{"title":"John A. AdamsJr. , Mexican Banking and Investment in Transition. Westport: Quorum Books, 1997. Map, tables, figures, appendixes, glossary, notes, bibliography, index, xix, 238 pages; hardcover $69.50.","authors":"Miguel D. Ramirez","doi":"10.2307/166388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/166388","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"40 1","pages":"169-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/166388","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68532427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ariel C. Armony Argentina, the United States, and the Anti-Communist Crusade in Central America, 1977-1984. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1977. Maps, photographs, acronyms, chronology, notes, bibliography, index, 301 pages; paperback $26.","authors":"W. Walker","doi":"10.2307/166381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/166381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"40 1","pages":"146-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/166381","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68532865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peter Lambert, and Andrew Nickson, eds. The Transition to Democracy in Paraguay. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997. Tables, notes, bibliography, index, xiv, 230 pages; hardcover $69.95.","authors":"Frank O. Mora","doi":"10.2307/166390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/166390","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"40 1","pages":"177-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/166390","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68532441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
environmental management in North America and the hemisphere at large. The agreement has spawned a series of new institutions that are already reshaping current practices and that have considerable promise for broadening the range of international commitments to environmental management in the Americas. The most prominent and most relevant of these is the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC).
{"title":"The Commission for Environmental Cooperation and Environmental Management in the Americas","authors":"S. Mumme, P. Duncan","doi":"10.2307/166423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/166423","url":null,"abstract":"environmental management in North America and the hemisphere at large. The agreement has spawned a series of new institutions that are already reshaping current practices and that have considerable promise for broadening the range of international commitments to environmental management in the Americas. The most prominent and most relevant of these is the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC).","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"39 1","pages":"41-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/166423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68532827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kurt Weyland. Democracy Without Equity: Failures of Reform in Brazil. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1996. Tables, figures, appendix, notes, acronyms, bibliography, index, 293 pages; hardcover $49.95, paperback $22.95","authors":"Anthony W. Pereira","doi":"10.2307/166383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/166383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"40 1","pages":"153-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/166383","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68532884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Politics of Sustainable Development Environmental Policy Making in Four Brazilian States","authors":"B. Ames, M. Keck","doi":"10.2307/166422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/166422","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/166422","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68532805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyzes the contradictory impact of democratization on the Brazilian state. The return of democracy initially reinforced the efforts of clientelist politicians and "special interest" groups to win influence inside the state. Yet the resulting corrosion of state autonomy and capacity exacerbated Brazil's severe economic problems, which discredited established elites. In this crisis situation, democratic elections produced a renovation in political leadership and allowed determined reformers-first Fernando Collor, then Fernando Henrique Cardoso--to win office and try to rebuild the state, for instance through tax reform. Under democracy, the initial deterioration of state capacity thus triggered efforts to jump-start economic development and strengthen the state. How does a country's transition to democracy affect its state? This question is of great importance, 1 given the crucial role that the state has played in the economic, social, and political development of most countries affected by the "third wave" of democratization. Yet this topic has received insufficient scholarly attention. In fact, definitional assumptions may make this question appear as 2 a non-issue: Because the state is regarded as more permanent than a political regime, which can change with disturbing frequency, democratic transitions are often assumed to leave the state unchanged. Latin America's "politicized states" (Chalmers 1977; Power 1991), however, lack institutional stability. Given the fluidity of state structures in the region, democratization may have a profound effect upon the state: It may help institutionalize the state and turn it more autonomous from established social forces, or by contrast, it may further corrode the internal unity and undermine the strength of the state. Since the state has assumed an enormously wide range of responsibilities in Brazil, this country constitutes an especially good case for analysis. At the outset, a clarification of key concepts is in order. Following Weber (1976: 29), I define the state as the territorially based institution that "successfully claims the monopoly of legitimate physical coercion for the execution of its orders". The core of the state--and the focus of the following analysis--is the complex bureaucratic apparatus dedicated to administration, coercion, and fiscal extraction. To the extent that the state "formulate[s] and pursue[s] goals that are not simply reflective of the demands or interests of social groups, classes, or society" (Skocpol 1985: 9), state autonomy prevails. State capacity, in turn, denotes the state's ability to attain these goals and implement its decisions; the more institutionalized state structures are, the more the state can sustain this ability. Finally, state strength is the combination of state autonomy and state capacity. Due to the dearth of scholarly attention, theoretical guidance on the impact of democratization on the state is scarce. The sporadic hints in the litera
{"title":"The Brazilian State in the New Democracy","authors":"Kurt Weyland","doi":"10.2307/166424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/166424","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the contradictory impact of democratization on the Brazilian state. The return of democracy initially reinforced the efforts of clientelist politicians and \"special interest\" groups to win influence inside the state. Yet the resulting corrosion of state autonomy and capacity exacerbated Brazil's severe economic problems, which discredited established elites. In this crisis situation, democratic elections produced a renovation in political leadership and allowed determined reformers-first Fernando Collor, then Fernando Henrique Cardoso--to win office and try to rebuild the state, for instance through tax reform. Under democracy, the initial deterioration of state capacity thus triggered efforts to jump-start economic development and strengthen the state. How does a country's transition to democracy affect its state? This question is of great importance, 1 given the crucial role that the state has played in the economic, social, and political development of most countries affected by the \"third wave\" of democratization. Yet this topic has received insufficient scholarly attention. In fact, definitional assumptions may make this question appear as 2 a non-issue: Because the state is regarded as more permanent than a political regime, which can change with disturbing frequency, democratic transitions are often assumed to leave the state unchanged. Latin America's \"politicized states\" (Chalmers 1977; Power 1991), however, lack institutional stability. Given the fluidity of state structures in the region, democratization may have a profound effect upon the state: It may help institutionalize the state and turn it more autonomous from established social forces, or by contrast, it may further corrode the internal unity and undermine the strength of the state. Since the state has assumed an enormously wide range of responsibilities in Brazil, this country constitutes an especially good case for analysis. At the outset, a clarification of key concepts is in order. Following Weber (1976: 29), I define the state as the territorially based institution that \"successfully claims the monopoly of legitimate physical coercion for the execution of its orders\". The core of the state--and the focus of the following analysis--is the complex bureaucratic apparatus dedicated to administration, coercion, and fiscal extraction. To the extent that the state \"formulate[s] and pursue[s] goals that are not simply reflective of the demands or interests of social groups, classes, or society\" (Skocpol 1985: 9), state autonomy prevails. State capacity, in turn, denotes the state's ability to attain these goals and implement its decisions; the more institutionalized state structures are, the more the state can sustain this ability. Finally, state strength is the combination of state autonomy and state capacity. Due to the dearth of scholarly attention, theoretical guidance on the impact of democratization on the state is scarce. The sporadic hints in the litera","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"39 1","pages":"63-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/166424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68533011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nancy Caro Hollander. Love in a Time of Hate: Liberation Psychology in Latin America. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1997. Notes, index, 270 pages; hardcover $50, paperback $21.95.","authors":"A. Yamin","doi":"10.2307/166379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/166379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"40 1","pages":"137-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/166379","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68532847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Horace A. Bartilow. The Debt Dilemma: IMF Negotiations in Jamaica, Grenada, and Guyana. Warwick University Caribbean Studies. London: Macmillan, 1997. v, 187 pp.; paperback.","authors":"D. Felix","doi":"10.2307/166210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/166210","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"40 1","pages":"149-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/166210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68531759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
n May 1996 Brazil's National Confederation of Industry (CNI) convened a meeting of industrialists in Brasilia for a mass show of unity and focused lobbying in favor of constitutional reform. Industrialists large and small heeded the call. Nearly three thousand of them from all over Brazil chartered planes and packed shuttles. Fortified by a morning of speeches demanding constitutional reforms, the industrialists fanned out over Brasilia in the afternoon to argue their case to members of the national congress. As if to demonstrate that it could not be intimidated, however, Congress chose that very afternoon to vote down a reform proposal backed by business. By the end of that year, it was clear that business had made little progress in pushing several amendments it supported.
{"title":"Organized Business Politics in Democratic Brazil","authors":"B. Schneider","doi":"10.2307/166425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/166425","url":null,"abstract":"n May 1996 Brazil's National Confederation of Industry (CNI) convened a meeting of industrialists in Brasilia for a mass show of unity and focused lobbying in favor of constitutional reform. Industrialists large and small heeded the call. Nearly three thousand of them from all over Brazil chartered planes and packed shuttles. Fortified by a morning of speeches demanding constitutional reforms, the industrialists fanned out over Brasilia in the afternoon to argue their case to members of the national congress. As if to demonstrate that it could not be intimidated, however, Congress chose that very afternoon to vote down a reform proposal backed by business. By the end of that year, it was clear that business had made little progress in pushing several amendments it supported.","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"39 1","pages":"95-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/166425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68533028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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