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Editor's comment on Barham symposium 编辑对巴勒姆研讨会的评论
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90377-3
Paul Levinson
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引用次数: 0
The phenomenon of a discovery: The unity of a new science and the perennial wisdom 发现的现象:新科学和永恒智慧的统一
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90021-H
Arthur Fabel
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引用次数: 0
Manufacture of evil: Ethics, evolution and the industrial system by Lionel Tiger. New York: Harper & Row, 1987, 345 pp 《邪恶的制造:伦理、进化和工业体系》,作者莱昂内尔·泰格。纽约:Harper & Row出版社,1987,345页
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90034-N
H. Caton
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引用次数: 0
Naturalizing Barham's Poincaréan evolutionary pragmatism 将巴勒姆的庞加莱姆主义归化为进化实用主义
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90277-W
David Stump
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引用次数: 0
Beyond dynamical systems 超越动力系统
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90337-P
Robert Rosen
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引用次数: 13
Mind atLarge: Knowing in the technological age 大思想:科技时代的知识
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90030-T
David G. Hays
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引用次数: 0
Paternity, jokes, and song: A possible evolutionary scenario for the origin of language and mind 亲子关系、笑话和歌曲:语言和思维起源的可能进化场景
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90003-9
James Cooke Brown , William Greenhood

The nature of modern language and human sexuality, combined with G. H. Mead's 1934 conjecture that the existence of human minds presupposes prelinguistical progenitors who had become “objects to themselves,” allows construction of a sociobiological model of the evolution of mind and language from Australopithecus to modern humanity. The model has an early and long stage characterized by short metaphorical utterances delivered in the cadences of song, and a recent stage initiated by the emergence of grammar characterized by staccato speech and potentially long utterances. We argue that grammar enabled the disambiguation of long utterances and led to a compensatory increase in the rate at which they were delivered; this in turn led to phonemicization and encephalization. A solution to the problem of duality is also offered. The hyperstability of Lower Paleolithic tool-kits is explained as a by-product of the mimetic transmission of the first stage protolanguage, many features of which are retained in similarly mimetic features of contemporary speech. Modern ceaseless, rational invention, apparent since the Upper Paleolithic, is explained as a by-product of grammar and the resultant emergence of “ideons,” or manipulable ideas. A three-component model of human evolution is offered in which a coevolutionary interaction among genes, memes, and ideons may be capable of explaining many puzzling features of the human condition.

现代语言和人类性行为的本质,再加上g.h. Mead在1934年提出的猜想,即人类心智的存在以语言出现之前的祖先为前提,这些祖先已经成为“自我客体”,这使得从南方古猿到现代人类的心智和语言进化的社会生物学模型得以构建。该模式有一个早期和较长的阶段,其特征是在歌曲的节奏中传递简短的隐喻话语,而最近的阶段则是由语法的出现引发的,其特征是断续的言语和潜在的长话语。我们认为,语法能够消除长话语的歧义,并导致它们传递速度的补偿性增加;这反过来又导致了音位化和脑化。最后给出了对偶性问题的解决方法。旧石器时代晚期工具箱的超高稳定性被解释为第一阶段原始语言模仿传播的副产品,其中许多特征在当代语言的类似模仿特征中被保留下来。现代不断的、理性的发明,从旧石器时代晚期开始就很明显,被解释为语法和由此产生的“观念”或可操纵的观念的副产品。提出了人类进化的三要素模型,其中基因、模因和观念之间的共同进化相互作用可能能够解释人类状况的许多令人费解的特征。
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引用次数: 3
Index to volume 1 第1卷索引
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90018-L
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引用次数: 0
Objective Morality 客观的道德
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90016-J
Robin Allott

An objective basis for morality can be found in an evolutionary account of its origin and development. Morality is a key factor in the success of human groups in competition or co-existence with one another. A group's moral code represents an increasingly rational pattern of behavior derived from the collective experience of the group handed down from generation to generation. Group selection is a controversial idea for animal evolution but it is inescapable in accounting for human evolution under the influence of language and the accumulation of cultural patterns. Further, morality has an objective physiological and neurological basis in so far as it exists to moderate the expression of the array of genetically-derived emotional patterns. Emotions represent the combination of action tendencies (neural motor programs) with physiologically-derived affective concomitants. The relation between emotion, empathy, and morality is important. Empathy (a special form of perception still largely unexplained) has a key role both in the formation and cohesion of human groups and in the observance within groups of a moral code. Ultimately observance of moral rules depends on recognition by each individual of an integrating purpose in his/her life. In so far as the moral code is directed towards achieving this integrating purpose, morality for the individual becomes objective.

道德的客观基础可以在其起源和发展的进化论中找到。道德是人类群体在相互竞争或共存中取得成功的关键因素。一个群体的道德准则代表了一种日益理性的行为模式,这种行为模式来自于这个群体代代相传的集体经验。群体选择是动物进化的一个有争议的观点,但在解释语言和文化模式积累影响下的人类进化时,它是不可避免的。此外,道德具有客观的生理和神经基础,因为它可以调节一系列基因衍生的情感模式的表达。情绪是行为倾向(神经运动程序)与生理衍生的情感伴随物的结合。情感、同理心和道德之间的关系很重要。同理心(一种特殊的感知形式,大部分仍未得到解释)在人类群体的形成和凝聚力以及群体内部对道德准则的遵守方面都发挥着关键作用。最终,遵守道德规则取决于每个人对其生活中整体目标的认识。只要道德准则是为了达到这一综合目的,个人的道德就成为客观的。
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引用次数: 0
All autopoietic systems must be social systems (living implies autopoietic. But, autopoietic does not imply living): An application of autopoietic criteria in systems analysis 所有自创生系统都必须是社会系统(生存意味着自创生)。但是,自创生并不意味着活):自创生标准在系统分析中的应用
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90004-A
Milan Zeleny , Kevin D. Hufford
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引用次数: 15
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