{"title":"Impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on plankton ciliates from a saline lowland river in South America","authors":"GC Küppers, ME Bazzuri, NC Neschuk, MC Claps","doi":"10.3354/ame01980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01980","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8112,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Microbial Ecology","volume":"2015 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72538161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pteropod (pelagic snail) Limacina helicina antarctica is a dominant grazer along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) and plays an important role in regional food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycling. For the first time, we examined the gut microbiome and feeding ecology of L. h. antarctica based on 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequences of gut contents in the WAP during austral summer. Eukaryotic gut contents of L. h. antarctica indicate that this species predominantly feeds on diatoms and dinoflagellates, supplementing its diet with ciliates and fora minifera. Mollicutes bacteria were a consistent component of the gut microbiome. Determining the gut microbiome and feeding ecology of L. h. antarctica aids in identifying the underlying mechanisms controlling pteropod abundance and distribution in a region of rapid environmental change.
{"title":"The feeding ecology and microbiome of the pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica","authors":"PS Thibodeau, B. Song, C. Moreno, D. Steinberg","doi":"10.3354/ame01981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01981","url":null,"abstract":"The pteropod (pelagic snail) Limacina helicina antarctica is a dominant grazer along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) and plays an important role in regional food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycling. For the first time, we examined the gut microbiome and feeding ecology of L. h. antarctica based on 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequences of gut contents in the WAP during austral summer. Eukaryotic gut contents of L. h. antarctica indicate that this species predominantly feeds on diatoms and dinoflagellates, supplementing its diet with ciliates and fora minifera. Mollicutes bacteria were a consistent component of the gut microbiome. Determining the gut microbiome and feeding ecology of L. h. antarctica aids in identifying the underlying mechanisms controlling pteropod abundance and distribution in a region of rapid environmental change.","PeriodicalId":8112,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Microbial Ecology","volume":"9 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80138537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Stock, M. Callens, S. Houwenhuyse, R. Schols, N. Goel, M. Coone, C. Theys, V. Delnat, A. Boudry, EM Eckert, C. Laspoumaderes, H. Grossart, L. Meester, R. Stoks, K. Sabbe, E. Decaestecker
Aquatic organisms rely on microbial symbionts for coping with various challenges they encounter during stress and for defending themselves against predators, pathogens and parasites. Microbial symbionts are also often indispensable for the host’s development or life cycle completion. Many aquatic ecosystems are currently under pressure due to diverse human activities that have a profound impact on ecosystem functioning. These human activities are also ex pected to alter interactions between aquatic hosts and their associated microbes. This can directly impact the host’s health and — given the importance and widespread occurrence of microbial symbiosis in aquatic systems — the ecosystem at large. In this review, we provide an overview of the importance of microbial symbionts for aquatic organisms, and we consider how the beneficial services provided by microbial symbionts can be affected by human activities. The scarcity of available studies that assess the functional consequences of human impacts on aquatic microbial symbioses shows that our knowledge on this topic is currently limited, making it difficult to draw general conclusions and predict future changes in microbial symbiont−host relationships in a changing world. To address this important knowledge gap, we provide an overview of ap proaches that can be used to assess the impact of human disturbances on the functioning of aquatic microbial symbioses.
{"title":"Human impact on symbioses between aquatic organisms and microbes","authors":"W. Stock, M. Callens, S. Houwenhuyse, R. Schols, N. Goel, M. Coone, C. Theys, V. Delnat, A. Boudry, EM Eckert, C. Laspoumaderes, H. Grossart, L. Meester, R. Stoks, K. Sabbe, E. Decaestecker","doi":"10.3354/AME01973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/AME01973","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic organisms rely on microbial symbionts for coping with various challenges they encounter during stress and for defending themselves against predators, pathogens and parasites. Microbial symbionts are also often indispensable for the host’s development or life cycle completion. Many aquatic ecosystems are currently under pressure due to diverse human activities that have a profound impact on ecosystem functioning. These human activities are also ex pected to alter interactions between aquatic hosts and their associated microbes. This can directly impact the host’s health and — given the importance and widespread occurrence of microbial symbiosis in aquatic systems — the ecosystem at large. In this review, we provide an overview of the importance of microbial symbionts for aquatic organisms, and we consider how the beneficial services provided by microbial symbionts can be affected by human activities. The scarcity of available studies that assess the functional consequences of human impacts on aquatic microbial symbioses shows that our knowledge on this topic is currently limited, making it difficult to draw general conclusions and predict future changes in microbial symbiont−host relationships in a changing world. To address this important knowledge gap, we provide an overview of ap proaches that can be used to assess the impact of human disturbances on the functioning of aquatic microbial symbioses.","PeriodicalId":8112,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Microbial Ecology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90378293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Böttjer-Wilson, Angelicque E. White, K. Björkman, M. Church, S. Poulos, E. Shimabukuro, YM Rii, A. Ludwig, K. V. Brockel, U. Riebesell, Ricardo M Letelier, D. Karl
: A large-volume mesocosm-based nutrient perturbation experiment was conducted off the island of Hawai‘i, USA, to investigate the response of surface ocean phytoplankton communities to the addition of macronutrients, trace metals, and vitamins and to assess the feasibility of using mesocosms in the open ocean. Three free-drifting mesocosms (~60 m 3 ) were de ployed: one mesocosm served as a control (no nutrient amendments); a second (termed +P) was amended with nitrate (N), silicate (Si), phosphate (P), and a trace metal + vitamin mixture; and a third (termed −P) was amended with N, Si, and a trace metal + vitamin mixture but no P. These meso-cosms were unreplicated due to logistical constraints and hence differences between treatments are qualitative. After 6 d, the largest response of the phytoplankton community was ob served in the +P mesocosm, where chlorophyll a and 14 C-based primary production were 2−3× greater than in the −P mesocosm and 4−6× greater than in the control. Comparison between mesocosm and ‘microcosm’ incubations (20 l) revealed differences in the magnitude and timing of production and marked differences in community structure with a reduced response of diatoms in microcosm treatments. Notably, we also observed pronounced declines in Prochlorococcus populations in all treatments, although these were greater in microcosms (up to 99%). Overall, this study confirmed the feasibility of deploying free-drifting mesocosms in the open ocean as a potentially powerful tool to investigate ecological impacts of nutrient perturbations and constitutes a valuable first step towards scaling plankton manipulation experiments.
{"title":"Effects of nutrient enrichments on oligotrophic phytoplankton communities: a mesocosm experiment near Hawai‘i, USA","authors":"D. Böttjer-Wilson, Angelicque E. White, K. Björkman, M. Church, S. Poulos, E. Shimabukuro, YM Rii, A. Ludwig, K. V. Brockel, U. Riebesell, Ricardo M Letelier, D. Karl","doi":"10.3354/ame01977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01977","url":null,"abstract":": A large-volume mesocosm-based nutrient perturbation experiment was conducted off the island of Hawai‘i, USA, to investigate the response of surface ocean phytoplankton communities to the addition of macronutrients, trace metals, and vitamins and to assess the feasibility of using mesocosms in the open ocean. Three free-drifting mesocosms (~60 m 3 ) were de ployed: one mesocosm served as a control (no nutrient amendments); a second (termed +P) was amended with nitrate (N), silicate (Si), phosphate (P), and a trace metal + vitamin mixture; and a third (termed −P) was amended with N, Si, and a trace metal + vitamin mixture but no P. These meso-cosms were unreplicated due to logistical constraints and hence differences between treatments are qualitative. After 6 d, the largest response of the phytoplankton community was ob served in the +P mesocosm, where chlorophyll a and 14 C-based primary production were 2−3× greater than in the −P mesocosm and 4−6× greater than in the control. Comparison between mesocosm and ‘microcosm’ incubations (20 l) revealed differences in the magnitude and timing of production and marked differences in community structure with a reduced response of diatoms in microcosm treatments. Notably, we also observed pronounced declines in Prochlorococcus populations in all treatments, although these were greater in microcosms (up to 99%). Overall, this study confirmed the feasibility of deploying free-drifting mesocosms in the open ocean as a potentially powerful tool to investigate ecological impacts of nutrient perturbations and constitutes a valuable first step towards scaling plankton manipulation experiments.","PeriodicalId":8112,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Microbial Ecology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81060783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phytoplankton bloom events result in distinct changes in the composition and availability of nutrients as well as physical conditions within aquatic ecosystems, resulting in significant effects on bacterial communities. Using a metabarcoding approach, this study investigated the effect of a harmful algal bloom (HAB) of Heterosigma akashiwo in the Sundays Estuary, South Africa, on bacterial community structures in this estuarine ecosystem over an entire bloom event. The occurrence of bacterial lineages occurring in both the oxygen-rich surface water and hypoxic bottom waters in this study reflects the respiratory flexibility and potential for both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism across a wide range of bacterial phylogenetic lineages. A close correlation between the bacterial community profiles and the physiological state of the bloom was observed, with Flavobacteria found in increased relative abundances during the H. akashiwo HAB. Flavobacteria are commonly reported in the literature associated with algal blooms, which is indicative of their central role in the degradation of algal-derived organic matter. Halieaceae were prevalent during the bloom, whilst Synechococcales, Cryomorphaceae and Sporichthyaceae were found to be positively correlated with the decay of the H. akashiwo bloom. Rhodobacteraceae correlated significantly with the H. akashiwo bloom; however, unlike the Rhodobacteraceae specific bloom-associated genera reported in literature (predominantly Roseobacter), up to 74% of the Rhodobacteraceae sequence reads in this study were assigned to the genus Litorimicrobium. The distinct bacterial community profiles recorded throughout the H. akashiwo HAB can be attributed to the influence of the bloom-forming species as well as under-representation of estuarine-occurring HABs in the literature.
{"title":"Bacterial community dynamics during a harmful algal bloom of Heterosigma akashiwo","authors":"G. Matcher, D. Lemley, J. Adams","doi":"10.3354/AME01963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/AME01963","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoplankton bloom events result in distinct changes in the composition and availability of nutrients as well as physical conditions within aquatic ecosystems, resulting in significant effects on bacterial communities. Using a metabarcoding approach, this study investigated the effect of a harmful algal bloom (HAB) of Heterosigma akashiwo in the Sundays Estuary, South Africa, on bacterial community structures in this estuarine ecosystem over an entire bloom event. The occurrence of bacterial lineages occurring in both the oxygen-rich surface water and hypoxic bottom waters in this study reflects the respiratory flexibility and potential for both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism across a wide range of bacterial phylogenetic lineages. A close correlation between the bacterial community profiles and the physiological state of the bloom was observed, with Flavobacteria found in increased relative abundances during the H. akashiwo HAB. Flavobacteria are commonly reported in the literature associated with algal blooms, which is indicative of their central role in the degradation of algal-derived organic matter. Halieaceae were prevalent during the bloom, whilst Synechococcales, Cryomorphaceae and Sporichthyaceae were found to be positively correlated with the decay of the H. akashiwo bloom. Rhodobacteraceae correlated significantly with the H. akashiwo bloom; however, unlike the Rhodobacteraceae specific bloom-associated genera reported in literature (predominantly Roseobacter), up to 74% of the Rhodobacteraceae sequence reads in this study were assigned to the genus Litorimicrobium. The distinct bacterial community profiles recorded throughout the H. akashiwo HAB can be attributed to the influence of the bloom-forming species as well as under-representation of estuarine-occurring HABs in the literature.","PeriodicalId":8112,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Microbial Ecology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77603709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phaeocystis globosa blooms have become one of the major ecological issues in the Beibu Gulf, China, in recent years, resulting in a series of negative impacts on local fisheries and industry. While prokaryotes play key roles in nutrient cycling and energy flow during algal blooms, information regarding the response of the prokaryotic community during Phaeocystis blooms remains scarce. Thus, a comprehensive field study covering the onset and senescent phase of P. globosa blooms was conducted in the area from December 2016 to February 2017. The community composition was revealed with high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 7426 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (97% similarity) were identified from 3132328 effective tags, with Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Thaumarchaeota, Verrucomicrobia, Euryarchaeota, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes being the predominant taxa. The composition and structure of particle-attached (PA) and free-living (FL) prokaryotic communities were significantly different: the PA fraction was more diverse and unstable temporally compared to the FL fraction. Variations in the composition and structure of the prokaryotic community were closely associated with major environmental variables, particularly dissolved oxygen (DO), NH4+, PO43-, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The presence of P. globosa may result in differences in the prokaryotic community; members of Rhodobacteraceae, Alteromonadales, Porticoccaceae, Vibrio, Flavobacteriales, and Verrucomicrobiae were the key taxa in the prokaryotic communities during the outbreak and senescent phases of P. globosa blooms. This study provides primary information on the response of prokaryotic communities during P. globosa blooms and will facilitate further study on biogeochemical processes of algal-derived organic matter in the tropical gulf.
{"title":"Prokaryotic community composition and structure during Phaeocystis globosa blooms in the Beibu Gulf, China","authors":"C. He, S. Xu, Z. Kang, S. Song, C. Li","doi":"10.3354/AME01962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/AME01962","url":null,"abstract":"Phaeocystis globosa blooms have become one of the major ecological issues in the Beibu Gulf, China, in recent years, resulting in a series of negative impacts on local fisheries and industry. While prokaryotes play key roles in nutrient cycling and energy flow during algal blooms, information regarding the response of the prokaryotic community during Phaeocystis blooms remains scarce. Thus, a comprehensive field study covering the onset and senescent phase of P. globosa blooms was conducted in the area from December 2016 to February 2017. The community composition was revealed with high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 7426 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (97% similarity) were identified from 3132328 effective tags, with Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Thaumarchaeota, Verrucomicrobia, Euryarchaeota, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes being the predominant taxa. The composition and structure of particle-attached (PA) and free-living (FL) prokaryotic communities were significantly different: the PA fraction was more diverse and unstable temporally compared to the FL fraction. Variations in the composition and structure of the prokaryotic community were closely associated with major environmental variables, particularly dissolved oxygen (DO), NH4+, PO43-, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The presence of P. globosa may result in differences in the prokaryotic community; members of Rhodobacteraceae, Alteromonadales, Porticoccaceae, Vibrio, Flavobacteriales, and Verrucomicrobiae were the key taxa in the prokaryotic communities during the outbreak and senescent phases of P. globosa blooms. This study provides primary information on the response of prokaryotic communities during P. globosa blooms and will facilitate further study on biogeochemical processes of algal-derived organic matter in the tropical gulf.","PeriodicalId":8112,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Microbial Ecology","volume":"81 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80757838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fungi are essential in aquatic ecosystems, transforming organic matter into energy sources that support higher trophic levels. However, researchers do not yet know the extent of fungal diversity and species distribution within these important ecosystems. Therefore, we examined the detrital fungal communities from contrasting aquatic habitats (temperate peatlands and streams) to provide an in-depth inventory and greater understanding of how these communities differ. Fine submerged detritus or substrate on or beneath the stream bed were collected from 6 sites. Fungal cultures were isolated from samples collected in May, July/August, and November from 2 sites in 2014 and 4 sites in 2016. Culture-independent analyses were conducted on 42 environmental samples collected in November 2016. Results indicated that peatland and stream fungal communities were taxonomically diverse, phylogenetically distinct, and harbored many unknown taxa from the kingdom Fungi. Specifically, stream habitats were more species-rich, in both number of species and phylogenetic diversity, compared to peatland habitats. In addition, fungal species and phylogenetic distribution within most major fungal classes were distinct between peatland and stream fungal communities. In light of global climate change, habitat loss, and water pollution, it has become increasingly important to examine these understudied and essential fungal communities within these ecosystems.
{"title":"Fungal communities of submerged fine detritus from temperate peatland and stream habitats","authors":"DB Raudabaugh, E. Bach, J. Allen, Andy Miller","doi":"10.3354/AME01969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/AME01969","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi are essential in aquatic ecosystems, transforming organic matter into energy sources that support higher trophic levels. However, researchers do not yet know the extent of fungal diversity and species distribution within these important ecosystems. Therefore, we examined the detrital fungal communities from contrasting aquatic habitats (temperate peatlands and streams) to provide an in-depth inventory and greater understanding of how these communities differ. Fine submerged detritus or substrate on or beneath the stream bed were collected from 6 sites. Fungal cultures were isolated from samples collected in May, July/August, and November from 2 sites in 2014 and 4 sites in 2016. Culture-independent analyses were conducted on 42 environmental samples collected in November 2016. Results indicated that peatland and stream fungal communities were taxonomically diverse, phylogenetically distinct, and harbored many unknown taxa from the kingdom Fungi. Specifically, stream habitats were more species-rich, in both number of species and phylogenetic diversity, compared to peatland habitats. In addition, fungal species and phylogenetic distribution within most major fungal classes were distinct between peatland and stream fungal communities. In light of global climate change, habitat loss, and water pollution, it has become increasingly important to examine these understudied and essential fungal communities within these ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":8112,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Microbial Ecology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74230173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Song, R. Yi, S. Tanabe, N. Goto, K. Seto, M. Kagami, S. Ban
Zoosporic fungi play an important role in aquatic environments, but their diversity, especially that of parasitic fungi of phytoplankton, has still not been fully revealed. We conducted monthly analyses of the community structure of zoosporic fungi at a pelagic site in Lake Biwa, Japan, from May to December 2016. Metabarcoding analysis, targeted to a large subunit region of ribosomal DNA in the nano-size fraction of particles (2−20 μm), was carried out on the samples. We also counted large phytoplankton and chytrid sporangia attached to the hosts. We detected 3 zoosporic fungal phyla (Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota and Cryptomycota) within 107 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), in which Chytridiomycota was the most diverse and abundant phylum. Few fungal OTUs overlapped between months, and specific communities were detected in each month. These results showed that diverse zoosporic fungi with high temporal variability inhabited the lake. Five large phytoplankton species were found to be infected by chytrids: Staurastrum dorsidentiferum, S. rotula, Closterium aciculare, Asterionella formosa and Aulacoseira granulata. Some chytrids were detected by metabarcoding analysis: Zygophlyctis asterionellae infecting A. formosa, Staurastromyces oculus infecting S. dorsidentiferum and Pendulichytrium sphaericum infecting A. granulata. One OTU detected in association with infected C. aciculare by microscopic counting might have been an obligate parasitic chytrid of C. aciculare. The results indicated that a combination of metabarcoding and microscopic analysis revealed more information on zoosporic fungi, including those that are parasitic.
{"title":"Temporal variation in community structure of zoosporic fungi in Lake Biwa, Japan","authors":"P. Song, R. Yi, S. Tanabe, N. Goto, K. Seto, M. Kagami, S. Ban","doi":"10.3354/AME01970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/AME01970","url":null,"abstract":"Zoosporic fungi play an important role in aquatic environments, but their diversity, especially that of parasitic fungi of phytoplankton, has still not been fully revealed. We conducted monthly analyses of the community structure of zoosporic fungi at a pelagic site in Lake Biwa, Japan, from May to December 2016. Metabarcoding analysis, targeted to a large subunit region of ribosomal DNA in the nano-size fraction of particles (2−20 μm), was carried out on the samples. We also counted large phytoplankton and chytrid sporangia attached to the hosts. We detected 3 zoosporic fungal phyla (Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota and Cryptomycota) within 107 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), in which Chytridiomycota was the most diverse and abundant phylum. Few fungal OTUs overlapped between months, and specific communities were detected in each month. These results showed that diverse zoosporic fungi with high temporal variability inhabited the lake. Five large phytoplankton species were found to be infected by chytrids: Staurastrum dorsidentiferum, S. rotula, Closterium aciculare, Asterionella formosa and Aulacoseira granulata. Some chytrids were detected by metabarcoding analysis: Zygophlyctis asterionellae infecting A. formosa, Staurastromyces oculus infecting S. dorsidentiferum and Pendulichytrium sphaericum infecting A. granulata. One OTU detected in association with infected C. aciculare by microscopic counting might have been an obligate parasitic chytrid of C. aciculare. The results indicated that a combination of metabarcoding and microscopic analysis revealed more information on zoosporic fungi, including those that are parasitic.","PeriodicalId":8112,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Microbial Ecology","volume":"48 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89600328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Yuan, Y. Li, X. Zhang, M. Ge, M. Xin, L. Liu, Z. Wang
We used 18S rRNA gene metabarcoding to investigate picoeukaryotic diversity and distribution at the surface and deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) of 4 stations in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (EEIO). The results showed that picoeukaryotic communities were dominated by 5 phyla: Dinoflagellata, Radiolaria, Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta and Ciliophora. The picoeukaryotic communities were classified into 3 groups matching their water mass origins and depth: (1) Group I was in the surface waters of the Bay of Bengal, which had low salinity, and was dominated by Radiolaria Group A, Spirotrichea and marine stramenopiles; (2) Group II was in the DCM within the intrusion of Arabian Sea high salinity water, in which Chloropicophyceae and Pelagophyceae were more abundant; and (3) Group III was located in the 0°-5°S surface water, which was enriched by Dinophyceae. In addition, Caecitellaceae paraparvulus was abundant at 4°S, where weak vertical mixing occurred. This study provides the first baseline of picoeukaryotic diversity in the EEIO.
{"title":"Diversity of picoeukaryotes in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean revealed by metabarcoding","authors":"C. Yuan, Y. Li, X. Zhang, M. Ge, M. Xin, L. Liu, Z. Wang","doi":"10.3354/AME01965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/AME01965","url":null,"abstract":"We used 18S rRNA gene metabarcoding to investigate picoeukaryotic diversity and distribution at the surface and deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) of 4 stations in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (EEIO). The results showed that picoeukaryotic communities were dominated by 5 phyla: Dinoflagellata, Radiolaria, Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta and Ciliophora. The picoeukaryotic communities were classified into 3 groups matching their water mass origins and depth: (1) Group I was in the surface waters of the Bay of Bengal, which had low salinity, and was dominated by Radiolaria Group A, Spirotrichea and marine stramenopiles; (2) Group II was in the DCM within the intrusion of Arabian Sea high salinity water, in which Chloropicophyceae and Pelagophyceae were more abundant; and (3) Group III was located in the 0°-5°S surface water, which was enriched by Dinophyceae. In addition, Caecitellaceae paraparvulus was abundant at 4°S, where weak vertical mixing occurred. This study provides the first baseline of picoeukaryotic diversity in the EEIO.","PeriodicalId":8112,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Microbial Ecology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83106023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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