Pub Date : 2023-03-01Epub Date: 2022-12-29DOI: 10.1007/s12308-022-00528-1
Mansour S Aljabry
Myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia (M/Ls-Eo) encompass heterogeneous but aggressive hematopoietic disorders triggered by fusion genes or mutations that typically lead to constitutive overexpression of tyrosine kinase. The occurrence of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma in the setting of M/Ls-Eo has been reported rarely in the literature. Herein, we present an unusual case of a 28-year-old male patient who presented with massive lymphadenopathy and T-lymphoblastic lymphoma in the lymph node occurring concurrently with myeloid hyperplasia, eosinophilia and basophilia in peripheral blood and bone marrow biopsy. The syndrome was associated with a novel complex karyotype involving der(8)t(1;8;10)(p31;q24;q11.2). The FISH study was negative for BCR::ABL1, JAK2, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, and FGFR1 rearrangements. The patient's clinical course was aggressive and resistant to multiple lines of intensive chemotherapy regimens. Therefore, he underwent allogenic stem cell transplantation with a fully matched donor. A brief review of the occurrence of T-LBL in conjunction with M/Ls-Eo neoplasm was made with a special focus on molecular aspects.
嗜酸性粒细胞和淋巴细胞肿瘤（M/Ls-Eo）包括由融合基因或突变引发的异质性侵袭性造血疾病，这些基因或突变通常会导致酪氨酸激酶的组成性过表达。文献中很少报道在M/Ls-Eo的情况下发生T淋巴细胞淋巴瘤。在此，我们介绍了一例不寻常的病例：一名 28 岁的男性患者出现大量淋巴结肿大，淋巴结中出现 T 淋巴细胞淋巴瘤，同时外周血和骨髓活检中出现骨髓增生、嗜酸性粒细胞增多和嗜碱性粒细胞增多。该综合征与新的复杂核型有关，涉及der(8)t(1;8;10)(p31;q24;q11.2)。FISH检查结果显示，BCR::ABL1、JAK2、PDGFRA、PDGFRB和FGFR1重排均为阴性。患者的临床病程具有侵袭性，对多线强化化疗方案产生耐药性。因此，他接受了完全匹配供体的异基因干细胞移植。本文简要回顾了T-LBL与M/Ls-Eo肿瘤的结合情况，并特别关注了分子方面的问题。
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Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1548-2456.2000.TB00158.X
S. Jonas
The Guatemalan peace process -- the negotiation and initial implementation of far-reaching peace accords ending the countrys 36 year civil war -- provides an excellent opportunity to revisit a number of ongoing discussions about political democratization and social justice in Latin America. The first part of this article summarizes how beyond ending the war this peace process contributed significantly to the democratization of Guatemala; how it opened up political space and what gains have (and have not) been achieved in the content of the accords signed. The rest of the article analyzes the Guatemalan experience from the early 1980s to the present as a means to address some of those broad theoretical debates about democratization and social justice. (excerpt)
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Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1548-2456.2000.TB00160.X
J. Booth
Democratization %rough Peace: T%e DifJcult Case of Guatemala The Guatemalan peace process provides an excellent opportunity to revisit a number of discussions about political democratization and social justice in Latin America. It is the premise of this article that fulfillment of the peace accords, particularly on demilitarization, is the necessary precondition for full development of political democracy in Guatemala. The article first summarizes how, beyond ending the war, the peace process has contributed to Guatemala's democratization, and then analyzes the Guatemalan experience since the early 1980s as a means to address some of the broad theoretical debates. Demilitarization and Security in El Salvador and Guatemala: Convergences of Success and Crisis The Salvadoran and Guatemalan cases correspond to a new model of public security that is widely shared across Latin America. The more localized processes of demilitarization in the two countries, moreover, appear to share a similar dynamic. In the midst of real reforms, however, the deterioration of public security as directly experienced by much of the population is cause for worry. An examination of the reforms established in the peace accords leads to an interpretation of these experiences in a comparative regional framework. Global Forces and Regime Change: Guatemala in the Central
{"title":"Global Forces and Regime Change: Guatemala in the Central American Context","authors":"J. Booth","doi":"10.1111/J.1548-2456.2000.TB00160.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1548-2456.2000.TB00160.X","url":null,"abstract":"Democratization %rough Peace: T%e DifJcult Case of Guatemala The Guatemalan peace process provides an excellent opportunity to revisit a number of discussions about political democratization and social justice in Latin America. It is the premise of this article that fulfillment of the peace accords, particularly on demilitarization, is the necessary precondition for full development of political democracy in Guatemala. The article first summarizes how, beyond ending the war, the peace process has contributed to Guatemala's democratization, and then analyzes the Guatemalan experience since the early 1980s as a means to address some of the broad theoretical debates. Demilitarization and Security in El Salvador and Guatemala: Convergences of Success and Crisis The Salvadoran and Guatemalan cases correspond to a new model of public security that is widely shared across Latin America. The more localized processes of demilitarization in the two countries, moreover, appear to share a similar dynamic. In the midst of real reforms, however, the deterioration of public security as directly experienced by much of the population is cause for worry. An examination of the reforms established in the peace accords leads to an interpretation of these experiences in a comparative regional framework. Global Forces and Regime Change: Guatemala in the Central","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"42 1","pages":"59-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1548-2456.2000.TB00160.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63372924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1548-2456.2000.TB00161.X
W. Robinson
A Critical Macrosocial Analysis Recent change in Guatemala is part of a complex transition that has continued in Central America since the 1960s. It involves the region's ongoing, gradual, highly conflictive, and contradictory entrance into the global economy and society. The transnational model of society in the Isthmus is inherently unstable, with contradictions internal to global capitalism. The constraints of the exclusionary socioeconomic system undermine efforts to open up the political system as contemplated in the peace accords. Authentic democratization requires a radical redistribution of wealth and power toward the poor majority; but the accords ratify existing property relations and rule out such a redistribution.
{"title":"Neoliberalism, the Global Elite, and the Guatemalan Transition: A Critical Macrosocial Analysis","authors":"W. Robinson","doi":"10.1111/J.1548-2456.2000.TB00161.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1548-2456.2000.TB00161.X","url":null,"abstract":"A Critical Macrosocial Analysis Recent change in Guatemala is part of a complex transition that has continued in Central America since the 1960s. It involves the region's ongoing, gradual, highly conflictive, and contradictory entrance into the global economy and society. The transnational model of society in the Isthmus is inherently unstable, with contradictions internal to global capitalism. The constraints of the exclusionary socioeconomic system undermine efforts to open up the political system as contemplated in the peace accords. Authentic democratization requires a radical redistribution of wealth and power toward the poor majority; but the accords ratify existing property relations and rule out such a redistribution.","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"44 1","pages":"89-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1548-2456.2000.TB00161.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63373435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1548-2456.2000.TB00159.X
A. D. Kincaid
For most of the past quarter-century, social scientists endeavoring to analyze the prolonged crises afflicting the Central American region shared a common problematic: how to explain the extraordinary range of variation in political processes within a confined and relatively homogeneous geographic space. For the majority of scholars, independent of their political outlooks, the analytical task was to identify the mix of variables that might simultaneously explain Costa Rica's democratic stability, Nicaragua's revolution, civil war in El Salvador that was not quite a revolution, Guatemala's insurgency and repression that was not quite a civil war, and none of the above in Honduras (see, inter alia, Brockett 1998; Vilas 1995; Torres Rivas 1993; Williams 1986). Among the many dramatic changes of the last decade of the twentieth century, therefore, the political panorama of Central America provides another: the challenge of accounting for convergence and similarity rather than divergence and variation. The two exemplary processes in this regard (and for Latin America in general, not just Central America) are democratic transitions and market-oriented economic policies (Korzeniewicz and Smith 1996; Smith et al. 1994). Not that national and local differences in culture and social structure have dissolved or ceased to matter, of course; but in many ways, the Central American countries today are as noteworthy for what unites them as for what divides them. The themes of this essay, demilitarization and security, fit well in the new context of convergence. Contemporary security challenges are similar from one end of Central America to the other; this essay will argue that the Salvadoran and Guatemalan cases correspond to a new model of public security that is widely shared across Latin America. The more localized processes of demilitarization in the two countries, moreover, appear to share a similar dynamic, once allowances are made for a five-year offset in the signing of the respective peace accords. Any effort to examine the reasons for these wider processes of convergence would go well beyond the scope of this work, but they are worth noting as a means of locating a discussion of security issues in close relationship to other aspects of contemporary Central American development. Too often, discussions of security issues such as demilitarization or civil-military relations proceed as if they were self-contained
在过去25年的大部分时间里，致力于分析困扰中美洲地区的长期危机的社会科学家们面临着一个共同的问题:如何解释在一个有限和相对同质的地理空间内政治进程的巨大变化。对于大多数独立于其政治观点的学者来说，分析任务是确定可能同时解释哥斯达黎加的民主稳定，尼加拉瓜的革命，萨尔瓦多的内战(不完全是革命)，危地马拉的叛乱和镇压(不完全是内战)以及洪都拉斯的上述所有变量的混合(除其他外，见Brockett 1998;维拉斯1995;托雷斯·里瓦斯1993;威廉姆斯1986)。因此，在二十世纪最后十年的许多戏剧性变化中，中美洲的政治全景提供了另一种变化:考虑到趋同和相似而不是分歧和差异的挑战。在这方面(不仅是中美洲，而且是整个拉丁美洲)的两个典型进程是民主过渡和面向市场的经济政策(Korzeniewicz和Smith 1996;Smith et al. 1994)。当然，这并不是说国家和地方在文化和社会结构上的差异已经消失或不再重要;但在许多方面，今天的中美洲国家的团结与分裂同样值得注意。这篇文章的主题，非军事化和安全，非常适合融合的新背景。当代的安全挑战从中美洲的一端到另一端都是相似的;本文将论证萨尔瓦多和危地马拉的案例符合拉丁美洲广泛共享的一种新的公共安全模式。此外，如果考虑到在签署各自的和平协定期间有五年的抵销期，两国较地方化的非军事化进程似乎也具有类似的动力。审查这些更广泛的趋同进程的原因的任何努力都远远超出了这项工作的范围，但值得注意的是，这些努力是将安全问题的讨论与当代中美洲发展的其他方面密切联系起来的一种手段。在讨论诸如非军事化或军民关系等安全问题时，往往表现得好像它们是独立的
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Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1548-2456.2000.TB00162.X
C. Chase-Dunn
A Critical Macrosocial Analysis Recent change in Guatemala is part of a complex transition that has continued in Central America since the 1960s. It involves the region's ongoing, gradual, highly conflictive, and contradictory entrance into the global economy and society. The transnational model of society in the Isthmus is inherently unstable, with contradictions internal to global capitalism. The constraints of the exclusionary socioeconomic system undermine efforts to open up the political system as contemplated in the peace accords. Authentic democratization requires a radical redistribution of wealth and power toward the poor majority; but the accords ratify existing property relations and rule out such a redistribution.
{"title":"Guatemala in the Global System","authors":"C. Chase-Dunn","doi":"10.1111/J.1548-2456.2000.TB00162.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1548-2456.2000.TB00162.X","url":null,"abstract":"A Critical Macrosocial Analysis Recent change in Guatemala is part of a complex transition that has continued in Central America since the 1960s. It involves the region's ongoing, gradual, highly conflictive, and contradictory entrance into the global economy and society. The transnational model of society in the Isthmus is inherently unstable, with contradictions internal to global capitalism. The constraints of the exclusionary socioeconomic system undermine efforts to open up the political system as contemplated in the peace accords. Authentic democratization requires a radical redistribution of wealth and power toward the poor majority; but the accords ratify existing property relations and rule out such a redistribution.","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"42 1","pages":"109-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1548-2456.2000.TB00162.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63373573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1994 the Zapatista rebellion brought international attention to the southern Mexican state of Chiapas. Neil Harvey combines ten years of field work in Chiapas with extensive historical and political research to provide a comprehensive history of conflict in this region and a nuanced analysis of this rural uprising against federal bureaucracy and landed elites. Beginning with an exploration of the history of ethnic and class conflict in Chiapas since the Conquest, Harvey moves specifically to trace the development of peasant and indigenous organizations in Chiapas since the early 1970s. He compares the struggles for agrarian rights of three grassroots movements facing hostility from both local elites and federal bureaucrats. His examination of the complexities of political change in Chiapas includes the impact of neoliberal economic policies, the origins of the Zapatista army of National Liberation (EZLN), and the political impact of the rebellion itself. Engaging with current theoretical debates on the role and significance of social movements in Mexico and Latin America, Harvey focuses on the primacy of political struggle and on the importance of these movements in the construction and meaning of citizenship. While suggesting that the Zapatista revolution has heightened awareness among the people of Chiapas of such democratic issues as ethnicity, gender, and land distribution, he concludes with an analysis of the obstacles to peace in the region today. This unprecedented study of the Zapatista rebellion will provoke discussion among students and scholars of contemporary Mexico, political science, Latin American studies, history, sociology, and anthropology.
{"title":"The Chiapas Rebellion: The Struggle for Land and Democracy","authors":"Neil Harvey","doi":"10.1215/9780822398301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822398301","url":null,"abstract":"In 1994 the Zapatista rebellion brought international attention to the southern Mexican state of Chiapas. Neil Harvey combines ten years of field work in Chiapas with extensive historical and political research to provide a comprehensive history of conflict in this region and a nuanced analysis of this rural uprising against federal bureaucracy and landed elites.\u0000\u0000Beginning with an exploration of the history of ethnic and class conflict in Chiapas since the Conquest, Harvey moves specifically to trace the development of peasant and indigenous organizations in Chiapas since the early 1970s. He compares the struggles for agrarian rights of three grassroots movements facing hostility from both local elites and federal bureaucrats. His examination of the complexities of political change in Chiapas includes the impact of neoliberal economic policies, the origins of the Zapatista army of National Liberation (EZLN), and the political impact of the rebellion itself. Engaging with current theoretical debates on the role and significance of social movements in Mexico and Latin America, Harvey focuses on the primacy of political struggle and on the importance of these movements in the construction and meaning of citizenship. While suggesting that the Zapatista revolution has heightened awareness among the people of Chiapas of such democratic issues as ethnicity, gender, and land distribution, he concludes with an analysis of the obstacles to peace in the region today.\u0000\u0000This unprecedented study of the Zapatista rebellion will provoke discussion among students and scholars of contemporary Mexico, political science, Latin American studies, history, sociology, and anthropology.","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"42 1","pages":"151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66039253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Death squads in global perspective : murder with deniability","authors":"Bruce B. Campbell, Art Brenner","doi":"10.2307/166345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/166345","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"42 1","pages":"127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/166345","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68532539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Los Partidos Politicos en la Republica Dominicana: Actividad Electoral y Desarrollo Organizativo","authors":"Jonathan Hartlyn, Jacqueline Jiménez Polanco","doi":"10.2307/166350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/166350","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"42 1","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/166350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68532570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This volume explores the complex processes of institutional transformation that were unleashed in rural Mexico by the government's massive program of market-oriented economic reforms in the 1990s, creating new pressures for campesinos to make their production choices individually. Instead of paving the way for the triumph of free market forces, neoliberal reforms in rural Mexico tiggered a creative episode of institutional reconstruction and innovation. As a result, instead of focusing on how the old institutions of statism were dismantled, students of rural Mexico should shift their attention to understanding the new institutions that have replaced those destroyed or displaced by the neoliberal reforms.
{"title":"Institutional adaptation and innovation in rural Mexico","authors":"R. Snyder","doi":"10.2307/166293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/166293","url":null,"abstract":"This volume explores the complex processes of institutional transformation that were unleashed in rural Mexico by the government's massive program of market-oriented economic reforms in the 1990s, creating new pressures for campesinos to make their production choices individually. Instead of paving the way for the triumph of free market forces, neoliberal reforms in rural Mexico tiggered a creative episode of institutional reconstruction and innovation. As a result, instead of focusing on how the old institutions of statism were dismantled, students of rural Mexico should shift their attention to understanding the new institutions that have replaced those destroyed or displaced by the neoliberal reforms.","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"42 1","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/166293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68532267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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