Apmis最新文献

Tumor-associated antigens that can induce antitumor immune responses as well as endogenous microRNAs are found in tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs). The objective of the current investigation was to assess the ability of MicroRNA (miR)-211-enriched TEX (TEXomiR) to induce antitumor immune responses in a melanoma mouse model. B16F10 melanoma cells in culture were used to extract exosomes. MiR-211 mimics were introduced into the exosomes using a modified calcium chloride technique. In C57BL/6 mice, the effects of TEXomiR were assessed by measuring tumor growth, weight, immune cell populations in the tumor and spleen and cytokine release. PBS, TEX, or TEXomiR were given subcutaneously to mice three times every 3 days until tumors grew to a size of 100 mm³. In vivo experiments using B16F10-bearing mice indicated that, in comparison with unmodified TEX and PBS, TEXomiR administration boosted improved antitumor immune responses. There was a notable increase in survival time. Mice treated with TEXomiR showed suppression of tumor development. Tumor tissue had much lower ratios of T regularity/CD8 T cells and CD4/CD8 T cells. Our findings showed that TEXomiR stimulates antitumor immune responses and that tumor-derived exosomes are an effective vehicle for miR-211 mimic delivery.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Aurora kinase B (AURKB), a critical regulator of mitosis, has been implicated in cancer progression, though its precise role in HCC remains unclear. In this study, AURKB expression was found to be significantly elevated in HCC tissues and cell lines compared to controls, as validated by GEPIA and ENCORI databases. Functional assays revealed that AURKB knockdown reduced cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while increasing apoptosis. Furthermore, suppression of AURKB affected epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, decreasing vimentin and N-cadherin levels and increasing E-cadherin expression. In vivo, a xenograft mouse model demonstrated that tumors derived from AURKB-silenced cells exhibited reduced growth and fewer lung metastases. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses showed lower levels of Ki-67, MMP-9, and EMT markers in these tumors, alongside increased E-cadherin. These findings highlight AURKB's critical role in promoting HCC progression, metastasis, and EMT regulation. Overexpression of AURKB was associated with poor prognosis, suggesting it could serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for liver cancer. Overall, targeting AURKB may provide a novel approach to inhibit HCC growth and metastasis, improving patient outcomes.

This study investigated the distinguishing characteristics between acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) and aortic wall dilatation. Utilizing systematic histopathology criteria from the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology and the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology consensus statement, the analysis focused on degeneration, atherosclerosis, and inflammation in patients undergoing surgery in a Finnish tertiary care hospital. The study included 156 patients, those undergoing surgery for ATAAD (n = 116) and those with dilatation (n = 40). Despite similar clinical characteristics, histological analysis of the aortic wall indicated a higher overall degeneration in ATAAD compared to dilatation (2.4 ± 0.6 vs. 1.9 ± 0.8, Point score unit (PSU), p < 0.001). Findings included increased intralamellar mucoid extracellular matrix accumulation (69 vs. 32, p = 0.020; extent 2.0 ± 0.3 vs. 1.7 ± 0.5, PSU, p < 0.001; severity 1.8 ± 0.6 vs. 1.5 ± 0.5, PSU, p = 0.005) elastic fiber thinning (68 vs. 9, p = 0.001; extent 1.0 ± 0.9 vs. 0.4 ± 0.8, PSU, p < 0.001; severity 0.8 ± 0.8 vs. 0.4 ± 0.8, PSU, p = 0.001), elastic fiber disorganization (89 vs. 21, p = 0.005; extent 1.2 ± 0.8 vs. 0.9 ± 0.9, PSU, p = 0.029) and laminar medial collapse (64 vs. 6, p < 0.001; type 0.7 ± 0.7 vs. 0.2 ± 0.4, PSU, p < 0.001; extent 0.9 ± 0.9 vs. 0.9 ± 0.9, PSU, p < 0.001) in ATAAD compared to dilatation. Elastic fiber pathology and laminar medial collapse are distinct features of ATAAD compared to aortic dilatation in patients undergoing ascending aorta surgery.

This study aims to explore the clinical efficacy of calcium gluconate combined with ergometrine maleate in preventing and treating uterine atony-induced postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and its impacts on coagulation function. Ninety-six postpartum women with uterine atony were randomly assigned into a study group and a control group (48 cases each) using a double-blind method. The control group received calcium gluconate, while the study group received calcium gluconate combined with ergometrine maleate. Postpartum blood loss at 2 and 24 h, hemostasis time, hemoglobin levels, red blood cell (RBC) count, coagulation indices (PT, TT, APTT, D-D, FIB), inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, PCT), labor duration, hospital stay, menstruation recovery, stress-related indicators, and blood viscosity were compared. The study group had significantly lower postpartum blood loss, shorter labor stages, and higher hemoglobin levels and RBC counts at 24 h (p < 0.05). Postpartum, PT, TT, APTT, D-D, inflammatory markers, and stress indicators were lower, while FIB was higher in the study group (p < 0.05). The combination of ergometrine maleate and calcium gluconate effectively reduces PPH, improves stress-related inflammation, and shortens hemostasis time, demonstrating significant clinical benefits.

The global rise in antimicrobial resistance poses significant challenges to treating infectious diseases, particularly those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in healthcare settings. This research explores the potential of halophilic microorganisms as a source of novel antimicrobial compounds, focusing on Bacillus safensis isolated from saltpan soils in the Tuticorin coastal region, India. Among 158 isolates, B. safensis strain TC67 demonstrated potent anti-MRSA activity and was optimized under specific growth conditions for maximal metabolite production. The active compound was purified through silica gel column chromatography and analyzed using TLC, GC–MS, and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. These analyses identified benzene derivatives and saturated fatty acids as key components, including eicosanoic and decanoic acids. The purified metabolites exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 31.25 μg/mL against MRSA. Mechanistic studies using flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the compound disrupts MRSA cell membranes, leading to decreased cell viability. This study highlights the potential of marine-derived Bacillus species as a source for antimicrobial agents, providing viable choices to combat MRSA infections.