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Journal of social and biological structures最新文献

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Can Poincaréan evolutionary pragmatism contribute to epistemology? 庞加莱姆的进化实用主义能对认识论有所贡献吗?
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90257-Q
Jesse Hobbs
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引用次数: 0
Perestroika and media in deconstructivist perspective, part II 解构主义视角下的改革与媒体,第二部分
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90012-F
Helena Gourko (Chair)
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引用次数: 0
A biocultural analysis of revolution 革命的生物文化分析
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90015-I
Penny Anthon Green

When analyzed from the vantage point of modern evolutionary theory, sociopolitical revolutions may be viewed as complex behavioral expressions of the competition inherent in natural selection. They involve behavior by challengers that aims toward displacing those who enjoy first access to available power and resources. Revolutions also reveal rulers defending their advantages. The analysis unfolds in three stages: (a) sociopolitical revolutions explained, at least partially, in terms of the logic of natural selection; (b) identification of some “strategies” utilized by both challengers and incumbents in competition for the political apex—these strategies may be thought of as ultimately resulting from evolved behavioral predispositions whose strength, and therefore degree of phenotypical expression, is dependent upon sociocultural influences (changes in the intensity of such predispositions result in challengers and incumbents respectively pursuing strategies that end in the replacement of one ruling group by another); (c) reexamination of some contributions that social scientists have made to our understanding of revolutions. The objective is explication of the relationship between behavioral predispositions and sociocultural variables that have been identified as co-determinants of these political upheavals.

从现代进化理论的角度分析,社会政治革命可以被看作是自然选择中固有竞争的复杂行为表现。它们涉及挑战者的行为,旨在取代那些最先获得可用权力和资源的人。革命还揭示了统治者捍卫自己的优势。分析分三个阶段展开:(a)社会政治革命至少部分地用自然选择的逻辑来解释;(b)识别挑战者和在位者在政治巅峰竞争中使用的一些“策略”——这些策略可能被认为是进化的行为倾向的最终结果,其强度,因此表型表达的程度,依赖于社会文化影响(这种倾向强度的变化导致挑战者和在位者各自采取的战略以一个统治集团被另一个统治集团取代而告终);(c)重新审视社会科学家对我们理解革命所作的贡献。目的是解释行为倾向和社会文化变量之间的关系,这些变量已被确定为这些政治动荡的共同决定因素。
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引用次数: 3
Mind atLarge: Knowing in the technological age: by Paul Levinson. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1988, xviii + 271 pp., $63.50 ($31.75 indiv.) (cloth) 《无所不在的心灵:科技时代的知识》,作者:保罗·莱文森。格林威治,CT: JAI出版社,1988,xviii + 271页,63.50美元(每本31.75美元)(布)
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90030-T
D. G. Hays
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引用次数: 0
Manufacture of evil: Ethics, evolution and the industrial system 邪恶的制造:伦理、进化和工业体系
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90034-N
Hiram Caton
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引用次数: 0
The lever of riches: Technological creativity and economic progress 财富的杠杆:技术创造力和经济进步
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90009-F
David G. Hays
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引用次数: 0
Human nature as social order: A hundred years of psychometrics 作为社会秩序的人性:百年心理测量学
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90014-H
JoséA.López Cerezo

Science has traditionally been depicted as a disinterested pursuit of truth, based only on strict application of the experimental method. However, when one considers scientific episodes in a more detailed way, as human processes of understanding and acting upon the world, a number of constraints on science's cognitive development show their relevance—among them, social contexts, technical availabilities, and technological aims. The key role of social contexts in the methodological guidance of science and technology raises evaluatory questions concerning social control. These are the main lines of a critical approach to the philosophy of science briefly exposed and exemplified here through the study of a hundred years of psychometrics—namely, the period that broadly covers the second half of 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, focusing mainly on three key authors: F. Galton, A. Binet, and C. Spearman. The historical study concludes that the psychometric concept of intelligence (cornerstone of the scientific image of human nature) that emerges out of this period cannot be considered a hard scientific fact upon which to rationalize social order, for that concept itself is largely the result of the particular social commitments and technological hopes held by the main characters of this one hundred year period.

传统上,科学被描述为对真理的无私追求,仅仅以严格应用实验方法为基础。然而,当人们以更详细的方式考虑科学事件时,作为人类理解和对世界采取行动的过程,对科学认知发展的一些限制显示出它们的相关性,其中包括社会背景、技术可用性和技术目标。社会背景在科学技术方法论指导中的关键作用提出了有关社会控制的评价问题。这些是科学哲学批判方法的主线,本文通过对心理测量学一百年的研究(即大致涵盖19世纪下半叶和20世纪上半叶的时期)简要地揭示和举例说明,主要关注三位主要作者:F.高尔顿、a .比奈和C.斯皮尔曼。历史研究的结论是,这一时期出现的智力心理测量概念(人性科学形象的基石)不能被认为是使社会秩序合理化的坚实科学事实,因为这个概念本身在很大程度上是这一百年来主要人物所持有的特定社会承诺和技术希望的结果。
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引用次数: 6
Epistemology soft-boiled 认识论半熟的
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90237-K
Jeffrey S. Wicken
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引用次数: 0
A new concept of developmental and evolutionary adaptation 发展与进化适应的新概念
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90022-I
Zippora Burstein

A new approach, formulated in terms of a new model, is introduced to explain the development and evolution of complex adaptive systems. The approach argues that the emergence of complex patterns must be controlled by special regulatory genes which are themselves regulated by something as powerful computationally as an expert production-system. Furthermore, the production-system itself evolves adaptively through a relaxation of “thermodynamic tension”. A network related to a neural network model, with some of its units being special developmental regulatory genes, is specified as an appropriate description of the adaptive complex system.

本文介绍了一种新的方法,根据一个新的模型,来解释复杂适应系统的发展和进化。这种方法认为,复杂模式的出现一定是由特殊的调控基因控制的,而这些基因本身又受到像专业生产系统一样强大的计算能力的控制。此外,生产系统本身通过“热力学张力”的松弛而自适应地进化。与神经网络模型相关的网络,其中一些单元是特殊的发育调节基因,被指定为自适应复杂系统的适当描述。
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引用次数: 7
Evolutionary politics 进化的政治
Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(91)90032-L
Joseph Losco
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of social and biological structures
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