Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1100
Samad A, A. A, Mehtab U, Ur Rehman Ali Khera H, Rehman A, H. M
Avian Infectious bronchitis (IB) is profoundly one of the main diseases associated with respiratory syndrome in domestic poultry causing significant economic losses to poultry production. Avian Infectious Bronchitis (IB) has a place with Coronaviridae family, which causes respiratory illness, diminished creation of flying creatures, nephrotic Syndrome, and unsalvageable harm to oviduct, which can cause the crenation of anomalous eggs. Inoculation programs currently are pointless because of the outrageous hereditary varieties of IBV. Consequently, an exact and fast serotype assurance is a significant factor in controlling IBV. Compelling analytic instruments are likewise expected to analyze IB diseases in the field and to distinguish diverse serotypes and variations. Ideal administration for forestalling IB in flying creatures incorporates ideal inoculation with live or inactivated Vaccines containing flowing strains and severe disconnection of the contaminated fowls. Great administration and sterile practices in poultry units can handle the spread of IB among groups by and large. The idea of DNA vaccination with spike protein quality has altered the idea of IB immune prophylaxis as it has been found to evoke an adequate invulnerable reaction. Atomic science-based identification and control procedures must be created alongside the up degree of customary strategies to handle the developing danger presented by this microorganism the sickness can be adequately controlled in the years.
{"title":"Infectious Bronchitis Disease in Poultry its Diagnosis, Prevention and Control Strategies","authors":"Samad A, A. A, Mehtab U, Ur Rehman Ali Khera H, Rehman A, H. M","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1100","url":null,"abstract":"Avian Infectious bronchitis (IB) is profoundly one of the main diseases associated with respiratory syndrome in domestic poultry causing significant economic losses to poultry production. Avian Infectious Bronchitis (IB) has a place with Coronaviridae family, which causes respiratory illness, diminished creation of flying creatures, nephrotic Syndrome, and unsalvageable harm to oviduct, which can cause the crenation of anomalous eggs. Inoculation programs currently are pointless because of the outrageous hereditary varieties of IBV. Consequently, an exact and fast serotype assurance is a significant factor in controlling IBV. Compelling analytic instruments are likewise expected to analyze IB diseases in the field and to distinguish diverse serotypes and variations. Ideal administration for forestalling IB in flying creatures incorporates ideal inoculation with live or inactivated Vaccines containing flowing strains and severe disconnection of the contaminated fowls. Great administration and sterile practices in poultry units can handle the spread of IB among groups by and large. The idea of DNA vaccination with spike protein quality has altered the idea of IB immune prophylaxis as it has been found to evoke an adequate invulnerable reaction. Atomic science-based identification and control procedures must be created alongside the up degree of customary strategies to handle the developing danger presented by this microorganism the sickness can be adequately controlled in the years.","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90037028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-19DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1099
Pang W.S., Wu K-K, Rajendran M, L. W.C., W. C.
Manganese (Mn) is ubiquitous in the environment due to both geological and human activities. It is essential for plants, as for most other living organisms, but can also be toxic when it is present in excess. Some plant species, referred to as Mn hyperaccumulators, can accumulate over 10000μg/g of Mn in their shoot tissues without showing any phytotoxicity. Approximately 24 Mn hyperaccumulators are currently known worldwide. However, ample data is available the Mn hyperaccumulator species and biological significance of Mn hyperaccumulation and tolerance mechanisms. To give new insights, this review highlights the current knowledge of Mn hyperaccumulation and tolerance mechanisms in hyperaccumulators, which include root uptake, xylem loading, transport, sequestration, and detoxification processes. Hyperaccumulators uptake Mn mainly accumulates as Mn2+ into the xylem, from which it is then transferred to the shoots. Foliar Mn2+ is mainly stored in vacuoles, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi. It is sequestered by organic ligands and some transporter proteins at a subcellular level in the root and shoot, which can allow the plants to exhibit great tolerance. From the in-depth examine the published literature; the main knowledge gap and future research are highlighted. In addition, Mn hyperaccumulator biomass disposal methods and applications also discussed.
{"title":"Manganese Hyperaccumulators and their Hyperaccumulating and Tolerance Mechanisms: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge","authors":"Pang W.S., Wu K-K, Rajendran M, L. W.C., W. C.","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1099","url":null,"abstract":"Manganese (Mn) is ubiquitous in the environment due to both geological and human activities. It is essential for plants, as for most other living organisms, but can also be toxic when it is present in excess. Some plant species, referred to as Mn hyperaccumulators, can accumulate over 10000μg/g of Mn in their shoot tissues without showing any phytotoxicity. Approximately 24 Mn hyperaccumulators are currently known worldwide. However, ample data is available the Mn hyperaccumulator species and biological significance of Mn hyperaccumulation and tolerance mechanisms. To give new insights, this review highlights the current knowledge of Mn hyperaccumulation and tolerance mechanisms in hyperaccumulators, which include root uptake, xylem loading, transport, sequestration, and detoxification processes. Hyperaccumulators uptake Mn mainly accumulates as Mn2+ into the xylem, from which it is then transferred to the shoots. Foliar Mn2+ is mainly stored in vacuoles, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi. It is sequestered by organic ligands and some transporter proteins at a subcellular level in the root and shoot, which can allow the plants to exhibit great tolerance. From the in-depth examine the published literature; the main knowledge gap and future research are highlighted. In addition, Mn hyperaccumulator biomass disposal methods and applications also discussed.","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78485714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-15DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1098
Zouabi O, Bouhlila Ds
Weather conditions have not been considered up to date as a factor that contributes to drop out of school in Tunisia. The latter is mainly attributed to poverty, socioeconomic status of students and to a lack of educational infrastructure. This paper is an attempt to introduce geography in explaining dropout in Tunisia. We apply spatial econometric models to show that there is a high degree of spatial clustering in dropout of school. We conclude that students in the north-west region of Tunisia are those who are the most vulnerable to weather conditions and to climate change.
{"title":"Regional Students’ Vulnerability to Climate in Tunisia: A Spatial Analysis","authors":"Zouabi O, Bouhlila Ds","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1098","url":null,"abstract":"Weather conditions have not been considered up to date as a factor that contributes to drop out of school in Tunisia. The latter is mainly attributed to poverty, socioeconomic status of students and to a lack of educational infrastructure. This paper is an attempt to introduce geography in explaining dropout in Tunisia. We apply spatial econometric models to show that there is a high degree of spatial clustering in dropout of school. We conclude that students in the north-west region of Tunisia are those who are the most vulnerable to weather conditions and to climate change.","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91309093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-13DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1097
K. N, Patel Pb, Chaudhary S, Sharma Pn
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) is posing a great threat to capsicum cultivation worldwide. Based on the ability of PMMoV in overcoming L mediated resistance in Capsicum spp., it has been categorized in to five pathotypes. The information of pathotype is crucial in framing sustainable management practices. The surveys conducted in seven districts of Himachal Pradesh (H.P) during 2016 and 2017 revealed maximum incidence of PMMoV in Kullu (88.89%) district followed by Mandi (78.57%) after confirmation through DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR. A total 16 isolates were selected for their pathotype characterization by deducing their Amino Acid (aa) sequence and their pathogenicity on differential capsicum cultivars carrying L1, L2, L+, L3 and L4 genes. None of the test isolates produced visible symptoms on differential cultivarsPI-159236 and PI-260429 carrying L3 and L4 genes, respectively. The aa sequences of all test isolates except PMMoV-16.6, 16.10 and PMMoV-17.1 were 100% similar to the P12 pathotypes available at NCBI database. Additionally, the 3-D structure of PMMoV-16.6, 16.10 and 17.1 isolates constructed using SWISSMODEL affirmed the presence of mutations in the short and long hairpin loops of viral CP corresponding to the inner surface and thus do not contribute to the elicitor activity of CP. Thus, all the present isolates were characterized as P12 pathotype. The full genome sequences of three isolates viz., PMMoV-16.7 (MN496153), 16.9 (MN496154) and 17.3 (MN734123) determined in the present study revealed their maximum similarity with PMMoV-HP1 (P12, KJ631123.1) and a Japanese isolate (P12, AB000709.2) and least with a Korean isolate (LC082100.1). The full genome-based recombination analysis did not show any significant recombination event.
{"title":"Molecular Characterization and Population Structure Analysis of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus Infecting Capsicum in Himachal Pradesh, India","authors":"K. N, Patel Pb, Chaudhary S, Sharma Pn","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1097","url":null,"abstract":"Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) is posing a great threat to capsicum cultivation worldwide. Based on the ability of PMMoV in overcoming L mediated resistance in Capsicum spp., it has been categorized in to five pathotypes. The information of pathotype is crucial in framing sustainable management practices. The surveys conducted in seven districts of Himachal Pradesh (H.P) during 2016 and 2017 revealed maximum incidence of PMMoV in Kullu (88.89%) district followed by Mandi (78.57%) after confirmation through DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR. A total 16 isolates were selected for their pathotype characterization by deducing their Amino Acid (aa) sequence and their pathogenicity on differential capsicum cultivars carrying L1, L2, L+, L3 and L4 genes. None of the test isolates produced visible symptoms on differential cultivarsPI-159236 and PI-260429 carrying L3 and L4 genes, respectively. The aa sequences of all test isolates except PMMoV-16.6, 16.10 and PMMoV-17.1 were 100% similar to the P12 pathotypes available at NCBI database. Additionally, the 3-D structure of PMMoV-16.6, 16.10 and 17.1 isolates constructed using SWISSMODEL affirmed the presence of mutations in the short and long hairpin loops of viral CP corresponding to the inner surface and thus do not contribute to the elicitor activity of CP. Thus, all the present isolates were characterized as P12 pathotype. The full genome sequences of three isolates viz., PMMoV-16.7 (MN496153), 16.9 (MN496154) and 17.3 (MN734123) determined in the present study revealed their maximum similarity with PMMoV-HP1 (P12, KJ631123.1) and a Japanese isolate (P12, AB000709.2) and least with a Korean isolate (LC082100.1). The full genome-based recombination analysis did not show any significant recombination event.","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87455442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-06DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1096
Allito Bb, Geda Cg
Vertisols are suited to dry-land crop production in semi-arid environments since the residual moisture in the soil can support crop growth after the end of the rainy season. However, traditional cropping systems seldom utilize residual moisture of Vertisols for crop production. Farmers need suitable crop species to sustain and enhance their production under such soil and climatic conditions. Chickpea is the strategic crop well adapted to Vertisols and derives most of its water requirements from the residual soil moisture. Yet, different chickpea varieties found to adapt and produce different yields at different locations. The experiments were conducted for two consecutive years (2016 and 2017) on farmers training centers in two districts of Southern Ethiopia. Six released varieties; Arerti, Habru, Yelibe, Naatolii, Fetenech, Kutaye and a Local check were used for the experiment. The trials were laid in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Data were collected on phenological traits, growth and yield attributes, and grain yield. The results showed that there was significant variation among the tested chickpea varieties in all the agronomic traits recorded. Varieties Arerti and Habru revealed superiority in grain yield, pod setting, hundred seed weight and biomass over the Local check across locations. Based on yielding performance and farmers’ preference, varieties Arerti and Habru are recommended for production in the selected districts and similar agro-ecologies in southern Ethiopia.
{"title":"Evaluation of Chickpea Varieties Growing on Residual Moisture of Vertisols in Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Allito Bb, Geda Cg","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1096","url":null,"abstract":"Vertisols are suited to dry-land crop production in semi-arid environments since the residual moisture in the soil can support crop growth after the end of the rainy season. However, traditional cropping systems seldom utilize residual moisture of Vertisols for crop production. Farmers need suitable crop species to sustain and enhance their production under such soil and climatic conditions. Chickpea is the strategic crop well adapted to Vertisols and derives most of its water requirements from the residual soil moisture. Yet, different chickpea varieties found to adapt and produce different yields at different locations. The experiments were conducted for two consecutive years (2016 and 2017) on farmers training centers in two districts of Southern Ethiopia. Six released varieties; Arerti, Habru, Yelibe, Naatolii, Fetenech, Kutaye and a Local check were used for the experiment. The trials were laid in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Data were collected on phenological traits, growth and yield attributes, and grain yield. The results showed that there was significant variation among the tested chickpea varieties in all the agronomic traits recorded. Varieties Arerti and Habru revealed superiority in grain yield, pod setting, hundred seed weight and biomass over the Local check across locations. Based on yielding performance and farmers’ preference, varieties Arerti and Habru are recommended for production in the selected districts and similar agro-ecologies in southern Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74899851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-05DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1095
Liqin Lh, J. W., D. M., Min Li, Xiaoguang Y, L. Y.
The study aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition and the efficacy of phytase transgenic corn. Ten-month old castrated Bama boars and replicated a 6×6 Latin square design were used to evaluate the effect of phytase on utilization of calcium of phosphorus. Six-dietary treatments included: Phosphorus adequate control diet (PC), PTC0 (low-phosphorus diet), PTC500 (lowphosphorus diet with 500 FTU phytase/kg in PTC), PTC1000 (low-phosphorus diet with 1000 FTU phytase/kg in PTC), PTC5000 (low-phosphorus diet with 5000 FTU phytase/kg in PTC), microbe500 (low-phosphorus diet with 500 FTU phytase/kg from Aspergillus Niger). Contents of the proximate components, minerals, vitamins and amino acid of PTC did not differ from CC. The PTC has lower concentrations of phytate phosphorus than CC, the apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus of the PTC0 group is lower (p<0.05). No obvious dose-dependent relationship about the apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus showed among PTC500, PTC1000 and PTC5000. Therefore, the nutritional compositions of PTC had substantial equivalence to that of control corn except for phytate phosphorus concentrations, the PTC addition can improve the apparent digestibility of phosphorus and calcium and reduce the excrement of inorganic phosphorus, PTC might be an economically efficient way to decrease environment pollutions.
{"title":"Effect of Phytase Transgenic Corn Supplemented in Feed Diets on the Utilization of Calcium and Phosphorus in Bama Boars","authors":"Liqin Lh, J. W., D. M., Min Li, Xiaoguang Y, L. Y.","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1095","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition and the efficacy of phytase transgenic corn. Ten-month old castrated Bama boars and replicated a 6×6 Latin square design were used to evaluate the effect of phytase on utilization of calcium of phosphorus. Six-dietary treatments included: Phosphorus adequate control diet (PC), PTC0 (low-phosphorus diet), PTC500 (lowphosphorus diet with 500 FTU phytase/kg in PTC), PTC1000 (low-phosphorus diet with 1000 FTU phytase/kg in PTC), PTC5000 (low-phosphorus diet with 5000 FTU phytase/kg in PTC), microbe500 (low-phosphorus diet with 500 FTU phytase/kg from Aspergillus Niger). Contents of the proximate components, minerals, vitamins and amino acid of PTC did not differ from CC. The PTC has lower concentrations of phytate phosphorus than CC, the apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus of the PTC0 group is lower (p<0.05). No obvious dose-dependent relationship about the apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus showed among PTC500, PTC1000 and PTC5000. Therefore, the nutritional compositions of PTC had substantial equivalence to that of control corn except for phytate phosphorus concentrations, the PTC addition can improve the apparent digestibility of phosphorus and calcium and reduce the excrement of inorganic phosphorus, PTC might be an economically efficient way to decrease environment pollutions.","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88792261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-09DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1094
Pignattelli S, B. A., R. M
Aim: Plastics, and acid rain, are the results of the anthropogenic activities; although, the injuries caused by acidic precipitation to plants are well known, what happen if acid rain is coupled with microplastics pollution? Methods: In this experiment, we simulated, under controlled condition, a contaminated area from four different kinds of Microplastics (MPs): Polyethylene (PE), Polyvinylchloride (PVC), commercial mixture (PE + PVC) and Polypropylene (PP) subjected to acidic precipitation on Lepidium sativum, both in short then long exposures. At the end of experimentation were analysed: i) plant biometrical parameters (percentage inhibition of seed germination, plant height, leaf number and fresh biomass productions); and ii) oxidative stress (e.g., levels of hydrogen peroxide, glutathione, and ascorbic acid). On plant subjected to long exposure are quantified also: lipidic peroxidation through Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, Aminolevulinic Acid (AlA), pigments (Chl-a, Chl-b, carotenoids) and soluble sugars. Results: Our results suggest that root system is more sensitive to MPs coupled with acid rain then above ground biomass. Furthermore, in short exposure toxicity begin with PE+ treatments to shift towards PVC+ toxicity in long exposure at radical level. Conclusion: Our experiment demonstrates that different kinds of microplastics supplied with acid rain are able to interfere in different ways both in short and in long exposure, but also at shoot and root levels, on garden cress.
{"title":"Stress Effect Induced by Microplastics Coupled with Acid Rain, on Garden Cress, During Short and Long Time: Two Exposures in Comparison","authors":"Pignattelli S, B. A., R. M","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1094","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Plastics, and acid rain, are the results of the anthropogenic activities; although, the injuries caused by acidic precipitation to plants are well known, what happen if acid rain is coupled with microplastics pollution? Methods: In this experiment, we simulated, under controlled condition, a contaminated area from four different kinds of Microplastics (MPs): Polyethylene (PE), Polyvinylchloride (PVC), commercial mixture (PE + PVC) and Polypropylene (PP) subjected to acidic precipitation on Lepidium sativum, both in short then long exposures. At the end of experimentation were analysed: i) plant biometrical parameters (percentage inhibition of seed germination, plant height, leaf number and fresh biomass productions); and ii) oxidative stress (e.g., levels of hydrogen peroxide, glutathione, and ascorbic acid). On plant subjected to long exposure are quantified also: lipidic peroxidation through Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, Aminolevulinic Acid (AlA), pigments (Chl-a, Chl-b, carotenoids) and soluble sugars. Results: Our results suggest that root system is more sensitive to MPs coupled with acid rain then above ground biomass. Furthermore, in short exposure toxicity begin with PE+ treatments to shift towards PVC+ toxicity in long exposure at radical level. Conclusion: Our experiment demonstrates that different kinds of microplastics supplied with acid rain are able to interfere in different ways both in short and in long exposure, but also at shoot and root levels, on garden cress.","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75021747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-04DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1093
R. B, A. P, A. P., B. G., Babu Bk
A study was conducted from March to August 2020 to evaluate the effectiveness of different fungicides for the management of rhizome rot disease in ginger. The field experiment was conducted under Randomized Complete Block Design with four replication and five treatments; Carbendazim 50% WP @ 1gm/litre + Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5gm/litre, Metalaxyl 8% WP + Mancozeb 64% WP @ 2gm/litre, Carbendazim 50% WP @ 1gm/litre, Trichoderma viride @ 5gm/litre and control. The height of pseudo stems, leaf number, germination percentage, tiller number, disease incidence, disease severity and percentage of disease control was recorded during field experiment. There was no significant effect of pre sowing rhizome treatment in height of pseudostems, leaf number and germination percentage. The highest tiller number (3.40) was found with Carbendazim 50% WP @1gm/litre + Mancozeb 75% @ 2.5gm/ litre treatment and lowest tillers number (2.95) was found with control. The highest disease incidence (34.37) and severity (30.03) was found in control plot whereas the lowest disease incidence (2.58) and disease severity (2.46) was found with Carbendazim 50% @ 1gm/litre treatment + Mancozeb 75% @ 2.5gm/litre. Similarly, the highest percentage disease control (85.61) was found with Carbendazim 50% @ 1gm/litre + Mancozeb 75% @ 2.5gm/litre treated rhizome and the lowest (54.14) was found with Trichoderma viride @ 5gm/litre treatment. Therefore, seed treatment with Carbendazim 50%WP @ 1gm/litre + Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5 gm/litre is found effective among other fungicides in Bagchaur-3, Salyan and is recommended for enhancing tiller and reducing rhizome rot disease incidence and severity in ginger.
{"title":"Efficacy of Different Fungicides Against Rhizome Rot Disease of Ginger Under Farmer Field Condition in Salyan, Nepal","authors":"R. B, A. P, A. P., B. G., Babu Bk","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1093","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted from March to August 2020 to evaluate the effectiveness of different fungicides for the management of rhizome rot disease in ginger. The field experiment was conducted under Randomized Complete Block Design with four replication and five treatments; Carbendazim 50% WP @ 1gm/litre + Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5gm/litre, Metalaxyl 8% WP + Mancozeb 64% WP @ 2gm/litre, Carbendazim 50% WP @ 1gm/litre, Trichoderma viride @ 5gm/litre and control. The height of pseudo stems, leaf number, germination percentage, tiller number, disease incidence, disease severity and percentage of disease control was recorded during field experiment. There was no significant effect of pre sowing rhizome treatment in height of pseudostems, leaf number and germination percentage. The highest tiller number (3.40) was found with Carbendazim 50% WP @1gm/litre + Mancozeb 75% @ 2.5gm/ litre treatment and lowest tillers number (2.95) was found with control. The highest disease incidence (34.37) and severity (30.03) was found in control plot whereas the lowest disease incidence (2.58) and disease severity (2.46) was found with Carbendazim 50% @ 1gm/litre treatment + Mancozeb 75% @ 2.5gm/litre. Similarly, the highest percentage disease control (85.61) was found with Carbendazim 50% @ 1gm/litre + Mancozeb 75% @ 2.5gm/litre treated rhizome and the lowest (54.14) was found with Trichoderma viride @ 5gm/litre treatment. Therefore, seed treatment with Carbendazim 50%WP @ 1gm/litre + Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5 gm/litre is found effective among other fungicides in Bagchaur-3, Salyan and is recommended for enhancing tiller and reducing rhizome rot disease incidence and severity in ginger.","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73065277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1092
Braga Bv, Garcia Js, Simões Ro, Silva Jsp, Castro Ls, S. Ch, Maldonado Júnior A
Helminth infection associated with exposure to pesticides has received little attention regarding its effect on the human population and on farm and wild animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects a glyphosate-based herbicide on the hepatic and glycemic metabolism of Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) infected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Experimental groups were orally infected with 50 L3 larvae of A. cantonensis and exposed to the herbicide after and before the infection. Biochemical serum analyses were carried out to determine the levels of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Total Bilirubin (TB), total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, glucose and hepatic glycogen. All exposed groups showed an increase in the concentration of glycogen, AST, ALT and TB, the last ones suggesting liver tissue damage. Exposure to the herbicide caused hyperalbuminemia as an antioxidant response to the herbicide. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how glyphosate-based herbicides can change the hepatic metabolism the vertebrate and to influence the parasite-host relationship.
{"title":"Changes in Hepatic Metabolism of Rattus norvegicus Infected to Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda) and Exposed to Glyphosate-Based Herbicide","authors":"Braga Bv, Garcia Js, Simões Ro, Silva Jsp, Castro Ls, S. Ch, Maldonado Júnior A","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1092","url":null,"abstract":"Helminth infection associated with exposure to pesticides has received little attention regarding its effect on the human population and on farm and wild animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects a glyphosate-based herbicide on the hepatic and glycemic metabolism of Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) infected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Experimental groups were orally infected with 50 L3 larvae of A. cantonensis and exposed to the herbicide after and before the infection. Biochemical serum analyses were carried out to determine the levels of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Total Bilirubin (TB), total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, glucose and hepatic glycogen. All exposed groups showed an increase in the concentration of glycogen, AST, ALT and TB, the last ones suggesting liver tissue damage. Exposure to the herbicide caused hyperalbuminemia as an antioxidant response to the herbicide. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how glyphosate-based herbicides can change the hepatic metabolism the vertebrate and to influence the parasite-host relationship.","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89019074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1091
S. S., D. R., S. M
Taking into account of using the fish industry wastes and for expanding the incentive to a few under used fish species, protein hydrolysates from fish proteins are being set up by a few specialists everywhere throughout the world. Fish Protein Hydrolysates (FPH) are breakdown results of enzymatic transformation of fish proteins into smaller units like peptides, which typically contain 2-20 amino acids. Their worth has been expanded by utilizing them as fluid bio compost, feed supplement and bioorganic fertilizer. From the research carried out at our laboratory, Dry fish silver belly with both microbe and enzyme acquired from cultural broth of lactobacillus species, catalyst papain demonstrated positive upgrade of development and advancement of plants tested. In view of the yield of FPH concentrates from both microbial and enzymatic hydrolysis, the pace of seedling life list in Urad dhal, green gram and okra got higher in 0.1-0.5% convergence of dry fish hydrolysate from lactobacillus treated than in the control variation. With respect to the seeds of urad dhal, green gram and okra, the germination rate and seedling energy list from treated seeds surpassed control by 19.11-128.71%. The positive effect of dry fish protein hydrolysate by microbial procedure on germination rate, seedling life record rate in 3 kinds of seeds is the reason for the improvement of protein hydrolysate item for application in crop creation utilizing dry fish squanders. The Seedling grown in 0.5% concentration of fish hydrolysates showed significant increase in seedling vigour index of Urad dhal (13.29 ± 0.12 %), Green gram (14.1 ± 0.17%) and Okra (5.39 ± 0.43 %) was recorded through one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). By HPLC determination amino acid results determined that protein hydrolysates process can be stopped on 7th day (643.56ppm) whereas @ 10th day amino acid decreased (326.24ppm). Results suggest that probiotic assumes a superior job in dry fish protein hydrolysates than compounds when contrasted and yield and prudent astute.
{"title":"Agricultural Bio-Stimulant Activity of Fish Protein Hydrolysate from Common Silver Belly (Gerres subfasciatus)","authors":"S. S., D. R., S. M","doi":"10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1091","url":null,"abstract":"Taking into account of using the fish industry wastes and for expanding the incentive to a few under used fish species, protein hydrolysates from fish proteins are being set up by a few specialists everywhere throughout the world. Fish Protein Hydrolysates (FPH) are breakdown results of enzymatic transformation of fish proteins into smaller units like peptides, which typically contain 2-20 amino acids. Their worth has been expanded by utilizing them as fluid bio compost, feed supplement and bioorganic fertilizer. From the research carried out at our laboratory, Dry fish silver belly with both microbe and enzyme acquired from cultural broth of lactobacillus species, catalyst papain demonstrated positive upgrade of development and advancement of plants tested. In view of the yield of FPH concentrates from both microbial and enzymatic hydrolysis, the pace of seedling life list in Urad dhal, green gram and okra got higher in 0.1-0.5% convergence of dry fish hydrolysate from lactobacillus treated than in the control variation. With respect to the seeds of urad dhal, green gram and okra, the germination rate and seedling energy list from treated seeds surpassed control by 19.11-128.71%. The positive effect of dry fish protein hydrolysate by microbial procedure on germination rate, seedling life record rate in 3 kinds of seeds is the reason for the improvement of protein hydrolysate item for application in crop creation utilizing dry fish squanders. The Seedling grown in 0.5% concentration of fish hydrolysates showed significant increase in seedling vigour index of Urad dhal (13.29 ± 0.12 %), Green gram (14.1 ± 0.17%) and Okra (5.39 ± 0.43 %) was recorded through one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). By HPLC determination amino acid results determined that protein hydrolysates process can be stopped on 7th day (643.56ppm) whereas @ 10th day amino acid decreased (326.24ppm). Results suggest that probiotic assumes a superior job in dry fish protein hydrolysates than compounds when contrasted and yield and prudent astute.","PeriodicalId":8133,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86772075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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