Swapnali Gole, Sumitra Prajapati, Nehru Prabakaran, J. A. Johnson, K. Sivakumar
In the last four decades, dugong (Dugong dugon) aggregations have been rarely reported from the geographically isolated, vast seascape of the Andaman Islands, India. The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, hunting, coastal development, and habitat loss are the major causes of this change in the social system of dugongs in the Andaman Islands. Our long-term monitoring study (2017 to 2022) reveals a changing trend in aggregating behaviour of dugongs. In an inclusive, collaborative effort, we engaged multiple stakeholders using two approaches: (1) creating a spatially spread citizen science network targeting sea-faring agencies—the fishers, forest department, SCUBA divers, and defence bodies (Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard); and (2) conducting standardized questionnaire surveys (UNEP/CMS) with fishers. Our approach yielded reports of 63 herd sightings of dugongs from the Andaman archipelago. The fishers reported 73.01% of the sightings, followed by the defence bodies (20.63%), forest department (3.18%), and SCUBA divers (3.18%). Smaller herds in our study comprised three to six individuals, with a social structure of “adults only” and “adult–calf.” The larger herds of seven to 13 individuals included an “adult–calf” combination with a greater number of adults accompanying two to three calves. More than 95% of these herd occurrences were reported from sheltered, coastal waters with resource concentrations (large seagrass meadows). Further, we present novel dugong occurrence reports from data-deficient regions like the Jarawa Tribal Reserve and the North Sentinel Island, along with dugong occurrences from Little Andaman, where the population was speculated to be locally extinct after the 2004 tsunami. These findings strongly advocate the involvement of multiple stakeholders as a cost-effective approach to monitoring the distribution and population of dugongs in larger seascapes like the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Moreover, such an approach would be critical for sensitizing the local stakeholders regarding the conservation and management of large marine mammals such as dugongs.
{"title":"Herd Size Dynamics and Observations on the Natural History of Dugongs (Dugong dugon) in the Andaman Islands, India","authors":"Swapnali Gole, Sumitra Prajapati, Nehru Prabakaran, J. A. Johnson, K. Sivakumar","doi":"10.1578/am.49.1.2023.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.49.1.2023.53","url":null,"abstract":"In the last four decades, dugong (Dugong dugon) aggregations have been rarely reported from the geographically isolated, vast seascape of the Andaman Islands, India. The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, hunting, coastal development, and habitat loss are the major causes of this change in the social system of dugongs in the Andaman Islands. Our long-term monitoring study (2017 to 2022) reveals a changing trend in aggregating behaviour of dugongs. In an inclusive, collaborative effort, we engaged multiple stakeholders using two approaches: (1) creating a spatially spread citizen science network targeting sea-faring agencies—the fishers, forest department, SCUBA divers, and defence bodies (Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard); and (2) conducting standardized questionnaire surveys (UNEP/CMS) with fishers. Our approach yielded reports of 63 herd sightings of dugongs from the Andaman archipelago. The fishers reported 73.01% of the sightings, followed by the defence bodies (20.63%), forest department (3.18%), and SCUBA divers (3.18%). Smaller herds in our study comprised three to six individuals, with a social structure of “adults only” and “adult–calf.” The larger herds of seven to 13 individuals included an “adult–calf” combination with a greater number of adults accompanying two to three calves. More than 95% of these herd occurrences were reported from sheltered, coastal waters with resource concentrations (large seagrass meadows). Further, we present novel dugong occurrence reports from data-deficient regions like the Jarawa Tribal Reserve and the North Sentinel Island, along with dugong occurrences from Little Andaman, where the population was speculated to be locally extinct after the 2004 tsunami. These findings strongly advocate the involvement of multiple stakeholders as a cost-effective approach to monitoring the distribution and population of dugongs in larger seascapes like the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Moreover, such an approach would be critical for sensitizing the local stakeholders regarding the conservation and management of large marine mammals such as dugongs.","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49246220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Belén Argüelles, C. Fiorito, M. Coscarella, A. Fazio, M. Bertellotti
{"title":"First Observations of Cooperative Circle Feeding in Southern Right Whales (Eubalaena australis)","authors":"María Belén Argüelles, C. Fiorito, M. Coscarella, A. Fazio, M. Bertellotti","doi":"10.1578/am.49.1.2023.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.49.1.2023.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49358706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelley A. Winship, Amber Ramos, Mark J. Xitco, Jr.
The use of technology in laboratory and zoological settings has provided opportunities for advancement of cognition research as well as cognitive enrichment in a variety of species. Such systems have been successfully created for nonhuman primates and introduced to other anatomically and physiologically diverse species such as bears and tortoises. However, such systems have yet to be used with frequency in aquatic species given the challenge of incorporating accessible technology in such a setting. Herein, we report the successful creation and implementation of a novel manipulatable computerized system with California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) housed in outdoor sea pens. The Enclosure Video Enrichment (EVE) system was created and provided to three adult male sea lions living at the U.S. Navy’s Marine Mammal Program. The interface was modified from those used with other species to accommodate the anatomical and physiological differences of the study subjects. Training procedures were adapted from those successfully used with nonhuman primates to emphasize successive learning approximations. Each of the sea lions introduced to EVE successfully learned to engage with the system at differing rates over the course of a year and a half. While each showed significant differences in interaction style (e.g., number of button presses), all were able to achieve the same criterion for acquisition. This system is the first recorded success in providing a technological means to test cognition in California sea lions through an animal-manipulated interface and has the potential to function as a form of cognitive enrichment in this species.
{"title":"The Introduction of a Novel Computerized Apparatus to California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus)","authors":"Kelley A. Winship, Amber Ramos, Mark J. Xitco, Jr.","doi":"10.1578/am.49.1.2023.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.49.1.2023.73","url":null,"abstract":"The use of technology in laboratory and zoological settings has provided opportunities for advancement of cognition research as well as cognitive enrichment in a variety of species. Such systems have been successfully created for nonhuman primates and introduced to other anatomically and physiologically diverse species such as bears and tortoises. However, such systems have yet to be used with frequency in aquatic species given the challenge of incorporating accessible technology in such a setting. Herein, we report the successful creation and implementation of a novel manipulatable computerized system with California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) housed in outdoor sea pens. The Enclosure Video Enrichment (EVE) system was created and provided to three adult male sea lions living at the U.S. Navy’s Marine Mammal Program. The interface was modified from those used with other species to accommodate the anatomical and physiological differences of the study subjects. Training procedures were adapted from those successfully used with nonhuman primates to emphasize successive learning approximations. Each of the sea lions introduced to EVE successfully learned to engage with the system at differing rates over the course of a year and a half. While each showed significant differences in interaction style (e.g., number of button presses), all were able to achieve the same criterion for acquisition. This system is the first recorded success in providing a technological means to test cognition in California sea lions through an animal-manipulated interface and has the potential to function as a form of cognitive enrichment in this species.","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48374000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sahya N. Haria, I. Hardy, Stefan Harzen, Barbara J. Brunnick
Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)are frequently observed in the coastal waters of Palm Beach County, Florida. In this study, mark-recapture surveys using photo-identification techniques were used to estimate population abundance of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins in this area for the first time. Surveys were conducted for 11 years, between 2005 and 2016, during which 384 individuals were identified and catalogued from distinctive nicks and notches on their dorsal fins. Each marked individual was documented an average of 2.4 times (range 1 to 19). Low resighting rates and a constant rate of encounter with previously unmarked individuals suggest that the population is open, comprising both residents and transients. The Jolly-Seber method was used to estimate population abundance. Estimates of abundance varied greatly in time with an overall average of 264 individuals and a 95% confidence interval of 162 to 366 (SE = 51.3), indicating a variable population size. As threats in the region continue to rise, such as overfishing, toxic algae blooms, and environmental pollutants, this understudied population may be vulnerable to decline. A better understanding of the population dynamics could facilitate more effective conservation action.
{"title":"Estimating Population Abundance of Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Coastal Waters of Palm Beach County, Southeastern Florida","authors":"Sahya N. Haria, I. Hardy, Stefan Harzen, Barbara J. Brunnick","doi":"10.1578/am.49.1.2023.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.49.1.2023.19","url":null,"abstract":"Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)are frequently observed in the coastal waters of Palm Beach County, Florida. In this study, mark-recapture surveys using photo-identification techniques were used to estimate population abundance of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins in this area for the first time. Surveys were conducted for 11 years, between 2005 and 2016, during which 384 individuals were identified and catalogued from distinctive nicks and notches on their dorsal fins. Each marked individual was documented an average of 2.4 times (range 1 to 19). Low resighting rates and a constant rate of encounter with previously unmarked individuals suggest that the population is open, comprising both residents and transients. The Jolly-Seber method was used to estimate population abundance. Estimates of abundance varied greatly in time with an overall average of 264 individuals and a 95% confidence interval of 162 to 366 (SE = 51.3), indicating a variable population size. As threats in the region continue to rise, such as overfishing, toxic algae blooms, and environmental pollutants, this understudied population may be vulnerable to decline. A better understanding of the population dynamics could facilitate more effective conservation action.","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44177259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Keener, Marc A. Webber, T. Markowitz, Mark P. Cotter, Daniela Maldini, R. H. Defran, M. Rice, Amanda J. Debich, A. Lang, D. L. Kelly, Alex G. Kesaris, M. Bearzi, K. Causey, David Anderson, Laurie Shuster, D. Weller
The California coastal stock of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) expanded its range north from the Southern California Bight, its historical range, into Central California coincident with the 1982-1983 El Niño event. Since the late 1980s, bottlenose dolphin sightings north of Central California have been increasingly reported. To determine the present-day northern range limit for these dolphins, photo-identification efforts were carried out from 2007 to 2018 in San Francisco Bay and nearby coastal waters during which 84 individuals were identified. The results demonstrate a significant range expansion along the Northern California coast at least as far as Sonoma County (38.7º N). Comparisons with photo-identification catalogs compiled south of San Francisco from 1981 to 2015 revealed that 92% of the 84 dolphins were matched to Monterey Bay (n = 77), Santa Barbara (n = 27), Santa Monica Bay (n = 29), Orange County (n = 9), Corona Del Mar (n = 2), San Diego (n = 31), and Ensenada, Mexico (n = 1). Many of the 84 dolphins (54%) showed long-range movements across the stock’s range between the Southern California Bight and the San Francisco Bay Area. The greatest movement distance recorded was by two individuals first observed in San Diego, California, in the 1980s and subsequently in Puget Sound, Washington (47º N), in 2017, setting a coastal bottlenose dolphin long-distance movement record of at least 2,500 km.
{"title":"Northern Range Expansion of California Coastal Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)","authors":"W. Keener, Marc A. Webber, T. Markowitz, Mark P. Cotter, Daniela Maldini, R. H. Defran, M. Rice, Amanda J. Debich, A. Lang, D. L. Kelly, Alex G. Kesaris, M. Bearzi, K. Causey, David Anderson, Laurie Shuster, D. Weller","doi":"10.1578/am.49.1.2023.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.49.1.2023.29","url":null,"abstract":"The California coastal stock of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) expanded its range north from the Southern California Bight, its historical range, into Central California coincident with the 1982-1983 El Niño event. Since the late 1980s, bottlenose dolphin sightings north of Central California have been increasingly reported. To determine the present-day northern range limit for these dolphins, photo-identification efforts were carried out from 2007 to 2018 in San Francisco Bay and nearby coastal waters during which 84 individuals were identified. The results demonstrate a significant range expansion along the Northern California coast at least as far as Sonoma County (38.7º N). Comparisons with photo-identification catalogs compiled south of San Francisco from 1981 to 2015 revealed that 92% of the 84 dolphins were matched to Monterey Bay (n = 77), Santa Barbara (n = 27), Santa Monica Bay (n = 29), Orange County (n = 9), Corona Del Mar (n = 2), San Diego (n = 31), and Ensenada, Mexico (n = 1). Many of the 84 dolphins (54%) showed long-range movements across the stock’s range between the Southern California Bight and the San Francisco Bay Area. The greatest movement distance recorded was by two individuals first observed in San Diego, California, in the 1980s and subsequently in Puget Sound, Washington (47º N), in 2017, setting a coastal bottlenose dolphin long-distance movement record of at least 2,500 km.","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45541041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.1578/am.48.6.2022.671
Marjorie A. Cox, Sarah A. Codde, Matthew J. Lau
{"title":"Juvenile Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga angustirostris) Onshore with Prey at Point Reyes National Seashore","authors":"Marjorie A. Cox, Sarah A. Codde, Matthew J. Lau","doi":"10.1578/am.48.6.2022.671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.48.6.2022.671","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42313338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.1578/am.48.6.2022.520
Jorge Alberto Martínez-Fernández, Aurora Paniagua-Mendoza, F. Elorriaga-Verplancken, Hiram Rosales‐Nanduca, A. Blanco-Jarvio, R. Robles-Hernández, Claudia Ballínez, Wojtek Bachara
{"title":"First Record of a Blainville’s Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) in Cuba","authors":"Jorge Alberto Martínez-Fernández, Aurora Paniagua-Mendoza, F. Elorriaga-Verplancken, Hiram Rosales‐Nanduca, A. Blanco-Jarvio, R. Robles-Hernández, Claudia Ballínez, Wojtek Bachara","doi":"10.1578/am.48.6.2022.520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.48.6.2022.520","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42545227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.1578/am.48.6.2022.708
P. Molenaar, Jip Vrooman
{"title":"Feeding Association Between Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) and Flyshoot Fishing","authors":"P. Molenaar, Jip Vrooman","doi":"10.1578/am.48.6.2022.708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.48.6.2022.708","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45404885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.1578/am.48.6.2022.501
Guilherme Maricato, Ana Luiza Pires, R. Tardin, Sérgio C. Moreira, M. A. Alves, Israel S. Maciel
{"title":"Traveling at Night: The First Record of Humpback Whales’ (Megaptera novaeangliae) Wake Riding During the Nighttime","authors":"Guilherme Maricato, Ana Luiza Pires, R. Tardin, Sérgio C. Moreira, M. A. Alves, Israel S. Maciel","doi":"10.1578/am.48.6.2022.501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.48.6.2022.501","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46274607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.1578/am.48.6.2022.737
Camila Lazcano‐Pacheco, Mario A. Onofre-Díaz, Raziel Meza-Yáñez, Myriam Llamas-González, Luis M. Bautista-Moreno, A. Olivos-Ortiz, Christian D. Ortega‐Ortiz
{"title":"Cetacean Mortality Related to Ship Traffic in the Mexican Central Pacific","authors":"Camila Lazcano‐Pacheco, Mario A. Onofre-Díaz, Raziel Meza-Yáñez, Myriam Llamas-González, Luis M. Bautista-Moreno, A. Olivos-Ortiz, Christian D. Ortega‐Ortiz","doi":"10.1578/am.48.6.2022.737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1578/am.48.6.2022.737","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8219,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Mammals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47820279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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