, primarily transglutaminase-2 and factor XIIIA, in both physiologic and pathologic mineralization of bone and cartilage. Osteoblast and chondrocyte mineralization is stimulated by the presence of extracellular factor XIIIA or transglutaminase-2. Specifically, the binding of transglutaminase-2 to GTP is critical for maximal induction of type X collagen expression and matrix calcification in articular chondrocytes. Furthermore, these enzymes can modulate collagen expression and therefore the related terminal cell differentiation events. Finally recent work suggests that transglutaminases are responsible for modifying other proteins to promote mineral deposition. The mechanism of transglutaminase-induced mineralization is critical to our understanding and potential modulation of pathologic mineralization events. Elucidation of these events could promote new disease-modifying therapies for the hypertrophic differentiation and mineralization found in osteoarthritic cartilage as well as other soft tissue calcification disorders.
{"title":"Transglutaminase modification of the matrix through promotion of calcification","authors":"Kristen A. Johnson","doi":"10.1097/BCO.0B013E3282748EBD","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BCO.0B013E3282748EBD","url":null,"abstract":"Transglutaminases have been identified for more than 60 years, but it was not until recently that the functions of these enzymes began to be understood. Currently, transglutaminases are accepted to be modulators of both osteoblastic and chondrocytic mineralization. This review details recent findings regarding this action of transglutaminases, primarily transglutaminase-2 and factor XIIIA, in both physiologic and pathologic mineralization of bone and cartilage. \u0000Osteoblast and chondrocyte mineralization is stimulated by the presence of extracellular factor XIIIA or transglutaminase-2. Specifically, the binding of transglutaminase-2 to GTP is critical for maximal induction of type X collagen expression and matrix calcification in articular chondrocytes. Furthermore, these enzymes can modulate collagen expression and therefore the related terminal cell differentiation events. Finally recent work suggests that transglutaminases are responsible for modifying other proteins to promote mineral deposition. \u0000The mechanism of transglutaminase-induced mineralization is critical to our understanding and potential modulation of pathologic mineralization events. Elucidation of these events could promote new disease-modifying therapies for the hypertrophic differentiation and mineralization found in osteoarthritic cartilage as well as other soft tissue calcification disorders.","PeriodicalId":81061,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in orthopaedics","volume":"18 1","pages":"467-471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/BCO.0B013E3282748EBD","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62100695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1097/BCO.0B013E3282E9AB49
H. Anderson
{"title":"The role of matrix vesicles in physiological and pathological calcification","authors":"H. Anderson","doi":"10.1097/BCO.0B013E3282E9AB49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BCO.0B013E3282E9AB49","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81061,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in orthopaedics","volume":"18 1","pages":"428-433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/BCO.0B013E3282E9AB49","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62101150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1097/BCO.0B013E32825E1D95
Yubo Sun, E. Hanley
{"title":"Calcium-containing crystals and osteoarthritis","authors":"Yubo Sun, E. Hanley","doi":"10.1097/BCO.0B013E32825E1D95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BCO.0B013E32825E1D95","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81061,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in orthopaedics","volume":"17 1","pages":"472-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/BCO.0B013E32825E1D95","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62100711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1097/BCO.0B013E3282630851
E. Golub, K. Boesze-Battaglia
Purpose of reviewAlkaline phosphatase is an important component in hard tissue formation, highly expressed in mineralized tissue cells. It is appropriate to review the current status of this important enzyme.Recent findingsThe mechanism with which this enzyme carries out its function is not complete
{"title":"The role of alkaline phosphatase in mineralization","authors":"E. Golub, K. Boesze-Battaglia","doi":"10.1097/BCO.0B013E3282630851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BCO.0B013E3282630851","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of reviewAlkaline phosphatase is an important component in hard tissue formation, highly expressed in mineralized tissue cells. It is appropriate to review the current status of this important enzyme.Recent findingsThe mechanism with which this enzyme carries out its function is not complete","PeriodicalId":81061,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in orthopaedics","volume":"18 1","pages":"444-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/BCO.0B013E3282630851","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62100762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1097/BCO.0B013E3282B97133
S. Gourion‐Arsiquaud, A. Boskey
{"title":"Fourier transform infrared and Raman microspectroscopy and microscopic imaging of bone","authors":"S. Gourion‐Arsiquaud, A. Boskey","doi":"10.1097/BCO.0B013E3282B97133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BCO.0B013E3282B97133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81061,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in orthopaedics","volume":"18 1","pages":"499-504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/BCO.0B013E3282B97133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62101127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1097/BCO.0B013E3281527766
Matthew D. Williams, T. Edwards
{"title":"Posterior shoulder instability","authors":"Matthew D. Williams, T. Edwards","doi":"10.1097/BCO.0B013E3281527766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BCO.0B013E3281527766","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81061,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in orthopaedics","volume":"37 1","pages":"386-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/BCO.0B013E3281527766","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62098427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1097/BCO.0B013E328177B20F
W. Hammert, M. M. Tomaino
{"title":"Soft tissue coverage of the hand and wrist","authors":"W. Hammert, M. M. Tomaino","doi":"10.1097/BCO.0B013E328177B20F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BCO.0B013E328177B20F","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81061,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in orthopaedics","volume":"18 1","pages":"358-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/BCO.0B013E328177B20F","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62099121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1097/BCO.0B013E3281C8F23E
Gregory J. Purnell, A. Meyers, Raymond R. Drabicki, A. Payatakes, D. Sotereanos
{"title":"Failed distal ulna resection","authors":"Gregory J. Purnell, A. Meyers, Raymond R. Drabicki, A. Payatakes, D. Sotereanos","doi":"10.1097/BCO.0B013E3281C8F23E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BCO.0B013E3281C8F23E","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81061,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in orthopaedics","volume":"18 1","pages":"334-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/BCO.0B013E3281C8F23E","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62100214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1097/BCO.0B013E328177B235
S. Calderón, D. Ring
{"title":"The diagnostic performance characteristics of imaging techniques used in the management of scaphoid fractures","authors":"S. Calderón, D. Ring","doi":"10.1097/BCO.0B013E328177B235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BCO.0B013E328177B235","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81061,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in orthopaedics","volume":"18 1","pages":"309-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/BCO.0B013E328177B235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62099293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1097/BCO.0B013E3281C10E0C
S. Klepps, D. Shenton
Purpose of reviewAs the treatment of acromioclavicular separations has evolved, nonoperative and operative management continues to be debated. By discussing current literature this review will attempt to provide some direction on the current treatment of this common disorder.Recent findingsRecent li
{"title":"Current treatment of acromioclavicular separations","authors":"S. Klepps, D. Shenton","doi":"10.1097/BCO.0B013E3281C10E0C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BCO.0B013E3281C10E0C","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of reviewAs the treatment of acromioclavicular separations has evolved, nonoperative and operative management continues to be debated. By discussing current literature this review will attempt to provide some direction on the current treatment of this common disorder.Recent findingsRecent li","PeriodicalId":81061,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in orthopaedics","volume":"18 1","pages":"373-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/BCO.0B013E3281C10E0C","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62099758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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