Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.26832/24566632.2023.0804027
Rupak Kandel, Ishwari Prasad Kadariya, Kailash Bohara, Sonu Adhikari
For underdeveloped countries, molecular breeding (MB) has a lot of promise. However, the implementation in developing countries is far from uniform. Livestock improvement programs aim to improve the genetics of domesticated animal populations by selecting males and females who, when mated, will produce progeny that perform better than the current generation's average. The amount of genetic progress made through conventional selection and breeding methods for quantitative traits in livestock is successful, but limitations such as routinely recording phenotypes, animal sacrifice for meat quality traits, recording in particular sex for sex-limited traits, and so on the limit the amount of genetic progress made through conventional selection and breeding methods. Marker-assisted selection (MAS), genome-wide selection (GWS), marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS), and genome-wide sequencing (GS) are examples of modern breeding procedures. Molecular genetics technology may provide a technique to choose breeding animals at an early age (even embryos), to select for a wide variety of features and to improve the accuracy of forecasting an individual's mature phenotype. This paper examines the challenges and potential of applying molecular breeding techniques to improve livestock in developing countries.
{"title":"A review on molecular breeding techniques: Crucial approach in livestock improvement","authors":"Rupak Kandel, Ishwari Prasad Kadariya, Kailash Bohara, Sonu Adhikari","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2023.0804027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2023.0804027","url":null,"abstract":"For underdeveloped countries, molecular breeding (MB) has a lot of promise. However, the implementation in developing countries is far from uniform. Livestock improvement programs aim to improve the genetics of domesticated animal populations by selecting males and females who, when mated, will produce progeny that perform better than the current generation's average. The amount of genetic progress made through conventional selection and breeding methods for quantitative traits in livestock is successful, but limitations such as routinely recording phenotypes, animal sacrifice for meat quality traits, recording in particular sex for sex-limited traits, and so on the limit the amount of genetic progress made through conventional selection and breeding methods. Marker-assisted selection (MAS), genome-wide selection (GWS), marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS), and genome-wide sequencing (GS) are examples of modern breeding procedures. Molecular genetics technology may provide a technique to choose breeding animals at an early age (even embryos), to select for a wide variety of features and to improve the accuracy of forecasting an individual's mature phenotype. This paper examines the challenges and potential of applying molecular breeding techniques to improve livestock in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":"1 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.26832/24566632.2023.0804017
Selina Yesmine, Rabiul Awal, Anuradha Bhadra, Yahia Mahmud
Osteobrama cotio, commonly referred to as Dhela locally, is one of the most essential sources of nourishment for humans. The present study was conducted at the Freshwater Station of the Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute in Mymensingh to learn more regarding the sex ratio, length-weight relationship, condition factor, gonadosomatic index, and fecundity. Fish samples were taken monthly, and their total length and weight were measured and noted. Among the 310 samples of fish evaluated, 201 (64.85%) and 109 (35.15%) were found to be females and males, respectively (F: M= 1.88: 1). The chi-square test findings showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two sexes in the sex ratio study (χ2= 0.164, df= 1, p>0.05). It was shown that there was a substantial relationship (r2=0.76 for females, r2=0.96 for males, p<0.05) between fish fecundity and length. Positive allometric growth was observed in the length-weight relationships for both females and males (b=3.05 and 3.01, respectively; independent t-test; p<0.05). Throughout the study, the condition factor values for both sexes were more than 1, suggesting that both sexes are in excellent fitness (F=1.66 and M=1.67). Males and females showed GSI values ranging from 0.001 to 0.33 and 0.25 to 10.96, respectively. The gonadosomatic index scores for both sexes maximum in June while minimum in November. The range of fecundity was 297 to 6529; where June having the highest egg count, while November having the lowest.
{"title":"A comprehensive study on biological parameters of Osteobrama cotio (Hamilton, 1822): Conservation strategy","authors":"Selina Yesmine, Rabiul Awal, Anuradha Bhadra, Yahia Mahmud","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2023.0804017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2023.0804017","url":null,"abstract":"Osteobrama cotio, commonly referred to as Dhela locally, is one of the most essential sources of nourishment for humans. The present study was conducted at the Freshwater Station of the Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute in Mymensingh to learn more regarding the sex ratio, length-weight relationship, condition factor, gonadosomatic index, and fecundity. Fish samples were taken monthly, and their total length and weight were measured and noted. Among the 310 samples of fish evaluated, 201 (64.85%) and 109 (35.15%) were found to be females and males, respectively (F: M= 1.88: 1). The chi-square test findings showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two sexes in the sex ratio study (χ2= 0.164, df= 1, p>0.05). It was shown that there was a substantial relationship (r2=0.76 for females, r2=0.96 for males, p<0.05) between fish fecundity and length. Positive allometric growth was observed in the length-weight relationships for both females and males (b=3.05 and 3.01, respectively; independent t-test; p<0.05). Throughout the study, the condition factor values for both sexes were more than 1, suggesting that both sexes are in excellent fitness (F=1.66 and M=1.67). Males and females showed GSI values ranging from 0.001 to 0.33 and 0.25 to 10.96, respectively. The gonadosomatic index scores for both sexes maximum in June while minimum in November. The range of fecundity was 297 to 6529; where June having the highest egg count, while November having the lowest.","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.26832/24566632.2023.080403
N. Aktar, Md. Moniruzzaman, Shankar Kumar Raha, Md. Shishir Ahamed
The pickles are popular food item in Bangladesh. Different types and kinds of pickles are sold by the vendors in the roadside those are processed by themselves at their home. This study has been conducted to assess the value addition of homemade pickles. The four homemade pickles (mango pickle, tamarind prickle, jujube pickle and elephant apple pickle) were selected for this study. The study was conducted in Gulshan, Dhanmondi, Uttara and Mirpur of Dhaka in Bangladesh. This study was based on primary data. Primary data were collected through face-to-face interview method in the month of mid-September to mid-October 2019. Data were collected from 20 vendors (selected conveniently) and 60 consumers (selected purposively) of homemade pickles. Descriptive statistics (mainly mean, percentage) was used to analyze the data. Value additions of homemade pickles were calculated by deducting the cost of production from the selling price of pickle which can be found from the value addition tables. The study found that the vendor’s added value of Tk. 330.44 ($3.94) to one kg raw mango, Tk.293.32 ($3.49) to one kg tamarind, Tk.340.01 ($4.05) to one kg jujube and Tk.425.57 ($5.07)to one kg elephant apple by processing to make pickle if it is ignored the value addition of other ingredients. In percentage term, it was 182.67 to 448.90 according to pickles. So, this is a productive activity creating form utility for the consumers that can contribute to the economy of Bangladesh.
{"title":"Value addition of homemade pickles in selected areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"N. Aktar, Md. Moniruzzaman, Shankar Kumar Raha, Md. Shishir Ahamed","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2023.080403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2023.080403","url":null,"abstract":"The pickles are popular food item in Bangladesh. Different types and kinds of pickles are sold by the vendors in the roadside those are processed by themselves at their home. This study has been conducted to assess the value addition of homemade pickles. The four homemade pickles (mango pickle, tamarind prickle, jujube pickle and elephant apple pickle) were selected for this study. The study was conducted in Gulshan, Dhanmondi, Uttara and Mirpur of Dhaka in Bangladesh. This study was based on primary data. Primary data were collected through face-to-face interview method in the month of mid-September to mid-October 2019. Data were collected from 20 vendors (selected conveniently) and 60 consumers (selected purposively) of homemade pickles. Descriptive statistics (mainly mean, percentage) was used to analyze the data. Value additions of homemade pickles were calculated by deducting the cost of production from the selling price of pickle which can be found from the value addition tables. The study found that the vendor’s added value of Tk. 330.44 ($3.94) to one kg raw mango, Tk.293.32 ($3.49) to one kg tamarind, Tk.340.01 ($4.05) to one kg jujube and Tk.425.57 ($5.07)to one kg elephant apple by processing to make pickle if it is ignored the value addition of other ingredients. In percentage term, it was 182.67 to 448.90 according to pickles. So, this is a productive activity creating form utility for the consumers that can contribute to the economy of Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.26832/24566632.2023.0804024
Asmita Khanal, S. Timilsina, Neela Poudel, Susmita Khanal, T. B. Poon
Mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco) has been cultivated in 56 districts of Nepal. Huge losses in mandarin were reported and use of safer alternatives to synthetic chemicals to solve post-harvest losses is a matter of great concern. An experiment was conducted at the Directorate of Agricultural Research, Lumle for two consecutive years 2019 and 2020. Mandarin having similar maturity indices were harvested and transported to DoAR, Lumle. The fruits were treated with five different botanicals (garlic extract @ 10 %, ginger extract @ 10 %, aloe vera extract @ 10 %, neem extract @ 10 %, and control) allocated in randomized complete block design with four replications. The post-harvest study was conducted for 3 weeks under laboratory conditions (7.9 ± 3° C and RH 74 ± 4%). Different parameters such as physiological loss in weight (PLW), decay loss, total soluble solid (TSS), titrable acidity (TA) and fruit weight to juice ratio were recorded. Fruit treated with ginger extract @ 10 % recorded the minimum physiological loss in weight (6.31% and 5.15%), minimum decay loss (16 % and 17%) in the year 2019 and 2020, respectively. Highest TSS: TA ratio (13.54 and 12.79) and fruit weight to juice ratio (0.33 and 0.35) was also observed in fruit treated with ginger extract @ 10 % in both years. In both years, results obtained in the fruits treated with ginger extract was followed by fruit treated with aloe vera extract and garlic extract. Control treatment gave the poor result as compared to ginger extract @ 10 %. Thus, this study concluded that the use of ginger is suitable for postharvest treatment of mandarin fruit to increase its shelf life and maintain its quality parameters.
{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of different botanicals on prolonging shelf life and maintaining quality of mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco var. Banshkharka Local)","authors":"Asmita Khanal, S. Timilsina, Neela Poudel, Susmita Khanal, T. B. Poon","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2023.0804024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2023.0804024","url":null,"abstract":"Mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco) has been cultivated in 56 districts of Nepal. Huge losses in mandarin were reported and use of safer alternatives to synthetic chemicals to solve post-harvest losses is a matter of great concern. An experiment was conducted at the Directorate of Agricultural Research, Lumle for two consecutive years 2019 and 2020. Mandarin having similar maturity indices were harvested and transported to DoAR, Lumle. The fruits were treated with five different botanicals (garlic extract @ 10 %, ginger extract @ 10 %, aloe vera extract @ 10 %, neem extract @ 10 %, and control) allocated in randomized complete block design with four replications. The post-harvest study was conducted for 3 weeks under laboratory conditions (7.9 ± 3° C and RH 74 ± 4%). Different parameters such as physiological loss in weight (PLW), decay loss, total soluble solid (TSS), titrable acidity (TA) and fruit weight to juice ratio were recorded. Fruit treated with ginger extract @ 10 % recorded the minimum physiological loss in weight (6.31% and 5.15%), minimum decay loss (16 % and 17%) in the year 2019 and 2020, respectively. Highest TSS: TA ratio (13.54 and 12.79) and fruit weight to juice ratio (0.33 and 0.35) was also observed in fruit treated with ginger extract @ 10 % in both years. In both years, results obtained in the fruits treated with ginger extract was followed by fruit treated with aloe vera extract and garlic extract. Control treatment gave the poor result as compared to ginger extract @ 10 %. Thus, this study concluded that the use of ginger is suitable for postharvest treatment of mandarin fruit to increase its shelf life and maintain its quality parameters.","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":"11 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.26832/24566632.2023.0804020
B. Bastola, Upama Adhikari, Bishnu Prasad Poudel, Raj Kumar Yadav, Roshan Basnet, A. Poudel, R. Yadaw, Dipak Bhattarai
To explore high yielding genotype and significant yield contributing trait, field experiment was conducted using alpha lattice design replicated three times at the National Wheat Research Program (NWRP), Bhairahawa, Nepal in 2022. Eighteen fine rice genotypes were evaluated based on nine quantitative traits (Heading days, maturity days, plant height, panicle length, effective tillers, filled grains per panicle, unfilled grains per panicle, thousand grain weight and grain yield per hectare). Variance analysis, correlation and estimation of genetic parameters were conducted to comprehend genetic variations and interrelationships among traits within genotypes. The results showed most of traits except unfilled grains had statistical significance differences. Tarahara-107 (3940 kg/ha) had the highest grain yield followed by Tarahara-2 (3700 kg/ha) and NR 2381-RGA1-RGA2 (3665 kg/ha). Similarly, grain yield showed positive and significant association with filled grains at both phenotypic and genotypic level (rp = 0.7074 ** and rg= 0.9482 **). Elevated values of PCV and GCV were recorded for filled grains (22.05 and 17.57). The high value GAM coupled with high heritability was recorded for filled grains (28.83%), plant height (23.10%), number of effective tillers (21.57%) and thousand grain weight (19.37%). Thus, identified genotypes NR 2380-RGA1-RGA2 and NR 2381-RGA1-RGA2 exhibited early and potential high yielding genotypes while Tarhara-107 and Tarhara-2 identified as high yield, medium maturity and good filled grain number per panicle. In addition, filled grains trait displayed tightly linked with grain yield and possess high GCV, PCV, GAM with moderate heritability indicated direct selection could be employed for trait enhancement in breeding program.
{"title":"Genetic variation and trait association of fine rice genotypes","authors":"B. Bastola, Upama Adhikari, Bishnu Prasad Poudel, Raj Kumar Yadav, Roshan Basnet, A. Poudel, R. Yadaw, Dipak Bhattarai","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2023.0804020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2023.0804020","url":null,"abstract":"To explore high yielding genotype and significant yield contributing trait, field experiment was conducted using alpha lattice design replicated three times at the National Wheat Research Program (NWRP), Bhairahawa, Nepal in 2022. Eighteen fine rice genotypes were evaluated based on nine quantitative traits (Heading days, maturity days, plant height, panicle length, effective tillers, filled grains per panicle, unfilled grains per panicle, thousand grain weight and grain yield per hectare). Variance analysis, correlation and estimation of genetic parameters were conducted to comprehend genetic variations and interrelationships among traits within genotypes. The results showed most of traits except unfilled grains had statistical significance differences. Tarahara-107 (3940 kg/ha) had the highest grain yield followed by Tarahara-2 (3700 kg/ha) and NR 2381-RGA1-RGA2 (3665 kg/ha). Similarly, grain yield showed positive and significant association with filled grains at both phenotypic and genotypic level (rp = 0.7074 ** and rg= 0.9482 **). Elevated values of PCV and GCV were recorded for filled grains (22.05 and 17.57). The high value GAM coupled with high heritability was recorded for filled grains (28.83%), plant height (23.10%), number of effective tillers (21.57%) and thousand grain weight (19.37%). Thus, identified genotypes NR 2380-RGA1-RGA2 and NR 2381-RGA1-RGA2 exhibited early and potential high yielding genotypes while Tarhara-107 and Tarhara-2 identified as high yield, medium maturity and good filled grain number per panicle. In addition, filled grains trait displayed tightly linked with grain yield and possess high GCV, PCV, GAM with moderate heritability indicated direct selection could be employed for trait enhancement in breeding program.","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.26832/24566632.2023.0804018
Shristi Parajuli, P. Dhital
A field experiment was conducted from mid-April to mid-June 2022 in Rupandehi to evaluate the growth and yield of radish maintained in varied plant spacing at differed sowing dates. The study was aimed to compare the growth, production and economics of radish in Rupandehi district under different plant spacing and sowing dates and to evaluate the interaction between these two factors. Four plants spacing (10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm and 40 cm) with constant row spacing was maintained at two sowing dates (Chaitra 29 and Baisakh 14). The treatments were arranged in two factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The data were collected on 30 DAS and 45 DAS. The obtained data were recorded and analyzed using MS-Excel and R-studio, respectively. The results revealed that the highest yield was obtained from plant spacing of 20 cm (28.20 t/ha). However, individual plant weight was higher in wider spacing. Plant spacing of 20 cm showed significantly highest plant height (24.52 cm), number of leaves per plant (22.37) and leaf length (23.36 cm). Leaf blade width (10.67 cm) and petiole length (3.05 cm) was significantly highest in plant spacing of 30 cm. Early sowing date showed significantly better results for all growth and yield parameters and yield except leaf blade width. Higher gross return, net return and B:C ratio was observed in plant spacing of 20 cm and early sowing date. The study concluded that plant spacing of 20 cm and earlier sowing date was ideal for maximum growth and yield of radish in Rupandehi district.
{"title":"Effect of plant spacing and sowing dates on the growth and yield of radish (Raphanus sativus) in Rupandehi district, Nepal","authors":"Shristi Parajuli, P. Dhital","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2023.0804018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2023.0804018","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted from mid-April to mid-June 2022 in Rupandehi to evaluate the growth and yield of radish maintained in varied plant spacing at differed sowing dates. The study was aimed to compare the growth, production and economics of radish in Rupandehi district under different plant spacing and sowing dates and to evaluate the interaction between these two factors. Four plants spacing (10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm and 40 cm) with constant row spacing was maintained at two sowing dates (Chaitra 29 and Baisakh 14). The treatments were arranged in two factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The data were collected on 30 DAS and 45 DAS. The obtained data were recorded and analyzed using MS-Excel and R-studio, respectively. The results revealed that the highest yield was obtained from plant spacing of 20 cm (28.20 t/ha). However, individual plant weight was higher in wider spacing. Plant spacing of 20 cm showed significantly highest plant height (24.52 cm), number of leaves per plant (22.37) and leaf length (23.36 cm). Leaf blade width (10.67 cm) and petiole length (3.05 cm) was significantly highest in plant spacing of 30 cm. Early sowing date showed significantly better results for all growth and yield parameters and yield except leaf blade width. Higher gross return, net return and B:C ratio was observed in plant spacing of 20 cm and early sowing date. The study concluded that plant spacing of 20 cm and earlier sowing date was ideal for maximum growth and yield of radish in Rupandehi district.","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":"4 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.26832/24566632.2023.0804011
R.K. Sharma, Hari Singh
Data of two species of Herons were collected, during the annual census of major aquatic fauna in the National Chambal Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh, India, over a period of 23 monitoring seasons. The survey was conducted by direct visual observation method from 1985 to 2016. During the surveys all the relevant information about the current status of Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) and Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea) in different zone of the Chambal River was complied. A total of 5318 (Avg. 443.66±242.6) individuals of Grey Heron and 104 (Avg. 8.66±4.39) individuals of Purple Heron were sighted. The highest density of Grey Heron 22.32/km was observed in zone XI and Purple Heron 0.75/km in zone III. Similarly, the least density of Grey Heron 4.82/km was in zone I, VIII and that of Purple Heron 0.07/km was in zone X. The result of the present study indicates that Chambal River continues to be a good habitat for Heron population. The Heron shares similar habitat and similar level of anthropogenic pressure in the study area. This is the first attempt to document the population status and distribution of Heron in different habitat zone of the sanctuary.
在对印度中央邦国家尚巴尔保护区的主要水生动物进行年度普查期间，收集了两种鹭鸟的数据，历时 23 个监测季节。从 1985 年到 2016 年，普查采用了直接目视观察法。在调查过程中，我们收集了有关 Chambal 河不同区域灰鹭（Ardea cinerea）和紫鹭（Ardea purpurea）现状的所有相关信息。共发现灰鹭 5318 只（平均 443.66±242.6），紫鹭 104 只（平均 8.66±4.39）。灰鹭的最高密度出现在 XI 区，为 22.32 只/公里；紫鹭的最高密度出现在 III 区，为 0.75 只/公里。 同样，密度最小的灰鹭在 I 区和 VIII 区，为 4.82 只/公里；紫鹭在 X 区，为 0.07 只/公里。在研究区域内，苍鹭有着相似的栖息地和相似的人为压力水平。这是首次尝试记录苍鹭在保护区不同栖息地的种群状况和分布情况。
{"title":"Population trend of Grey and Purple Heron in National Chambal Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh, India","authors":"R.K. Sharma, Hari Singh","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2023.0804011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2023.0804011","url":null,"abstract":"Data of two species of Herons were collected, during the annual census of major aquatic fauna in the National Chambal Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh, India, over a period of 23 monitoring seasons. The survey was conducted by direct visual observation method from 1985 to 2016. During the surveys all the relevant information about the current status of Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) and Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea) in different zone of the Chambal River was complied. A total of 5318 (Avg. 443.66±242.6) individuals of Grey Heron and 104 (Avg. 8.66±4.39) individuals of Purple Heron were sighted. The highest density of Grey Heron 22.32/km was observed in zone XI and Purple Heron 0.75/km in zone III. Similarly, the least density of Grey Heron 4.82/km was in zone I, VIII and that of Purple Heron 0.07/km was in zone X. The result of the present study indicates that Chambal River continues to be a good habitat for Heron population. The Heron shares similar habitat and similar level of anthropogenic pressure in the study area. This is the first attempt to document the population status and distribution of Heron in different habitat zone of the sanctuary.","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted in the Bajhang district from February to July 2022. Its goals were to find the key actors in the potato value chain, assess their linkage, analyse marketing margins, determine the share of value-addition among each actor, evaluate the production cost, productivity, and profitability of producers, examine the producer’s share in consumer rupees, and conduct a SWOT analysis. The data collection process involved the random purposive sampling technique to select a total of 80 potato producers, 5 aggregators, 5 wholesalers, 10 retailers, 50 consumers, and 3 extension service providers. Findings revealed that, on average, potato cultivation covered 0.215 hectares (4.23 Ropani) with a productivity of 13.46 Mt/ha, which is lower than the national average. The production cost of the producer was NRs. 301,756.60/Ha (NRs. 15,356.57/Ropani) with a benefit-cost ratio of 1.37, and the producer’s share was 51.68%. The primary value chain actors included input suppliers, producers, aggregators, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers. Marketing margins for producers, aggregators, wholesalers, and retailers were NRs. 359.25/quintal, NRs. 965/quintal, NRs. 945/quintal, and NRs. 1170/quintal, respectively. Value addition by potato producers accounted for 10.45%, while aggregators, wholesalers, and retailers contributed 28.05%, 27.48%, and 34.02%, respectively. The SWOT analysis highlighted opportunities like favourable policies, subsidies, processing options, rising potato demand, and potential production area expansion. To boost the profitability of the potato industry, it is imperative to address challenges such as poor seed quality, diseases-pests, drought, short shelf life, soil degradation, and fertilizer and pesticide availability while strengthening the linkage of value chain actors.
{"title":"Value chain analysis of potato in Bajhang district, Nepal","authors":"Tirsana Khadka, Dipendra Chauhan, Anupam Tiwari, Bijay Regmi, Sagar Manandhar, Simran Dahal","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2023.080409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2023.080409","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in the Bajhang district from February to July 2022. Its goals were to find the key actors in the potato value chain, assess their linkage, analyse marketing margins, determine the share of value-addition among each actor, evaluate the production cost, productivity, and profitability of producers, examine the producer’s share in consumer rupees, and conduct a SWOT analysis. The data collection process involved the random purposive sampling technique to select a total of 80 potato producers, 5 aggregators, 5 wholesalers, 10 retailers, 50 consumers, and 3 extension service providers. Findings revealed that, on average, potato cultivation covered 0.215 hectares (4.23 Ropani) with a productivity of 13.46 Mt/ha, which is lower than the national average. The production cost of the producer was NRs. 301,756.60/Ha (NRs. 15,356.57/Ropani) with a benefit-cost ratio of 1.37, and the producer’s share was 51.68%. The primary value chain actors included input suppliers, producers, aggregators, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers. Marketing margins for producers, aggregators, wholesalers, and retailers were NRs. 359.25/quintal, NRs. 965/quintal, NRs. 945/quintal, and NRs. 1170/quintal, respectively. Value addition by potato producers accounted for 10.45%, while aggregators, wholesalers, and retailers contributed 28.05%, 27.48%, and 34.02%, respectively. The SWOT analysis highlighted opportunities like favourable policies, subsidies, processing options, rising potato demand, and potential production area expansion. To boost the profitability of the potato industry, it is imperative to address challenges such as poor seed quality, diseases-pests, drought, short shelf life, soil degradation, and fertilizer and pesticide availability while strengthening the linkage of value chain actors.","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.26832/24566632.2023.0804022
K. Khadka, Anupam Tiwari, Manju Yogi, Shiba Hari Dhakal, Ashok Rijal, Kedar Devkota
Potato is one of the major cash crops in Nepal but farmers can't maximize profits due to the low adoption of farm machinery and technology. There is insufficient research on agricultural mechanization and its effectiveness in the study area. Therefore, the goal of this study, which was carried out in the Dadeldhura district in 2022, was to assess the problem of farmers' potato cultivation yielding less profit than they might have due to a lack of agriculture equipment and technology adoption. Purposive and simple random sampling were used to select 90 respondents from four local bodies of the Dadeldhura district. Primary data were collected from a household survey with a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and Key Informant Interview (KII). Secondary data were collected from annual PMAMP, MoALD, FAO reports, etc. MS Excel and SPSS (26.0) were used to analyze and interpret the collected data. The study divided farmers into groups based on whether they used bullocks or mini-tillers, and it found that mechanical power was mostly used during land preparation and irrigation phases. Fragmented land and lack of capital were major constraints to promoting mechanization. The study showed that mini-tiller users had a greater B: C ratio than bullock users. Similarly, the average variable cost of production per hectare was substantially lower in mini-tiller users than in bullock users. The results underlined the financial viability of mechanized potato farming and stressed the necessity of removing barriers to automation and developing regulations to support small-scale mechanization. The study concluded that mechanization might be extended beyond the stages of irrigation and field preparation to further improve cost-effectiveness and increase the profitability of potato cultivation for farmers in the Dadeldhura district. Overall, the study emphasized the necessity of strategic interventions to encourage automation and enhance the profitability of potato farming in the area.
{"title":"Impact assessment of farm mechanization on potato production in Dadeldhura district, Nepal","authors":"K. Khadka, Anupam Tiwari, Manju Yogi, Shiba Hari Dhakal, Ashok Rijal, Kedar Devkota","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2023.0804022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2023.0804022","url":null,"abstract":"Potato is one of the major cash crops in Nepal but farmers can't maximize profits due to the low adoption of farm machinery and technology. There is insufficient research on agricultural mechanization and its effectiveness in the study area. Therefore, the goal of this study, which was carried out in the Dadeldhura district in 2022, was to assess the problem of farmers' potato cultivation yielding less profit than they might have due to a lack of agriculture equipment and technology adoption. Purposive and simple random sampling were used to select 90 respondents from four local bodies of the Dadeldhura district. Primary data were collected from a household survey with a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and Key Informant Interview (KII). Secondary data were collected from annual PMAMP, MoALD, FAO reports, etc. MS Excel and SPSS (26.0) were used to analyze and interpret the collected data. The study divided farmers into groups based on whether they used bullocks or mini-tillers, and it found that mechanical power was mostly used during land preparation and irrigation phases. Fragmented land and lack of capital were major constraints to promoting mechanization. The study showed that mini-tiller users had a greater B: C ratio than bullock users. Similarly, the average variable cost of production per hectare was substantially lower in mini-tiller users than in bullock users. The results underlined the financial viability of mechanized potato farming and stressed the necessity of removing barriers to automation and developing regulations to support small-scale mechanization. The study concluded that mechanization might be extended beyond the stages of irrigation and field preparation to further improve cost-effectiveness and increase the profitability of potato cultivation for farmers in the Dadeldhura district. Overall, the study emphasized the necessity of strategic interventions to encourage automation and enhance the profitability of potato farming in the area.","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A comprehensive study was undertaken in the Changunarayan Municipality of Bhaktapur District to conduct a thorough cost-benefit analysis, analyze production functions, and evaluate the various marketing channels and associated challenges of potato cultivation. total of 100 farmers were surveyed, and gathered data were, analyzed using Excel and SPSS software. Despite an average cost per hectare of potato cultivation reaching NRs 370,662.58, which is comparatively higher than in other regions, the productivity was notably greater at 22.021 Mt/ha, surpassing the national average of 16.73 Mt/ha. With a benefit-cost ratio of 1.68, potato production was found economically viable in the region. The production function analysis, conducted using the Cobb-Douglas Model, revealed noteworthy insights among the six variables examined. Fertilizers, machinery, plant protection measures, and micronutrients were identified as underutilized inputs, as indicated by a RUE value surpassing unity. Conversely, labor cost and various other factors exhibited negative associations with average returns. The study also revealed that potato production in the area exhibited an increasing Return to Scale (RTS) value of 1.619, indicating that a 1% increase in input expenditure would lead to a 1.619% increase in returns. Farmers primarily choose a marketing channel with three intermediaries, which results in a larger market margin but a smaller share for the producers. Among the five key marketing challenges reported by farmers, the influence of intermediaries stands out as the most significant issue. In conclusion, this study highlights the pressing need for efficient marketing channels and fair pricing systems to support potato farmers in the region.
{"title":"Analysis of economic, production, and marketing aspects of potato farming in Changunarayan Municipality of Bhaktapur, Nepal","authors":"Shimran Dahal, Bijay Regmi, H. Panta, Pratima Timalsina, Raj Chaudhary, Tirsana Khadka, Ajay Poudel","doi":"10.26832/24566632.2023.0804013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2023.0804013","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive study was undertaken in the Changunarayan Municipality of Bhaktapur District to conduct a thorough cost-benefit analysis, analyze production functions, and evaluate the various marketing channels and associated challenges of potato cultivation. total of 100 farmers were surveyed, and gathered data were, analyzed using Excel and SPSS software. Despite an average cost per hectare of potato cultivation reaching NRs 370,662.58, which is comparatively higher than in other regions, the productivity was notably greater at 22.021 Mt/ha, surpassing the national average of 16.73 Mt/ha. With a benefit-cost ratio of 1.68, potato production was found economically viable in the region. The production function analysis, conducted using the Cobb-Douglas Model, revealed noteworthy insights among the six variables examined. Fertilizers, machinery, plant protection measures, and micronutrients were identified as underutilized inputs, as indicated by a RUE value surpassing unity. Conversely, labor cost and various other factors exhibited negative associations with average returns. The study also revealed that potato production in the area exhibited an increasing Return to Scale (RTS) value of 1.619, indicating that a 1% increase in input expenditure would lead to a 1.619% increase in returns. Farmers primarily choose a marketing channel with three intermediaries, which results in a larger market margin but a smaller share for the producers. Among the five key marketing challenges reported by farmers, the influence of intermediaries stands out as the most significant issue. In conclusion, this study highlights the pressing need for efficient marketing channels and fair pricing systems to support potato farmers in the region.","PeriodicalId":8147,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","volume":"14 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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