F. Herder, Jan Möhring, J. Flury, L. Utama, L. Wantania, D. Wowor, Farnis B. Boneka, Björn Stelbrink, L. Hilgers, J. Schwarzer, J. Pfaender
Ancient Lake Poso in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, is among the deepest lakes in Asia, and hosts a largely endemic fauna of fishes, crustaceans, and molluscs. Introduction of non-native fish species started at least a century ago to foster local fish production. Recent fieldwork suggests that introduction of non-native fishes is ongoing, including species that originate from the ornamental pet trade. These include the hybridogenic ornamental “flowerhorn” cichlid, a fish that spread rapidly in Sulawesi’s Malili Lakes, and the “golden cichlid,” Melanochromis auratus from African Lake Malawi. This popular aquarium species colonized Lake Poso even more rapidly than the flowerhorn, and is omnipresent at benthic habitats across most of the lake. Here, we list records of 17 non-native fish species from Lake Poso, present the first assessment of golden cichlid stomach contents outside of their native habitat, report the occurrences of non-native crustaceans, molluscs and plants, and discuss potential impacts on the native fauna and ecosystem. Most of the non-native species have established substantial populations, and it appears very plausible that the non-native fauna affects endemics. This is supported by the finding that golden cichlid stomachs contained a broad spectrum of items, including fish, their scales, fins, eggs and larvae, and various invertebrates. We conclude that non-native species introduction poses a substantial and increasing threat to the Lake Poso fauna, a major hotspot of aquatic biodiversity in the Wallacea region.
{"title":"More non-native fish species than natives, and an invasion of Malawi cichlids, in ancient Lake Poso, Sulawesi, Indonesia","authors":"F. Herder, Jan Möhring, J. Flury, L. Utama, L. Wantania, D. Wowor, Farnis B. Boneka, Björn Stelbrink, L. Hilgers, J. Schwarzer, J. Pfaender","doi":"10.3391/ai.2022.17.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2022.17.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Ancient Lake Poso in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, is among the deepest lakes in Asia, and hosts a largely endemic fauna of fishes, crustaceans, and molluscs. Introduction of non-native fish species started at least a century ago to foster local fish production. Recent fieldwork suggests that introduction of non-native fishes is ongoing, including species that originate from the ornamental pet trade. These include the hybridogenic ornamental “flowerhorn” cichlid, a fish that spread rapidly in Sulawesi’s Malili Lakes, and the “golden cichlid,” Melanochromis auratus from African Lake Malawi. This popular aquarium species colonized Lake Poso even more rapidly than the flowerhorn, and is omnipresent at benthic habitats across most of the lake. Here, we list records of 17 non-native fish species from Lake Poso, present the first assessment of golden cichlid stomach contents outside of their native habitat, report the occurrences of non-native crustaceans, molluscs and plants, and discuss potential impacts on the native fauna and ecosystem. Most of the non-native species have established substantial populations, and it appears very plausible that the non-native fauna affects endemics. This is supported by the finding that golden cichlid stomachs contained a broad spectrum of items, including fish, their scales, fins, eggs and larvae, and various invertebrates. We conclude that non-native species introduction poses a substantial and increasing threat to the Lake Poso fauna, a major hotspot of aquatic biodiversity in the Wallacea region.","PeriodicalId":8119,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Invasions","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79400774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea , is a broadly distributed and abundant invasive species, yet many aspects of its biology are not well understood. Based on previous research by other investigators, we hypothesized that abundance, population growth rate, and individual growth rate of C. fluminea would increase with temperature, chlorophyll- a , and dissolved oxygen. We sampled C. fluminea at two sites in the lower Columbia River (CR), USA. Modal progression analyses indicated a life span of 2–3 years. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) predicting the abundance of C. fluminea indicated a significant negative association with chlorophyll- a concentration, whereas a GLMM predicting the population growth rate of C. fluminea indicated a significant positive association with dissolved oxygen. The GLMM predicting the individual growth rate of C. fluminea indicated the individual growth rate was not significantly related to any individual environmental variable. Overall, these results emphasize that the biology of C. fluminea in the CR is similar in many regards to other populations studied in temperate regions globally, but that important spatial differences can occur between sites separated by 60 km within the same river system.
{"title":"Abundance and growth of the invasive Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, in the lower Columbia River, USA","authors":"S. Henricksen, S. Bollens","doi":"10.3391/ai.2022.17.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2022.17.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"The Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea , is a broadly distributed and abundant invasive species, yet many aspects of its biology are not well understood. Based on previous research by other investigators, we hypothesized that abundance, population growth rate, and individual growth rate of C. fluminea would increase with temperature, chlorophyll- a , and dissolved oxygen. We sampled C. fluminea at two sites in the lower Columbia River (CR), USA. Modal progression analyses indicated a life span of 2–3 years. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) predicting the abundance of C. fluminea indicated a significant negative association with chlorophyll- a concentration, whereas a GLMM predicting the population growth rate of C. fluminea indicated a significant positive association with dissolved oxygen. The GLMM predicting the individual growth rate of C. fluminea indicated the individual growth rate was not significantly related to any individual environmental variable. Overall, these results emphasize that the biology of C. fluminea in the CR is similar in many regards to other populations studied in temperate regions globally, but that important spatial differences can occur between sites separated by 60 km within the same river system.","PeriodicalId":8119,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Invasions","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91059660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Nico, Matthew E. Neilson, R. Robins, J. Pfeiffer, Matthew Kail, Z. Randall, Eric Johnson
We report on the discovery of a wild, reproducing population of Channa aurolineata (Pisces: Channidae) in west-central Florida (USA), and first documented occurrence of snakeheads in the Gulf Coast region. Channa aurolineata is a large, predatory fish of the bullseye snakehead “Marulius group” species complex from Asia. Adult and juvenile specimens were captured in June 2020 in a 1.8-hectare pond that connects during high water to a small stream within the Manatee River-Tampa Bay Basin. The pond site is 250-km from the only other wild C. aurolineata population in the USA (present in southeast Florida since ca. 2000) and is considered a separate introduction and not the result of natural dispersal. Morphological and molecular comparisons revealed high overlap between the two Florida populations, evidence humans may have transported fish between sites. To verify identification, we compared Florida samples to C. aurolineata from Thailand and found mtDNA-COI barcode sequences to be identical or to differ by only a single base pair. Life body coloration of Florida samples matched their Asian counterparts, but Florida specimens averaged fewer dorsal fin rays (53.6 vs. 56.0), anal fin rays (34.2 vs 36.1), lateral line scales (65.3 vs. 67.4), and vertebrae (62.1 vs. 64.3), differences implying possible founder effect or sampling bias. Existence of this invasive predator is a concern because of the risk of spread and negative ecological effects, including an observation of terrestrial hunting behavior. In 2020–2021, several hundred C. aurolineata were removed from the pond by nets and electrofishing, and surveys suggested the population had not spread to nearby waters. In May 2021 the pond was treated with rotenone and 48 more specimens were recovered. No additional snakeheads have been sighted since the piscicide operation, although verification of eradication will require monitoring of the watershed.
{"title":"Occurrence of a reproducing wild population of Channa aurolineata (Pisces: Channidae) in the Manatee River drainage, Florida","authors":"L. Nico, Matthew E. Neilson, R. Robins, J. Pfeiffer, Matthew Kail, Z. Randall, Eric Johnson","doi":"10.3391/ai.2022.17.4.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2022.17.4.07","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the discovery of a wild, reproducing population of Channa aurolineata (Pisces: Channidae) in west-central Florida (USA), and first documented occurrence of snakeheads in the Gulf Coast region. Channa aurolineata is a large, predatory fish of the bullseye snakehead “Marulius group” species complex from Asia. Adult and juvenile specimens were captured in June 2020 in a 1.8-hectare pond that connects during high water to a small stream within the Manatee River-Tampa Bay Basin. The pond site is 250-km from the only other wild C. aurolineata population in the USA (present in southeast Florida since ca. 2000) and is considered a separate introduction and not the result of natural dispersal. Morphological and molecular comparisons revealed high overlap between the two Florida populations, evidence humans may have transported fish between sites. To verify identification, we compared Florida samples to C. aurolineata from Thailand and found mtDNA-COI barcode sequences to be identical or to differ by only a single base pair. Life body coloration of Florida samples matched their Asian counterparts, but Florida specimens averaged fewer dorsal fin rays (53.6 vs. 56.0), anal fin rays (34.2 vs 36.1), lateral line scales (65.3 vs. 67.4), and vertebrae (62.1 vs. 64.3), differences implying possible founder effect or sampling bias. Existence of this invasive predator is a concern because of the risk of spread and negative ecological effects, including an observation of terrestrial hunting behavior. In 2020–2021, several hundred C. aurolineata were removed from the pond by nets and electrofishing, and surveys suggested the population had not spread to nearby waters. In May 2021 the pond was treated with rotenone and 48 more specimens were recovered. No additional snakeheads have been sighted since the piscicide operation, although verification of eradication will require monitoring of the watershed.","PeriodicalId":8119,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Invasions","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84255479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Gagnon, Heidi Herlevi, J. Wikström, M. Nordström, Tiina Salo, S. Salovius-Laurén, H. Rinne
The non-indigenous tanaidacean crustacean Sinelobus vanhaareni Bamber, 2014 was first found in northern Europe in 2006 and has since spread to the northern Baltic Sea. Here, we surveyed the distribution of the species in different habitats in southwestern Finland, focusing on vegetated macroalgal and seagrass habitats (i.e., Fucus vesiculosus beds and Zostera marina meadows). We also evaluated its potential impacts by synthesizing current knowledge on the traits and ecology of the species, and identified knowledge gaps. We found that S. vanhaareni is now present throughout most of the southwestern Finnish coast, in a number of vegetated and non-vegetated substrates down to 25 m depth. Furthermore, the presence of egg-brooding females in most areas also confirms that the population is self-sustaining. The species is especially abundant in shallow macroalgal belts and eelgrass meadows, which are critical habitats for biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and ecosystem service provisioning, highlighting the need to understand the effects of S. vanhaareni in these important ecosystems. Its presence on boat hulls and in marinas and harbours suggests that recreational boating may be a major spread vector, while drifting macroalgal fragments may also contribute to regional spread. At this stage of invasion, we found high overlap in epifaunal community composition in sites where S. vanhaareni was present and sites where it was absent. Based on the functional traits of S. vanhaareni and closely related species, we infer that it is likely part of the detritus-based pathway in benthic food webs. However, additional sampling and experiments are necessary to determine the true extent of its distribution and to quantify trophic links (through stable isotope analysis, gut content analysis, and experimental trials) to fully understand its effects on communities and trophic networks in the northern Baltic Sea.
{"title":"Distribution and ecology of the recently introduced tanaidacean crustacean Sinelobus vanhaareni Bamber, 2014 in the northern Baltic Sea","authors":"K. Gagnon, Heidi Herlevi, J. Wikström, M. Nordström, Tiina Salo, S. Salovius-Laurén, H. Rinne","doi":"10.3391/ai.2022.17.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2022.17.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"The non-indigenous tanaidacean crustacean Sinelobus vanhaareni Bamber, 2014 was first found in northern Europe in 2006 and has since spread to the northern Baltic Sea. Here, we surveyed the distribution of the species in different habitats in southwestern Finland, focusing on vegetated macroalgal and seagrass habitats (i.e., Fucus vesiculosus beds and Zostera marina meadows). We also evaluated its potential impacts by synthesizing current knowledge on the traits and ecology of the species, and identified knowledge gaps. We found that S. vanhaareni is now present throughout most of the southwestern Finnish coast, in a number of vegetated and non-vegetated substrates down to 25 m depth. Furthermore, the presence of egg-brooding females in most areas also confirms that the population is self-sustaining. The species is especially abundant in shallow macroalgal belts and eelgrass meadows, which are critical habitats for biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and ecosystem service provisioning, highlighting the need to understand the effects of S. vanhaareni in these important ecosystems. Its presence on boat hulls and in marinas and harbours suggests that recreational boating may be a major spread vector, while drifting macroalgal fragments may also contribute to regional spread. At this stage of invasion, we found high overlap in epifaunal community composition in sites where S. vanhaareni was present and sites where it was absent. Based on the functional traits of S. vanhaareni and closely related species, we infer that it is likely part of the detritus-based pathway in benthic food webs. However, additional sampling and experiments are necessary to determine the true extent of its distribution and to quantify trophic links (through stable isotope analysis, gut content analysis, and experimental trials) to fully understand its effects on communities and trophic networks in the northern Baltic Sea.","PeriodicalId":8119,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Invasions","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87549380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The origins of Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) in New Zealand’s aquarium trade and non-indigenous population","authors":"I. Duggan, M. Knox","doi":"10.3391/ai.2022.17.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2022.17.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8119,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Invasions","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83439693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Radashevsky, V. Pankova, T. Neretina, Alexander Tzetlin
Recent invasions of the North and Baltic Seas by three Marenzelleria species have extensively altered benthic communities in the region. Despite several studies on the morphology and biology of the worms, their morphological identifications are often challenging. Here we summarize and map the available records of Marenzelleria from Eurasia, distinguishing those based on morphology versus molecular data. Based upon the genetic similarity ( p = 0.08% for COI ) between individuals from the Baltic Sea and individuals from the Barents and White Seas we propose, for the first time, a possible route for the invasion of the Baltic Sea by M. arctia from the White Sea through the White Sea–Baltic Sea Canal. At the same time, our analysis of the sequences of COI fragments showed a significant genetic distance ( p = 4.28– 4.29%) between individuals identified as M. arctia from the Baltic, Barents and White Seas and those from the Kara Sea. This genetic distance, as well as the isolated estuarine habitats of these Arctic worms, and the large geographic distance between the type locality of M. arctia in the Beaufort Sea (Alaska) and northern Europe, raise doubts about the conspecificity of North American, North European and Northwest Pacific populations. We report M. neglecta for the first time for the British Isles (River Thames). We also review the evidence for the role of the Baltic Sea−Volga Canal and the Volga−Don Canal in facilitating the dispersal of M. neglecta to the Caspian Sea and the Sea of Azov, respectively. We further provide new insight on the phylogeny of Marenzelleria , an updated diagnosis of the genus and a key for morphological identification of Marenzelleria adults greater than 1.2 mm wide.
{"title":"Canals and invasions: a review of the distribution of Marenzelleria (Annelida: Spionidae) in Eurasia, with a key to Marenzelleria species and insights on their relationships","authors":"V. Radashevsky, V. Pankova, T. Neretina, Alexander Tzetlin","doi":"10.3391/ai.2022.17.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2022.17.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Recent invasions of the North and Baltic Seas by three Marenzelleria species have extensively altered benthic communities in the region. Despite several studies on the morphology and biology of the worms, their morphological identifications are often challenging. Here we summarize and map the available records of Marenzelleria from Eurasia, distinguishing those based on morphology versus molecular data. Based upon the genetic similarity ( p = 0.08% for COI ) between individuals from the Baltic Sea and individuals from the Barents and White Seas we propose, for the first time, a possible route for the invasion of the Baltic Sea by M. arctia from the White Sea through the White Sea–Baltic Sea Canal. At the same time, our analysis of the sequences of COI fragments showed a significant genetic distance ( p = 4.28– 4.29%) between individuals identified as M. arctia from the Baltic, Barents and White Seas and those from the Kara Sea. This genetic distance, as well as the isolated estuarine habitats of these Arctic worms, and the large geographic distance between the type locality of M. arctia in the Beaufort Sea (Alaska) and northern Europe, raise doubts about the conspecificity of North American, North European and Northwest Pacific populations. We report M. neglecta for the first time for the British Isles (River Thames). We also review the evidence for the role of the Baltic Sea−Volga Canal and the Volga−Don Canal in facilitating the dispersal of M. neglecta to the Caspian Sea and the Sea of Azov, respectively. We further provide new insight on the phylogeny of Marenzelleria , an updated diagnosis of the genus and a key for morphological identification of Marenzelleria adults greater than 1.2 mm wide.","PeriodicalId":8119,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Invasions","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80047913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Palero, Inma Ferrer-Mateu, Benedict S. Wray, Rhian Hughes, D. Morritt, M. Lepage, M. Kotterman, Magnus van der Meer, M. Tate, S. Kamanli, Lisa Smith, J. Llewellyn-Hughes, Paul Clark
{"title":"Presence of a second Eriocheir species in Europe as confirmed by molecular and morphological data","authors":"F. Palero, Inma Ferrer-Mateu, Benedict S. Wray, Rhian Hughes, D. Morritt, M. Lepage, M. Kotterman, Magnus van der Meer, M. Tate, S. Kamanli, Lisa Smith, J. Llewellyn-Hughes, Paul Clark","doi":"10.3391/ai.2022.17.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2022.17.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8119,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Invasions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88355139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Tsirintanis, E. Azzurro, F. Crocetta, M. Dimiza, C. Froglia, V. Gerovasileiou, J. Langeneck, G. Mancinelli, A. Rosso, N. Stern, M. Triantaphyllou, K. Tsiamis, X. Turon, M. Verlaque, A. Zenetos, S. Katsanevakis
{"title":"Bioinvasion impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human health in the Mediterranean Sea","authors":"K. Tsirintanis, E. Azzurro, F. Crocetta, M. Dimiza, C. Froglia, V. Gerovasileiou, J. Langeneck, G. Mancinelli, A. Rosso, N. Stern, M. Triantaphyllou, K. Tsiamis, X. Turon, M. Verlaque, A. Zenetos, S. Katsanevakis","doi":"10.3391/ai.2022.17.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2022.17.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8119,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Invasions","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72519583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Population structure and demography of non-indigenous Japanese mystery snails in freshwater habitats of Virginia and Washington, D.C., USA","authors":"A. Fowler, Grace A. Loonam, A. Blakeslee","doi":"10.3391/ai.2022.17.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2022.17.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8119,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Invasions","volume":"484 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76372639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Originating from South East Asia the catadromous Chinese mitten crab ( Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853) is listed as one of the 100 world’s worst invasive species. In 1912 E. sinensis was first recorded in Central Europe. Nowadays the species is common in various European rivers and widespread in large rivers of the northern hemisphere. High densities of the crab can cause serious economic damage in water management and to the fishing industry. During their natural migration from the estuary upstream, subadult individuals are able to reach river sections several hundred kilometers away from the delta. The ecological impacts on community and food web structures of the Chinese mitten crab (CMC) are less often considered in scientific studies than their economic effects. The diet of CMC under natural conditions is rarely studied, but macrophytes are known to be an important food source of the crab. However, in the main stretch of the Lower Rhine macrophytes are broadly missing. Initial stable isotope analyses showed that CMC occupies a trophic level comparable to carnivorous fish in this system. Thus, a strong predatory impact of CMC on the fauna is likely. Here we use qualitative and quantitative approaches to investigate the diet of Chinese mitten crab to estimate their impact on the food web. Bulk stable isotope analyses of δ 13 C and δ 15 N of E. sinensis and potential food resources were conducted and genetic gut content analyses (GGCA) via group-specific primers for common macroinvertebrates of the River Rhine were used to determine prey organisms. While GGCA only rarely detected invertebrate prey and many plant fibres were visible in the stomachs and guts of the CMCs, stable isotope mixing model (simmr) analyses revealed a high contribution of some easily accessible macroinvertebrate species to the CMCs diet. This contradiction between the gut content findings and the simmr mixing model results indicate not only that animal material is more easily assimilated, but also that the CMC may have a strong impact on the benthic fauna of the Lower Rhine, which would have been underestimated if solely gut content analyses were used.
起源于东南亚的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853年)被列为世界上100种最严重的入侵物种之一。1912年，在中欧首次发现中华鄂蚊。如今，这个物种在欧洲的河流中很常见，在北半球的大河中也很普遍。蟹的高密度会对水管理和渔业造成严重的经济损失。在它们从河口上游自然迁徙的过程中，亚成虫能够到达离三角洲几百公里远的河段。在科学研究中，对中华绒螯蟹(CMC)群落和食物网结构的生态影响较少考虑其经济效应。自然条件下CMC的饮食研究很少，但已知大型植物是蟹的重要食物来源。然而，在莱茵河下游的主要地区，大型植物普遍缺失。初步的稳定同位素分析表明，CMC在该系统中占有与肉食性鱼类相当的营养水平。因此，CMC可能对动物群产生强烈的掠食性影响。本文采用定性和定量相结合的方法对中华绒螯蟹的饮食进行了研究，以估计其对食物网的影响。利用群特异引物对莱茵河常见大型无脊椎动物进行了遗传肠道含量分析(GGCA)，并对中华鲟和潜在食物资源进行了δ 13c和δ 15n的总体稳定同位素分析。虽然GGCA很少检测到无脊椎动物猎物，并且在cmc的胃和肠道中可以看到许多植物纤维，但稳定同位素混合模型(simmr)分析显示，一些易于获取的大型无脊椎动物物种对cmc的饮食有很高的贡献。肠道含量结果与simmr混合模型结果之间的矛盾不仅表明动物物质更容易被同化，而且表明CMC可能对莱茵河下游的底栖动物产生强烈影响，如果只使用肠道含量分析，则会低估这种影响。
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