{"title":"Reading Steve Biko Through Contemporary South African Fiction: Black Consciousness as a Force for Something Else","authors":"Nathan E Frisch","doi":"10.31922/DISC3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31922/DISC3.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81113,"journal":{"name":"Discover","volume":"3 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69790648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Julia’s Nuptials: Free, Freed, and Slave Marriage in Late Fifth Century Roman Law","authors":"Hannah Basta, Cam Grey","doi":"10.31922/DISC3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31922/DISC3.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81113,"journal":{"name":"Discover","volume":"3 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69790400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recidivism and the Convict Labor Market: A Cross-country Comparison of Recidivism Trends in For-Profit Prisons","authors":"Alex T Basinger","doi":"10.31922/DISC3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31922/DISC3.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81113,"journal":{"name":"Discover","volume":"3 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69790187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
American theatre world. These musicals contained plots which focused on patriotism and primarily featured male leads. In Strike up the Band, the two male mangers of a cheese factory wage war against Switzerland ("Strike up the band," 2013). In This is the Army, an all-male cast sang about the trials which come with being in the Armed Forces (Kenrick, 1996). Theatre producers' primarily focused on the war raging in Europe and Japan. While actors sang about the harsh reality of war, men were actually living it. Following the attacks on Pearl Harbor, countless men left home to fight for American freedoms overseas while women became the power which fueled the American home front. From Rosie the Riveter to articles which talked about different ways to wear your hair at work, the nation attempted to bring glamour to the women who traded their home life for a job in a factory. The Sperry Company even created a Miss Victory pageant where "women were encouraged to wear slacks and keep their hair hidden for safety" (Patnode, 2012). These pageants gave working class women a chance to model their work clothes all in hopes to support the company's campaign which "focused on safety practices that eliminated traditional markers of femininity such as long hair and skirts" (Patnode, 2012). This support for women in the work force radically differed from the decade before. During the 1930's, many women felt the harsh judgement from those around them for taking jobs to help support their family. Due to the "high unemployment during the Depression, most people were against women working because they saw it as women taking jobs from the unemployed me" ("Women At Work", n.d.) In 1945, Europe and Japan fell to the Allied Powers and World War II was officially over. The brave American troops who fought the war started to return home. The men who bravely defeated the Axis Powers dramatically changed the work force. Due to the increase in male workers, many women became unemployed or were demoted to jobs receiving less pay. Thousands of women who had broken away from the chains of the house were forced to return to domestic life. During this time of demotion for these riveters of war, composer Richard Rodgers and lyricist Oscar Hammerstein decided to form a partnership. They both wanted to create the next 'big thing' and as John Nolan (2002) stated, "something unmistakably …
美国戏剧界。这些音乐剧的情节集中于爱国主义,主要由男性主演。在《Strike up the Band》中,一家奶酪厂的两名男性经理对瑞士发动了战争(《Strike up the Band》,2013)。在《这就是军队》中,一个全是男性的演员唱了关于在武装部队中的审判(Kenrick, 1996)。戏剧制作人主要关注在欧洲和日本肆虐的战争。当演员们歌唱战争的残酷现实时,男人们却在亲身经历。珍珠港事件发生后,无数男人离开家乡到海外为美国的自由而战,而女性则成为推动美国大后方的力量。从《铆工罗西》(Rosie the Riveter)到讨论工作时不同发型的文章,这个国家试图给那些放弃家庭生活、到工厂工作的女性带来魅力。斯佩里公司甚至举办了一场“胜利小姐”选美比赛,“鼓励女性穿宽松裤,为了安全把头发藏起来”(Patnode, 2012)。这些选美比赛给了工人阶级女性一个展示自己工作服的机会,所有这些都是为了支持该公司的活动,该活动“专注于消除长发和裙子等传统女性特征的安全措施”(Patnode, 2012)。这种对劳动力中女性的支持与十年前截然不同。在20世纪30年代,许多妇女感到来自周围人的严厉评判,因为她们为了养家而工作。由于“大萧条时期的高失业率,大多数人都反对女性工作,因为他们认为这是女性从失业的人那里抢工作”(“工作中的女性”,无日期)。1945年,欧洲和日本沦陷,第二次世界大战正式结束。参加过这场战争的勇敢的美国军队开始返回家园。由于男性工人的增加,许多妇女失业或被降级到工资较低的工作。成千上万从家庭枷锁中挣脱出来的妇女被迫回到家庭生活。在这段时间里,这些战争的铆工被降级,作曲家理查德·罗杰斯和词作者奥斯卡·汉默斯坦决定组成一个伙伴关系。他们都想创造下一个“大事件”,正如约翰·诺兰(2002)所说的那样,“毫无疑问……
{"title":"From Pants to Pearls: Rodgers and Hammerstein’s Affect on Post WWII Women","authors":"A. Dees","doi":"10.31922/DISC3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31922/DISC3.2","url":null,"abstract":"American theatre world. These musicals contained plots which focused on patriotism and primarily featured male leads. In Strike up the Band, the two male mangers of a cheese factory wage war against Switzerland (\"Strike up the band,\" 2013). In This is the Army, an all-male cast sang about the trials which come with being in the Armed Forces (Kenrick, 1996). Theatre producers' primarily focused on the war raging in Europe and Japan. While actors sang about the harsh reality of war, men were actually living it. Following the attacks on Pearl Harbor, countless men left home to fight for American freedoms overseas while women became the power which fueled the American home front. From Rosie the Riveter to articles which talked about different ways to wear your hair at work, the nation attempted to bring glamour to the women who traded their home life for a job in a factory. The Sperry Company even created a Miss Victory pageant where \"women were encouraged to wear slacks and keep their hair hidden for safety\" (Patnode, 2012). These pageants gave working class women a chance to model their work clothes all in hopes to support the company's campaign which \"focused on safety practices that eliminated traditional markers of femininity such as long hair and skirts\" (Patnode, 2012). This support for women in the work force radically differed from the decade before. During the 1930's, many women felt the harsh judgement from those around them for taking jobs to help support their family. Due to the \"high unemployment during the Depression, most people were against women working because they saw it as women taking jobs from the unemployed me\" (\"Women At Work\", n.d.) In 1945, Europe and Japan fell to the Allied Powers and World War II was officially over. The brave American troops who fought the war started to return home. The men who bravely defeated the Axis Powers dramatically changed the work force. Due to the increase in male workers, many women became unemployed or were demoted to jobs receiving less pay. Thousands of women who had broken away from the chains of the house were forced to return to domestic life. During this time of demotion for these riveters of war, composer Richard Rodgers and lyricist Oscar Hammerstein decided to form a partnership. They both wanted to create the next 'big thing' and as John Nolan (2002) stated, \"something unmistakably …","PeriodicalId":81113,"journal":{"name":"Discover","volume":"3 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69790465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebekah M. Sandy, Amy Gregg, Carolyn L. Brennan, Kevin M. Swartout
{"title":"I Want to Get This off My Chest: When Perpetrators Publicly Disclose how They Raped Their Victims","authors":"Rebekah M. Sandy, Amy Gregg, Carolyn L. Brennan, Kevin M. Swartout","doi":"10.31922/DISC3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31922/DISC3.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81113,"journal":{"name":"Discover","volume":"3 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69790605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in DISCOVERY: Georgia State Honors College Undergraduate Research Journal by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact scholarworks@gsu.edu. Recommended Citation Frisch, Nathan E. (2014) "The Supermadre and the Governmentality of Heteronormativity in Post-Water Wars Bolivia," DISCOVERY: Georgia State Honors College Undergraduate Research Journal: Vol. 2 , Article 5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31922/disc2.5 Available at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/discovery/vol2/iss1/5 brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk
{"title":"The Supermadre and the Governmentality of Heteronormativity in Post-Water Wars Bolivia","authors":"Nathan E Frisch","doi":"10.31922/DISC2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31922/DISC2.5","url":null,"abstract":"This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in DISCOVERY: Georgia State Honors College Undergraduate Research Journal by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact scholarworks@gsu.edu. Recommended Citation Frisch, Nathan E. (2014) \"The Supermadre and the Governmentality of Heteronormativity in Post-Water Wars Bolivia,\" DISCOVERY: Georgia State Honors College Undergraduate Research Journal: Vol. 2 , Article 5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31922/disc2.5 Available at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/discovery/vol2/iss1/5 brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk","PeriodicalId":81113,"journal":{"name":"Discover","volume":"2 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69790076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah Hoch obscurely incorporated the image of a beetle into several of her photomontages. By analyzing three of her works, Untitled (c. 1920), From Above (c. 1922), and The Coquette (1923-25), I propose Hoch’s beetle to be a response to the archeological understanding of the Egyptian scarab’s meaning of rebirth, which directly relates to the contemporary social phenomenon of the neue Frau, or New Woman. Thus, by removing the beetle from the focal points of these works, Hoch represents the society’s rejection of the neue Frau as well as the Berlin Dadaists’ denial of her. To evaluate the significance of these beetles, this paper examines the social constructs produced by the Weimar Republic, specifically the idea of the New Woman. The New Woman was epitomized by a financially independent woman who had no legal ties to a man. While this idea was glorified within the media, the average New Woman was generally ostracized and disdained. By deconstructing the photomontages, this paper emphasizes the importance of the beetle and its correlation to the scarab based on visual comparisons to the dung beetle and Hoch’s ties to non-western art, including the ethnographic museums she was known to frequent. Reviewing Egyptian archeological records from the era reveals that the scarab was already associated with ideas of rebirth. By including the beetle within these compositions, Hoch consciously makes the connection to the scarab’s meaning of rebirth. Simultaneously, the female gender role is reborn within German society. Therefore, the beetle is directly correlated to the New Woman. It is important to note the obscure fashion in which Hoch incorporates the beetle. While the beetle is never directly hidden, it generally exists outside of the central arrangement. This subordination of the beetle to the often male imagery reflects the unrealized ideal of the New Woman. Hoch fit the mold for the New Woman, yet nonetheless was scorned by her male counterparts within the Dadaist group. Therefore, the beetle not only represents the idea of the New Woman, but also stands as a self-representation of Hoch.
{"title":"The Neue Frau and the Significance of Beetle Imagery in the Photomontages of Hannah Höch","authors":"Hannah C Waara","doi":"10.31922/DISC2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31922/DISC2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Hannah Hoch obscurely incorporated the image of a beetle into several of her photomontages. By analyzing three of her works, Untitled (c. 1920), From Above (c. 1922), and The Coquette (1923-25), I propose Hoch’s beetle to be a response to the archeological understanding of the Egyptian scarab’s meaning of rebirth, which directly relates to the contemporary social phenomenon of the neue Frau, or New Woman. Thus, by removing the beetle from the focal points of these works, Hoch represents the society’s rejection of the neue Frau as well as the Berlin Dadaists’ denial of her. To evaluate the significance of these beetles, this paper examines the social constructs produced by the Weimar Republic, specifically the idea of the New Woman. The New Woman was epitomized by a financially independent woman who had no legal ties to a man. While this idea was glorified within the media, the average New Woman was generally ostracized and disdained. By deconstructing the photomontages, this paper emphasizes the importance of the beetle and its correlation to the scarab based on visual comparisons to the dung beetle and Hoch’s ties to non-western art, including the ethnographic museums she was known to frequent. Reviewing Egyptian archeological records from the era reveals that the scarab was already associated with ideas of rebirth. By including the beetle within these compositions, Hoch consciously makes the connection to the scarab’s meaning of rebirth. Simultaneously, the female gender role is reborn within German society. Therefore, the beetle is directly correlated to the New Woman. It is important to note the obscure fashion in which Hoch incorporates the beetle. While the beetle is never directly hidden, it generally exists outside of the central arrangement. This subordination of the beetle to the often male imagery reflects the unrealized ideal of the New Woman. Hoch fit the mold for the New Woman, yet nonetheless was scorned by her male counterparts within the Dadaist group. Therefore, the beetle not only represents the idea of the New Woman, but also stands as a self-representation of Hoch.","PeriodicalId":81113,"journal":{"name":"Discover","volume":"2 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69790324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In early modern England, religious intolerance reigned supreme. There was a pervading hostility towards religious groups that were not associated with the Church of England, and these dissenting religious groups were regularly persecuted for their differing views. While each sectarian group was unique, there are parallels that can be traced between the persecutions that occurred throughout this period. Among these 16 th-and 17 th-century dissenting groups are Protestants and Quakers, whose responses to persecution are strikingly similar. This essay seeks to trace the commonalities between these two religious groups, with the aim of gaining a more nuanced understanding of religious intolerance in a period hostile to religious nonconformity. First, it is imperative to understand the distinction between Protestants and Quakers as employed in this essay. Although Quakers are generally classified under the wider umbrella of Protestantism, they are considered as separate groups in this analysis for two primary reasons. First, the time periods examined for the Protestants and Quakers in this analysis is different; this research examines Protestants of the 16 th century and female Quakers of the mid-17th century. Second, female Quakers receive special consideration for this analysis because they were singled out and persecuted, even after Protestantism had become tolerated across England; since that is the case, female Quakers' stories diverge from the larger story of Protestantism. Although Protestantism as a whole had achieved wide approbation by the mid-17 th century, public sentiment towards Quakers—also a Protestant group—was still low. While there was no longer a significant need for Protestants to gain approval in society, Quakers were still harried and sometimes killed for their beliefs. 1 The research was conducted by examining the representation of female Quakers in pamphlets from Early English Books Online (EEBO), a database containing digitized primary source archives from the period. Also, quotes from journal articles that relied on primary source documents of Quakers were included in this survey. From there, I reviewed John Foxe's Acts and Monuments and sought out parallels between Foxe's work and documents relating to female Quakers. Female Quakers were of particular interest for this study because, while all Quakers experienced persecution, female Quaker persecution was more marked. Female Quakers were better known for crossing the boundaries of propriety, mainly because the realm of " acceptable actions " for women was still so small—it was easy to act in unacceptable ways when virtually all actions are deemed unacceptable. The ultimate …
{"title":"Protestants, Quakers, and the Narrative of Religious Persecution in England","authors":"S. Lohr","doi":"10.31922/DISC2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31922/DISC2.1","url":null,"abstract":"In early modern England, religious intolerance reigned supreme. There was a pervading hostility towards religious groups that were not associated with the Church of England, and these dissenting religious groups were regularly persecuted for their differing views. While each sectarian group was unique, there are parallels that can be traced between the persecutions that occurred throughout this period. Among these 16 th-and 17 th-century dissenting groups are Protestants and Quakers, whose responses to persecution are strikingly similar. This essay seeks to trace the commonalities between these two religious groups, with the aim of gaining a more nuanced understanding of religious intolerance in a period hostile to religious nonconformity. First, it is imperative to understand the distinction between Protestants and Quakers as employed in this essay. Although Quakers are generally classified under the wider umbrella of Protestantism, they are considered as separate groups in this analysis for two primary reasons. First, the time periods examined for the Protestants and Quakers in this analysis is different; this research examines Protestants of the 16 th century and female Quakers of the mid-17th century. Second, female Quakers receive special consideration for this analysis because they were singled out and persecuted, even after Protestantism had become tolerated across England; since that is the case, female Quakers' stories diverge from the larger story of Protestantism. Although Protestantism as a whole had achieved wide approbation by the mid-17 th century, public sentiment towards Quakers—also a Protestant group—was still low. While there was no longer a significant need for Protestants to gain approval in society, Quakers were still harried and sometimes killed for their beliefs. 1 The research was conducted by examining the representation of female Quakers in pamphlets from Early English Books Online (EEBO), a database containing digitized primary source archives from the period. Also, quotes from journal articles that relied on primary source documents of Quakers were included in this survey. From there, I reviewed John Foxe's Acts and Monuments and sought out parallels between Foxe's work and documents relating to female Quakers. Female Quakers were of particular interest for this study because, while all Quakers experienced persecution, female Quaker persecution was more marked. Female Quakers were better known for crossing the boundaries of propriety, mainly because the realm of \" acceptable actions \" for women was still so small—it was easy to act in unacceptable ways when virtually all actions are deemed unacceptable. The ultimate …","PeriodicalId":81113,"journal":{"name":"Discover","volume":"2 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69789939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of a British identity was an ongoing process during the seventeenth century. In this paper, I argue that the ascension of James to the English throne in 1603 would be integral to the establishing of a British identity in both England and Scotland. James, from 1604 to 1607, tried to create a political union between the two kingdoms but would ultimately fail due to English concerns about "imperfect union" and the absence of any tradition to sustain a new kingdom. James would still style himself "King of Great Britain," a styling he established by royal proclamation, and he would also attempt to create common grounds for his subjects in the courts. Ultimately, James made a lasting impact in bring the title "King of Great Britain" into usage, and for an idea of a Britain that was naturally united. I made heavy use of the pamphlets and books printed in the 1600s in order to exhibit the popular appeal of a British identity, and also used the modern writings of Jenny Wormald and David Armitage.
{"title":"James I and British Identity: The Development of a British Identity from 1542-1689","authors":"Zachary Bates","doi":"10.31922/DISC2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31922/DISC2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a British identity was an ongoing process during the seventeenth century. In this paper, I argue that the ascension of James to the English throne in 1603 would be integral to the establishing of a British identity in both England and Scotland. James, from 1604 to 1607, tried to create a political union between the two kingdoms but would ultimately fail due to English concerns about \"imperfect union\" and the absence of any tradition to sustain a new kingdom. James would still style himself \"King of Great Britain,\" a styling he established by royal proclamation, and he would also attempt to create common grounds for his subjects in the courts. Ultimately, James made a lasting impact in bring the title \"King of Great Britain\" into usage, and for an idea of a Britain that was naturally united. I made heavy use of the pamphlets and books printed in the 1600s in order to exhibit the popular appeal of a British identity, and also used the modern writings of Jenny Wormald and David Armitage.","PeriodicalId":81113,"journal":{"name":"Discover","volume":"2 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69789954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}