Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2023.1126
Djeugap FJ, Labassou HD, Essomo ES, Sonkoue MA, Serferbe S
In Chad Republic, kernels/grains of Vitellaria paradoxa and Parkia biglobosa are two Edible Non-Timber Forest Products (ENTFP) with high economic value. These products are colonized by un-identified post-harvest fungi that are responsible for high post-harvest losses. The objective of the study was to contribute to the management of the post-harvest diseases of kernels of V. paradoxa and P. Biglosa through natural products. To achieve this, post-harvest fungi were isolated from infected kernels and their pathogenicity tested. Then, antifungal activity of Essential Oil (EO) of Thymus algeriensis and crude extract of African panaxia was carry out by the dispersion method on the agar medium on four pathogenic fungi isolated from the two infected ENTFP. Results showed that V. paradoxa kernels were highly infected (77-95%) compared to P. biglobosa (0.6-2.6%). Fungal species frequently associated with V. paradoxa and P. Biglobosa kernels were: Aspergillus niger (46%), Rhizopus nigricans (17%), Oidium sp (22%) and Cercospora sp (8%); and Oidium sp (55%), A. niger (18%), A. flavus (18%) and Cercospora sp (6%) in V. paradoxa and P. biglobosa respectively. Pathogenicity test was positive with all the species belonging to the genus Aspergillus and with Oidium sp. Essential oil of T. vulgaris at 1.5 �l/ml and the crude extract of African panaxia at 120 �g/ml totally inhibited the growth of the four potential mycotoxigenic fungi tested; their efficacy were significantly comparable (p<0.05) to the reference fungicide (Terazeb). In vivo control of post-harvest diseases with these two natural products is being carry out.
{"title":"Post-Harvest Fungi of Vitellaria paradoxa and Parkia biglosa in Chad Republic and Bioactivity of Natural Products against Some Pathogenic Fungi","authors":"Djeugap FJ, Labassou HD, Essomo ES, Sonkoue MA, Serferbe S","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2023.1126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2023.1126","url":null,"abstract":"In Chad Republic, kernels/grains of Vitellaria paradoxa and Parkia biglobosa are two Edible Non-Timber Forest Products (ENTFP) with high economic value. These products are colonized by un-identified post-harvest fungi that are responsible for high post-harvest losses. The objective of the study was to contribute to the management of the post-harvest diseases of kernels of V. paradoxa and P. Biglosa through natural products. To achieve this, post-harvest fungi were isolated from infected kernels and their pathogenicity tested. Then, antifungal activity of Essential Oil (EO) of Thymus algeriensis and crude extract of African panaxia was carry out by the dispersion method on the agar medium on four pathogenic fungi isolated from the two infected ENTFP. Results showed that V. paradoxa kernels were highly infected (77-95%) compared to P. biglobosa (0.6-2.6%). Fungal species frequently associated with V. paradoxa and P. Biglobosa kernels were: Aspergillus niger (46%), Rhizopus nigricans (17%), Oidium sp (22%) and Cercospora sp (8%); and Oidium sp (55%), A. niger (18%), A. flavus (18%) and Cercospora sp (6%) in V. paradoxa and P. biglobosa respectively. Pathogenicity test was positive with all the species belonging to the genus Aspergillus and with Oidium sp. Essential oil of T. vulgaris at 1.5 �l/ml and the crude extract of African panaxia at 120 �g/ml totally inhibited the growth of the four potential mycotoxigenic fungi tested; their efficacy were significantly comparable (p<0.05) to the reference fungicide (Terazeb). In vivo control of post-harvest diseases with these two natural products is being carry out.","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":"613 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136245494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-09DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2022.1109
Jahan M, Ghalenoei Sh
Climate change and variability may have an impact on the occurrence of food safety hazards at various stages of the food chain. It may also affect socio-economic aspects related to food systems such as agriculture, animal production, global trade, demographics and human behavior which all influence food safety. There is also concern that meeting the rising demand for food is leading to environmental degradation thereby exacerbating factors in part responsible for climate change, and further undermining the food systems upon which food security is based. A major emphasis of climate change/food security research over recent years has addressed the agronomic aspects of climate change, and particularly crop yield. Therefore, while agronomic research alone cannot address all food security/climate change issues, hence the balance of investment in research and development for crop production vis a vis other aspects of food security needs to be assessed. Improved understanding of the impacts of climate change on crop production helps to develop adaptation options, and also crucially it improves understanding of the consequences of different adaptation options on further climate forcing. This role can further be strengthened if agronomists work alongside other scientists to develop adaptation options that are not only effective in terms of crop production, but are also environmentally and economically robust, at landscape and regional scales. Furthermore, such integrated approaches are much more likely to address the information need of policy makers. The potential for stronger linkages between the results of agronomic research and the policy environment will thus be enhanced.
{"title":"Challenges and Opportunities Faced on Food Production Systems in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions under Climate Change Conditions","authors":"Jahan M, Ghalenoei Sh","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2022.1109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2022.1109","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and variability may have an impact on the occurrence of food safety hazards at various stages of the food chain. It may also affect socio-economic aspects related to food systems such as agriculture, animal production, global trade, demographics and human behavior which all influence food safety. There is also concern that meeting the rising demand for food is leading to environmental degradation thereby exacerbating factors in part responsible for climate change, and further undermining the food systems upon which food security is based. A major emphasis of climate change/food security research over recent years has addressed the agronomic aspects of climate change, and particularly crop yield. Therefore, while agronomic research alone cannot address all food security/climate change issues, hence the balance of investment in research and development for crop production vis a vis other aspects of food security needs to be assessed. Improved understanding of the impacts of climate change on crop production helps to develop adaptation options, and also crucially it improves understanding of the consequences of different adaptation options on further climate forcing. This role can further be strengthened if agronomists work alongside other scientists to develop adaptation options that are not only effective in terms of crop production, but are also environmentally and economically robust, at landscape and regional scales. Furthermore, such integrated approaches are much more likely to address the information need of policy makers. The potential for stronger linkages between the results of agronomic research and the policy environment will thus be enhanced.","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89918320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2022.1108
Parvin Ms, Haque Mde, A. F, Shafin Ms
The concept of integrated management was first conceptualized in the 1950s by entomologists to describe the selection of specific pesticides with adjusted dosages and application timings to control harmful insects and mites while preserving beneficial insects. However, the management of disease conveys the idea of a continuous process that is more preventative in which the loss from disease is kept below some economic level. Over the decades, the concept was eventually expanded to include all relevant biological, cultural, and chemical tactics to manage insect, pathogen and weed pests of crops; a multi-tactic approach to pest management. Notably, the concept of plant health management was taken up by the American Phytopathological Society in the early ’90s, which resulted in series of Plant Health Management publications such as “Wheat health Management” and “Potato Health Management”. In this review article, we will discuss the closely associated pathogens included Cercospora, Alternaria, and Web blotch, which cause peanut foliar disease, and its management strategies.
{"title":"Integrated Management of Peanut Foliar Diseases by Cercospora, Alternaria and Web Blotch","authors":"Parvin Ms, Haque Mde, A. F, Shafin Ms","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2022.1108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2022.1108","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of integrated management was first conceptualized in the 1950s by entomologists to describe the selection of specific pesticides with adjusted dosages and application timings to control harmful insects and mites while preserving beneficial insects. However, the management of disease conveys the idea of a continuous process that is more preventative in which the loss from disease is kept below some economic level. Over the decades, the concept was eventually expanded to include all relevant biological, cultural, and chemical tactics to manage insect, pathogen and weed pests of crops; a multi-tactic approach to pest management. Notably, the concept of plant health management was taken up by the American Phytopathological Society in the early ’90s, which resulted in series of Plant Health Management publications such as “Wheat health Management” and “Potato Health Management”. In this review article, we will discuss the closely associated pathogens included Cercospora, Alternaria, and Web blotch, which cause peanut foliar disease, and its management strategies.","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84826729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2022.1107
A. Wf, Hegab Rh, Ellington Ef
Legumes cultivation is subjected to different constraints, which reduce productivity, particularly effects of global warming, and other constraints. While the large diversity of legumes play an important contributing role to food and nutrition security by the sustainable agriculture (crop and livestock systems) and food systems worldwide. Improving legumes production needs numerous strategies achievement proper production for humanity. Through different ways that include policy creativities to encourage legume cultivation, produce legume varieties adapted to changing climatic conditions. In addition to using proper agricultural strategies to increase the availability of legumes like increasing annual cultivation by both horizontal extensions by increasing planted area and reclamation the poor soil and using intensive planting system as a Vertical development tool. Besides, planting legumes with other crops in the intercropping system, as well as involving legumes into the annual agriculture system, improving postharvest processing to minimize crop losses. Furthermore, using modern technology in agriculture like smart agriculture to increase legumes productivity. There are many health benefits to legume crops due to their component, particularly protein, which reaches two or three-fold as in other crops such as cereals, which contain less than half of the protein in legumes. In addition to carbohydrates, folic acid, fibers, also, legumes are considered low-fat seeds. In addition, to using leguminous crops as fodder resources for animals both directly and as a part of different feeds for livestock and poultry.
{"title":"Challenges and Opportunities for the Global Cultivation and Adaptation of Legumes B. Opportunities for Increasing Legumes Production and Availability","authors":"A. Wf, Hegab Rh, Ellington Ef","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2022.1107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2022.1107","url":null,"abstract":"Legumes cultivation is subjected to different constraints, which reduce productivity, particularly effects of global warming, and other constraints. While the large diversity of legumes play an important contributing role to food and nutrition security by the sustainable agriculture (crop and livestock systems) and food systems worldwide. Improving legumes production needs numerous strategies achievement proper production for humanity. Through different ways that include policy creativities to encourage legume cultivation, produce legume varieties adapted to changing climatic conditions. In addition to using proper agricultural strategies to increase the availability of legumes like increasing annual cultivation by both horizontal extensions by increasing planted area and reclamation the poor soil and using intensive planting system as a Vertical development tool. Besides, planting legumes with other crops in the intercropping system, as well as involving legumes into the annual agriculture system, improving postharvest processing to minimize crop losses. Furthermore, using modern technology in agriculture like smart agriculture to increase legumes productivity. There are many health benefits to legume crops due to their component, particularly protein, which reaches two or three-fold as in other crops such as cereals, which contain less than half of the protein in legumes. In addition to carbohydrates, folic acid, fibers, also, legumes are considered low-fat seeds. In addition, to using leguminous crops as fodder resources for animals both directly and as a part of different feeds for livestock and poultry.","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87618143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-27DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2022.1106
B. M, Makhlouf H, K. D., Tidjani A
Unlike most Sahelian towns, the production and selling of milk in N’Djamena is generally made in a traditional way and causes a serious hygiene and public health problem. This survey aims to improve the hygienic quality of milk by reducing contamination at critical points in the milk production chain. The approach is based on using suitable, cleaning and disinfection equipment’s of milking, collection and storage. The results showed contamination had significantly decreased by comparing the situation before and after interventions. The average of total mesophilic flora felt from 3106 to 104, total coliforms from 6.8103 to 3.9101; thermotolerant coliforms from 2101 to 0.6101 and Staphylococcus from 1.07102 to 1.5101. The pH increased from 6.55 to 6.6 and the dornic acidity from 20 to 21. The investment cost is 15 FCFA/day in the village with 146 liters of milk sold at 275 FCFA per unit. It is 12 FCFA/day per dairy unit for 324.6 liters sold at 533.33 FCFA per unit. The model for improving the hygienic quality of milk sold in N’Djamena improved the physico-chemical qualities of milk and significantly reduced the rate of microbial contamination. The general hygiene improvement and especially personal hygiene quality was weak because it is very difficult to change traditional behavior, but the boil milk action contributed to reduce the initial contamination.
{"title":"Traditional Livestock System and Improvement of Cow’s Hygienic Milk Quality Sold in N’Djamena, Chad","authors":"B. M, Makhlouf H, K. D., Tidjani A","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2022.1106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2022.1106","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike most Sahelian towns, the production and selling of milk in N’Djamena is generally made in a traditional way and causes a serious hygiene and public health problem. This survey aims to improve the hygienic quality of milk by reducing contamination at critical points in the milk production chain. The approach is based on using suitable, cleaning and disinfection equipment’s of milking, collection and storage. The results showed contamination had significantly decreased by comparing the situation before and after interventions. The average of total mesophilic flora felt from 3106 to 104, total coliforms from 6.8103 to 3.9101; thermotolerant coliforms from 2101 to 0.6101 and Staphylococcus from 1.07102 to 1.5101. The pH increased from 6.55 to 6.6 and the dornic acidity from 20 to 21. The investment cost is 15 FCFA/day in the village with 146 liters of milk sold at 275 FCFA per unit. It is 12 FCFA/day per dairy unit for 324.6 liters sold at 533.33 FCFA per unit. The model for improving the hygienic quality of milk sold in N’Djamena improved the physico-chemical qualities of milk and significantly reduced the rate of microbial contamination. The general hygiene improvement and especially personal hygiene quality was weak because it is very difficult to change traditional behavior, but the boil milk action contributed to reduce the initial contamination.","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":"516 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77107696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2022.1105
T. A., R. M, F. R.
The prolonged effect of no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) treatment on durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), continuously grown in Southern Italy, has been evaluated in experimental fields for sixteen years (1994/95-2009/10) to ascertain whether the yields and quality of the grain as well as some soil characteristics had changed. The average grain yield in CT (2.70 ± 0.96 t ha-1) and NT (2.63 ± 0.74 t ha-1) treatment was not significant. CT treatment showed higher values of plant height and grain weight (74.2 cm and 43.2 g) than NT (71.0 cm and 41.8 g). Regarding to the semolina quality, the values of the gluten index and the dough strength (W parameter) as well as the protein content and the yellow index were not significantly different for the NT and CT treatments. As for soil moisture, the NT treatment stored in the soil profile, and over time, about 13% more water than the CT one. In the upper soil layer of the NT treatment the SOC value (16.0 ± 2.2 g kg-1) was 13.2% higher than CT one (14.2 ± 1.2 g kg-1) while the CT treatment (13.7 ± 0.5 g kg-1) showed in the lower soil layer a SOC value of 30.2% higher than the NT one (9.6 ± 1.9 g kg-1). Hence the prolonged no-tillage adoption in conditions of continuous durum wheat cultivation, even with slight losses in yield but not in the quality of grain or semolina, would seem sustainable.
对意大利南部连续种植的硬粒小麦(Triticum durum Desf.)进行了为期16年(1994/95-2009/10)的免耕(NT)和常规耕作(CT)处理的长期效果评估，以确定籽粒产量和质量以及一些土壤特征是否发生了变化。CT(2.70±0.96 t ha-1)和NT(2.63±0.74 t ha-1)处理的平均籽粒产量不显著。粗粒小麦的株高(74.2 cm)和粒重(43.2 g)均高于粗粒小麦(71.0 cm)和粗粒小麦(41.8 g)。粗粒小麦品质方面，粗粒小麦面筋指数、面团强度(W参数)、蛋白质含量和黄指数在粗粒小麦品质上无显著差异。在土壤水分方面，NT处理在土壤剖面中储存的水分，随着时间的推移，比CT处理多13%左右。土壤表层土壤有机碳(16.0±2.2 g kg-1)比土壤表层有机碳(14.2±1.2 g kg-1)高13.2%，土壤表层有机碳(13.7±0.5 g kg-1)比土壤表层有机碳(9.6±1.9 g kg-1)高30.2%。因此，在连续种植硬粒小麦的条件下，即使产量略有下降，但谷物或粗粒粉的质量却没有下降，长期采用免耕似乎是可持续的。
{"title":"Is it Sustainable to Cultivate a Monoculture of Durum Wheat with Prolonged No-Tillage Management?","authors":"T. A., R. M, F. R.","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2022.1105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2022.1105","url":null,"abstract":"The prolonged effect of no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) treatment on durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), continuously grown in Southern Italy, has been evaluated in experimental fields for sixteen years (1994/95-2009/10) to ascertain whether the yields and quality of the grain as well as some soil characteristics had changed. The average grain yield in CT (2.70 ± 0.96 t ha-1) and NT (2.63 ± 0.74 t ha-1) treatment was not significant. CT treatment showed higher values of plant height and grain weight (74.2 cm and 43.2 g) than NT (71.0 cm and 41.8 g). Regarding to the semolina quality, the values of the gluten index and the dough strength (W parameter) as well as the protein content and the yellow index were not significantly different for the NT and CT treatments. As for soil moisture, the NT treatment stored in the soil profile, and over time, about 13% more water than the CT one. In the upper soil layer of the NT treatment the SOC value (16.0 ± 2.2 g kg-1) was 13.2% higher than CT one (14.2 ± 1.2 g kg-1) while the CT treatment (13.7 ± 0.5 g kg-1) showed in the lower soil layer a SOC value of 30.2% higher than the NT one (9.6 ± 1.9 g kg-1). Hence the prolonged no-tillage adoption in conditions of continuous durum wheat cultivation, even with slight losses in yield but not in the quality of grain or semolina, would seem sustainable.","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80895278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2022.1104
Malakouti Mj, Bybordi A, Bahrami A, A. Skh
One of the most important quality factors in the wheat grain, which directly affects the quality of the bread, is the molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc (PA/ Zn) index. In order to evaluate the role of balanced fertilization on increasing the yield, quality, and reducing PA/Zn in wheat grain (Triticum aestivum L.), the first experiment was implemented with two fertilizer treatments (Farmer’s conventional fertilization practice, i.e. NP-fertilizers) and the optimum use of fertilizers (fertilization was on the basis of soil test results) in three different irrigated farms in Mianeh, East Azarbaijan province and the second experiment was carried out in 10 different dryland farms on the outskirts of the Khodabandeh, Zanjan Province in 2010-2011 growing season with an average of 380 mm annual rainfall. This experiment had three treatments, i.e. T1=Control (no fertilizer); T2=Farmer’s conventional fertilization practice (NP-fertilizers), and T3=Fertilization based on soil test values (Optimum use of fertilizers) in four replications with a randomized complete block design. The wheat cultivar in the irrigated farms was Alvand and in the rainfed farms was Azar-2. Protein, phytic acid, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) in wheat grains were analyzed according to the standard methods. The collected data were analyzed by using a t-test and SAS Software. The results revealed that in the irrigated wheat fields, the optimal use of fertilizers increased the grain yield up to 27 percent, protein content, all micronutrients especially Zn significantly, but it decreased PA/Zn molar ratio significantly in comparison to Farmer’s conventional fertilization practice. While phytic acid concentration in the control plots was 8.70, it decreased up to 7.41gkg-1, Zn concentration was increased from 29 to 43 mgkg-1 and subsequently, PA/Zn molar ratio was reduced from 30 to 17. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference for phytic acid, Zn, and PA/Zn molar ratio in all wheat farms in the second experiment, the results demonstrated that while the average grain yield in T1 was 975kgha-1, it has increased up to 1401kgha-1 in T2 and over 1628kgha-1, respectively. The average yield increase was significant at the 5% level despite the existing drought situation in the fall of 2010. The mean concentration of P and Zn in wheat grains in the control plots were 0.26 percent and 21mgkg-1, in Farmer’s conventional fertilization practice were 0.24 percent and 25mgkg-1 and in the fertilization based on soil test values were 0.21 percent and 30mgkg-1, respectively and they were significant in the 5% level. While PA/Zn in the control plots was 29, it has been decreased to 22 in T2 and to 15 in T3 plots, respectively. Comparison between PA/Zn molar ratios revealed that due to the existing water during the growing season in the irrigated fields, the availability of all nutrients including Zn was slightly higher, b
{"title":"The Role of Balanced Fertilization on the Reduction of Phytic Acid to Zinc Molar Ratio (PA/Zn) in the Irrigated and Rainfed Wheat Fields on the Calcareous Soils of Iran","authors":"Malakouti Mj, Bybordi A, Bahrami A, A. Skh","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2022.1104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2022.1104","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important quality factors in the wheat grain, which directly affects the quality of the bread, is the molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc (PA/ Zn) index. In order to evaluate the role of balanced fertilization on increasing the yield, quality, and reducing PA/Zn in wheat grain (Triticum aestivum L.), the first experiment was implemented with two fertilizer treatments (Farmer’s conventional fertilization practice, i.e. NP-fertilizers) and the optimum use of fertilizers (fertilization was on the basis of soil test results) in three different irrigated farms in Mianeh, East Azarbaijan province and the second experiment was carried out in 10 different dryland farms on the outskirts of the Khodabandeh, Zanjan Province in 2010-2011 growing season with an average of 380 mm annual rainfall. This experiment had three treatments, i.e. T1=Control (no fertilizer); T2=Farmer’s conventional fertilization practice (NP-fertilizers), and T3=Fertilization based on soil test values (Optimum use of fertilizers) in four replications with a randomized complete block design. The wheat cultivar in the irrigated farms was Alvand and in the rainfed farms was Azar-2. Protein, phytic acid, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) in wheat grains were analyzed according to the standard methods. The collected data were analyzed by using a t-test and SAS Software. The results revealed that in the irrigated wheat fields, the optimal use of fertilizers increased the grain yield up to 27 percent, protein content, all micronutrients especially Zn significantly, but it decreased PA/Zn molar ratio significantly in comparison to Farmer’s conventional fertilization practice. While phytic acid concentration in the control plots was 8.70, it decreased up to 7.41gkg-1, Zn concentration was increased from 29 to 43 mgkg-1 and subsequently, PA/Zn molar ratio was reduced from 30 to 17. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference for phytic acid, Zn, and PA/Zn molar ratio in all wheat farms in the second experiment, the results demonstrated that while the average grain yield in T1 was 975kgha-1, it has increased up to 1401kgha-1 in T2 and over 1628kgha-1, respectively. The average yield increase was significant at the 5% level despite the existing drought situation in the fall of 2010. The mean concentration of P and Zn in wheat grains in the control plots were 0.26 percent and 21mgkg-1, in Farmer’s conventional fertilization practice were 0.24 percent and 25mgkg-1 and in the fertilization based on soil test values were 0.21 percent and 30mgkg-1, respectively and they were significant in the 5% level. While PA/Zn in the control plots was 29, it has been decreased to 22 in T2 and to 15 in T3 plots, respectively. Comparison between PA/Zn molar ratios revealed that due to the existing water during the growing season in the irrigated fields, the availability of all nutrients including Zn was slightly higher, b","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73361729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1101
Karimi H, Malakouti Mj, D. M, A. Skh
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important agricultural crop after wheat, rice, and maize around the world, so increasing its quality (with a low amount of contaminants) is very important and notable. If for any reason, Cadmium (Cd) concentration increases in the soil, its uptake by the potato will be increased as a result. One of the main sources of Cd in the soil is the application of imbalanced fertilization especially consuming imported phosphate fertilizers. In order to investigate the effect of different sources of P-fertilizers on the Cd accumulation in potato tubers, an experiment was carried out on a farm in Dehgolan, Iran. This experiment was conducted based on a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Before starting the experiment, soil and P-fertilizer samples were taken and analyzed in the laboratory. The concentration of soil available P, Zn, and Cd were 8.0, 0.75, and 0.15 mg kg-1 respectively and the concentration of Cd in different P-fertilizers were 5, 15, and 25 mg kg-1 respectively. Experimental treatments were: T1 (control) = Without P; T2 = T1+RP (Rock Phosphate); T3 = T1+SSP (Simple superphosphate) and T4 = T1+TSP (Triple superphosphate). The results revealed that Cd concentration in T1 was 0.10, in T2 was 0.13, in T3 was 0.25 and in T4 was 0.29 mg kg-1. Thus, TSP caused maximum, and RP caused the least Cd accumulation in potato tubers (p <0.01). According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that application of P-fertilizers should be based on the soil test results and using rock phosphate and simple superphosphate should become a priority, we have to select P-fertilizers which has the lowest Cd concentration, and to take care of controlling the quality of imported P-fertilizers especially their Cd content.
{"title":"Effect of Different Sources of Phosphate Fertilizers on Cadmium Accumulation in Potato Tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the Calcareous Soils of Iran","authors":"Karimi H, Malakouti Mj, D. M, A. Skh","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1101","url":null,"abstract":"Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important agricultural crop after wheat, rice, and maize around the world, so increasing its quality (with a low amount of contaminants) is very important and notable. If for any reason, Cadmium (Cd) concentration increases in the soil, its uptake by the potato will be increased as a result. One of the main sources of Cd in the soil is the application of imbalanced fertilization especially consuming imported phosphate fertilizers. In order to investigate the effect of different sources of P-fertilizers on the Cd accumulation in potato tubers, an experiment was carried out on a farm in Dehgolan, Iran. This experiment was conducted based on a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Before starting the experiment, soil and P-fertilizer samples were taken and analyzed in the laboratory. The concentration of soil available P, Zn, and Cd were 8.0, 0.75, and 0.15 mg kg-1 respectively and the concentration of Cd in different P-fertilizers were 5, 15, and 25 mg kg-1 respectively. Experimental treatments were: T1 (control) = Without P; T2 = T1+RP (Rock Phosphate); T3 = T1+SSP (Simple superphosphate) and T4 = T1+TSP (Triple superphosphate). The results revealed that Cd concentration in T1 was 0.10, in T2 was 0.13, in T3 was 0.25 and in T4 was 0.29 mg kg-1. Thus, TSP caused maximum, and RP caused the least Cd accumulation in potato tubers (p <0.01). According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that application of P-fertilizers should be based on the soil test results and using rock phosphate and simple superphosphate should become a priority, we have to select P-fertilizers which has the lowest Cd concentration, and to take care of controlling the quality of imported P-fertilizers especially their Cd content.","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":"96 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87692148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1103
Hodaei A, W. S., Çakır B
Plants, as sessile living organisms, are dependent on signalling mechanisms. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a highly conserved gene family that take a role in switching an extracellular signal into an intercellular signal. Ripening-related processes in non-climacteric fruits are not as well understood as in climacteric fruits. In this regard, studying MAPKs in grape berries during developmental stages may lead to a better understanding of physiological interactions during commercially relevant stages, such as pigmentation, ripening, and phenolics accumulation in the berries. Each MAPK cascade involves three or four MAPK proteins that facilitate signal transduction by phosphorylation of downstream targets. We examined the relative expression of VvMAP2Ks and VvMAP4Ks in berries at two-weekly intervals, from flowering to over-ripening. Expression analysis of 5 MAP2Ks and 7 MAP4Ks suggested that both gene families may play an active role in development of berries. Expression of VvMAP2K1 showed a correlation with abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene accumulation. Moreover, the expression pattern of VvMAP2K2 and VvMAP2K3 shows a correlation with auxin, and ABA accumulation respectively. Furthermore, VvMAP2K4 may have a role in berry size increment and halting stomatal development. In addition, VvMAP2K5 may play a role in floral organ development. VvMAP4Ks expression pattern moves them forward to be excellent markers for monitoring the effect of for instance climate changerelated stress on berry development.
{"title":"Expression Analysis of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) Gene Family in Grapevine Berries","authors":"Hodaei A, W. S., Çakır B","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1103","url":null,"abstract":"Plants, as sessile living organisms, are dependent on signalling mechanisms. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a highly conserved gene family that take a role in switching an extracellular signal into an intercellular signal. Ripening-related processes in non-climacteric fruits are not as well understood as in climacteric fruits. In this regard, studying MAPKs in grape berries during developmental stages may lead to a better understanding of physiological interactions during commercially relevant stages, such as pigmentation, ripening, and phenolics accumulation in the berries. Each MAPK cascade involves three or four MAPK proteins that facilitate signal transduction by phosphorylation of downstream targets. We examined the relative expression of VvMAP2Ks and VvMAP4Ks in berries at two-weekly intervals, from flowering to over-ripening. Expression analysis of 5 MAP2Ks and 7 MAP4Ks suggested that both gene families may play an active role in development of berries. Expression of VvMAP2K1 showed a correlation with abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene accumulation. Moreover, the expression pattern of VvMAP2K2 and VvMAP2K3 shows a correlation with auxin, and ABA accumulation respectively. Furthermore, VvMAP2K4 may have a role in berry size increment and halting stomatal development. In addition, VvMAP2K5 may play a role in floral organ development. VvMAP4Ks expression pattern moves them forward to be excellent markers for monitoring the effect of for instance climate changerelated stress on berry development.","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":"01 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85963714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-07DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1102
L. D., Z. W, L. K, Tian X, Y. G, Y. T.
Artificial Insemination (AI) has been widely used in pig reproduction because of its low price and high efficiency. Cryopreservation of sperm not only leads to a sharp decline in sperm motility, but had high price in pig reproduction. Therefore, most of farms stored pig sperm at 17°C. During the preservation of sperm, the accumulation of Reactive Oxygen (ROS) is the main reason for the decline of sperm motility. The aim of our study was to reduce the accumulation of ROS and improve sperm quality by adding oleuropein (OLE, CAS No. 32619- 42-4) during the storage. The sperm samples were collected and diluted with different concentrations of oleuropein (0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 μmol/L). Sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, sperm Total Antioxidant Capacity (T-AOC), Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, Catalase (CAT) activity and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) content of boar sperm were measured. The results suggested that adding 36μM of OLE samples significantly improved sperm quality during preservation at 17o C.
人工授精技术以其价格低廉、效率高的特点在猪的繁殖中得到了广泛的应用。精子低温保存不仅会导致精子活力急剧下降，而且在猪的繁殖中代价高昂。因此，大多数农场将猪精子储存在17°C。在精子保存过程中，活性氧(Reactive Oxygen, ROS)的积累是精子活力下降的主要原因。我们的研究目的是通过在储存过程中添加橄榄苦苷(OLE, CAS No. 32619- 42-4)来减少ROS的积累，提高精子质量。采集精子样品，分别用不同浓度的橄榄苦苷(0、12、24、36、48、60 μmol/L)稀释。测定猪精子活力、质膜完整性、顶体完整性、精子总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和活性氧(ROS)含量。结果表明，添加36μM的OLE样品可显著提高精子在170℃保存期间的质量。
{"title":"Oleuropein Effectively Improves the Quality of Pig Sperm at 17o C","authors":"L. D., Z. W, L. K, Tian X, Y. G, Y. T.","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1102","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Insemination (AI) has been widely used in pig reproduction because of its low price and high efficiency. Cryopreservation of sperm not only leads to a sharp decline in sperm motility, but had high price in pig reproduction. Therefore, most of farms stored pig sperm at 17°C. During the preservation of sperm, the accumulation of Reactive Oxygen (ROS) is the main reason for the decline of sperm motility. The aim of our study was to reduce the accumulation of ROS and improve sperm quality by adding oleuropein (OLE, CAS No. 32619- 42-4) during the storage. The sperm samples were collected and diluted with different concentrations of oleuropein (0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 μmol/L). Sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, sperm Total Antioxidant Capacity (T-AOC), Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, Catalase (CAT) activity and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) content of boar sperm were measured. The results suggested that adding 36μM of OLE samples significantly improved sperm quality during preservation at 17o C.","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88445672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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