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Identification of Antimicrobial Resistance in Faecal Microbes from Wild Dugongs (Dugong dugon) 野生儒艮粪便微生物耐药性的鉴定
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.4.2023.395
A. M. McGowan, J. Seddon, J. Lanyon, Nicholas Clark, J. Gibson
Estuarine and coastal waters are areas of potential concern for antimicrobial resistance because of the discharge of wastewater from sewage treatment plants and the run-off from urban and agricultural lands. Herein, we evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profiles in bacteria from dugongs (Dugong dugon), mammals that inhabit and feed in shallow coastal regions and, thus, are vulnerable to encountering water and sediment contaminated by human activities. Bacterial isolates were cultured from fresh faeces of four wild dugongs, as well as from one sediment sample from a dugong foraging ground in Queensland, Australia. Ten bacterial isolates underwent phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration testing, and genotypic resistance and virulence gene identification through whole genome sequencing. Four Staphylococcus warneri isolates and one Bacillus cereus isolate from dugong faeces were resistant to penicillin, with two S. warneri isolates also displaying resistance to trimethoprim. Four Escherichia coli isolates were all resistant to ampicillin. Resistance genes, including fosB, BcII, dfrC, blaZ, and mdfA, were identified in the isolates cultured from dugong faeces with two virulence genes (gad and lpfA) identified in all E. coli isolates. Lysinibacillus sphaericus cultured from the marine sediment and B. cereus from dugong faeces displayed phenotypic multidrug resistance (across categories of non-extended spectrum cephalosporins, penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors, and clindamycin; and for L. sphaericus, phosphonic acids). These results demonstrate the role that dugongs can play as a sentinel species for antimicrobial resistance in the coastal waters across their range, which includes both disturbed urban and rural regions.
河口和沿海水域是抗菌素耐药性的潜在关注区域,因为污水处理厂排放的废水以及城市和农业用地的径流。在此,我们评估了来自儒艮(Dugong dugon)的细菌的抗菌素耐药性谱,儒艮是一种生活在浅海地区并以其为食的哺乳动物,因此很容易遇到被人类活动污染的水和沉积物。从4只野生儒艮的新鲜粪便以及澳大利亚昆士兰州儒艮觅食地的沉积物样本中培养出细菌分离物。采用纸片扩散法和最小抑菌浓度法对10株菌株进行表型药敏试验,并通过全基因组测序对10株菌株进行基因型耐药和毒力基因鉴定。从儒艮粪便中分离出的4株瓦纳里葡萄球菌和1株蜡样芽孢杆菌对青霉素耐药,2株瓦纳里葡萄球菌也对甲氧苄啶耐药。4株大肠杆菌均对氨苄西林耐药。从儒艮粪便培养的分离株中鉴定出抗性基因,包括fosB、BcII、dfrC、blaZ和mdfA,在所有大肠杆菌分离株中鉴定出两个毒力基因(gad和lpfA)。从海洋沉积物中培养的球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌和从儒艮粪便中培养的蜡样芽孢杆菌表现出表型多药耐药(跨越非扩展谱头孢菌素、青霉素和β -内酰胺酶抑制剂以及克林霉素的类别);球形乳杆菌为膦酸)。这些结果表明,儒艮可以在其活动范围内的沿海水域(包括受干扰的城市和农村地区)作为抗菌素耐药性的哨兵物种。
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引用次数: 0
Northernmost Record of the Ginkgo-Toothed Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon ginkgodens) 银杏齿喙鲸(Mesoplodon ginkgodens)最北端记录
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.4.2023.356
Wojtek Bachara, Mika Kuroda, S. Nishida, Hajime Ishikawa, T. Matsuishi
The ginkgo-toothed beaked whale (Mesoplodon ginkgodens) is one of the least-known cetaceans in the world, with a formerly recognised distribution that included temperate, subtropical, and tropical waters in the North and South Pacific and Indian Oceans. We report an additional specimen of this species, which also represents the northernmost-known specimen—an adult male found dead, stranded off Hokkaido, northernmost Japan.
银杏齿喙鲸(Mesoplodon ginkgodens)是世界上最不为人所知的鲸目动物之一,以前被认为分布在南北太平洋和印度洋的温带、亚热带和热带水域。我们报告了这个物种的另一个标本,它也代表了最北部的标本——一个被发现死亡的成年雄性,搁浅在日本最北部的北海道。
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引用次数: 0
Factors Influencing the Development of Human–Animal Relationships at SeaWorld Entertainment Parks 影响海洋世界游乐园人与动物关系发展的因素
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.3.2023.294
S. Brando, C. Dold, Vinicius D. L. R. Goulart, T. Robeck
While the existence of human–animal relationships dates back thousands of years, the effects of these bonds on animal well-being have only recently been examined in detail. The existing literature demonstrates that factors such as familiar human caregivers and persistent, predictable care may, for example, lower an animal’s fear response and improve overall welfare. The goal of the present study was to analyse how a range of variables, including age, sex, animal species, and previous bonds with a pet could influence the development of human–animal bonds between caregivers and animals at six affiliated zoological facilities. The present study is a survey of 201 animal caregivers focusing on their perception of the bonds shared between themselves and an animal with which they work and any experience with bonds they have with a companion animal at home. All respondents, regardless of the existence of a human–animal bond, also indicated their level of agreement with a series of general statements about human–animal relationships and their effects on animal management and welfare. The present study demonstrates that the type of animal species has a significant effect on the development of bonds between animals and their human caregivers, with a greater percentage of bonds developed between people and other mammalian species, and the smaller percentage of bonds between people and fish or reptiles. Personal identifiers, such as age, sex, or the number of years in the profession, did not have any significant correlation to bond development. In addition, having pets was also not a predictor of caregiver–animal bonds, though previous experiences with animal bonds did indicate a tendency to develop a bond. Overall, surveyed caregivers agreed with positive statements about human–animal relationships and their role in promoting better welfare for animals. Understanding the bonds shared by animal caregivers and the animals for which they are responsible is essential to fostering workplaces that consider the importance of the relationship between humans and animals, and the tangible benefits a positively perceived bond can have for both.
虽然人与动物关系的存在可以追溯到数千年前,但这些关系对动物福祉的影响直到最近才得到详细研究。现有文献表明,熟悉的人类照顾者和持续的、可预测的照顾等因素可能会降低动物的恐惧反应,改善整体福利。本研究的目的是分析一系列变量,包括年龄、性别、动物物种以及之前与宠物的关系,如何影响六个附属动物设施的照顾者和动物之间人与动物关系的发展。本研究对201名动物看护人进行了调查,重点关注他们对自己与工作动物之间共同纽带的感知,以及他们与家中伴侣动物之间纽带的任何体验。所有受访者,无论是否存在人与动物的关系,都表示他们同意一系列关于人与动物关系及其对动物管理和福利的影响的一般性陈述。本研究表明,动物物种的类型对动物与其人类照顾者之间的联系发展有显著影响,人与其他哺乳动物物种之间的联系比例更高,人与鱼类或爬行动物之间的联系百分比较小。年龄、性别或从业年限等个人识别因素与人际关系发展没有任何显著相关性。此外,养宠物也不是照顾者与动物关系的预测因素,尽管之前与动物关系有关的经历确实表明有发展关系的趋势。总体而言,接受调查的照顾者同意关于人与动物关系及其在促进动物更好福利方面的作用的积极说法。了解动物看护人和他们负责的动物之间的共同纽带,对于培养考虑人与动物之间关系重要性的工作场所,以及积极感知的纽带对两者都有实际好处至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus) Behavioral Events Observed During Aerial Surveys in the New York Bight, 2017-2020 2017-2020年纽约海域航测抹香鲸(Physeter macrocephalus)行为观察
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.3.2023.308
Ann M. Zoidis, K. Lomac-MacNair, Megan K. Blees, Meghan E. Rickard
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引用次数: 0
New Record of California Coastal Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Offshore Waters 加利福尼亚近海宽吻海豚新记录
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.3.2023.241
Marc A. Webber, W. Keener, Amanda C. Spears, Mark P. Cotter, Rebekah S. Lane, Alison R. Payne, T. Markowitz
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引用次数: 0
Parturition and Nursing Events in a Cephalic Birth of a False Killer Whale (Pseudorca crassidens) in Managed Care 一头假杀人鲸(Pseudorca crassidens)在管理护理中产下的分娩和护理事件
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.3.2023.217
Suguru Higa, Yuuta Mitani, Shunya Ikeshima, Nozomi Kobayashi, K. Ueda, Isao Kawazu
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引用次数: 0
Molecular Identification of a Southern Elephant Seal (Mirounga leonina) from the Nayarit Coast, Mexico 墨西哥纳亚里特海岸南象海豹的分子鉴定
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.3.2023.248
Patricia Cerrillo-Espinosa, Roberto Moncada-Cooley, M. E. Guerrero-Ruíz, Anthony C. Fregoso-Estrada, Daniel Aguirre-Ayala, J. Gallo‐Reynoso, Liliana A. González-Hernández
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引用次数: 0
Arabian Sea Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) Singing Activity off Netrani Island, India 印度内特拉尼岛附近的阿拉伯海座头鲸歌唱活动
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.3.2023.223
Maia L. D’Souza, Isha Bopardikar, D. Sutaria, H. Klinck
Arabian Sea humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), listed as “Endangered” on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List, remain resident throughout the year in the waters of the Arabian Sea and constitute a genetically isolated population. In the eastern Arabian Sea, information on humpback whales off the Indian coast has largely been limited to stranding records, local ecological knowledge, and opportunistic visual sighting data. These data, along with information from a long-term study off Oman, suggest that humpback whales migrate across the Arabian Sea into Indian territorial waters from October to March. To study the presence of Arabian Sea humpback whales in Indian waters more comprehensively, passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) was initiated along the west coast of India in 2019. Male humpback whales produce complex songs with a stereotyped structure; these songs are shared within a population, and song patterns are known to evolve progressively over time. In this article, a structural analysis of humpback whale song recorded over four days off the coast of Netrani Island, Karnataka, India, in December 2019 is presented. Time-frequency features of 2,641 individual call units were analysed. Call units had a fundamental frequency bandwidth ranging from 149.98 to 541.65 Hz, with a duration ranging from 1.19 to 5.5 s. The call units were used to identify phrases and themes required to construct the structure of the song, which can potentially help identify the population to which singing individuals belong. This study indicates the need for a long-term PAM program across the Arabian Sea to compare whale songs across the region. Simultaneous recordings over multiple seasons will best assess population connectivity, seasonal occurrence, and movement patterns within and between populations across the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean.
阿拉伯海座头鲸(Megaptera novaeangliae)被国际自然保护联盟(International Union for Conservation of Nature)的红色名录列为“濒危”物种,常年居住在阿拉伯海水域,是一个基因孤立的种群。在阿拉伯海东部,关于印度海岸座头鲸的信息在很大程度上仅限于搁浅记录、当地生态知识和机会视觉观测数据。这些数据,以及阿曼海域一项长期研究的信息表明,座头鲸在10月至3月期间穿越阿拉伯海迁移到印度领海。为了更全面地研究阿拉伯海座头鲸在印度水域的存在,2019年在印度西海岸启动了被动声学监测(PAM)。雄性座头鲸会发出结构刻板的复杂歌声;这些歌曲在一个群体中是共享的,并且已知歌曲模式会随着时间的推移而逐渐演变。本文对2019年12月在印度卡纳塔克邦Netrani岛海岸四天内记录的座头鲸歌声进行了结构分析。分析了2641个单独呼叫单元的时频特征。呼叫单元的基频带宽在149.98到541.65赫兹之间,持续时间在1.19到5.5秒之间。呼叫单元用于识别构建歌曲结构所需的短语和主题,这可能有助于识别唱歌个体所属的群体。这项研究表明,需要在阿拉伯海开展一项长期的PAM计划,以比较该地区的鲸鱼歌声。多个季节的同时记录将最好地评估阿拉伯海和印度洋人口的连通性、季节性发生以及人口内部和之间的流动模式。
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引用次数: 0
Curly Tails: Rare Occurrence of Bent Flukes in Free-Ranging Cetaceans 卷尾:在自由放养的鲸类动物中很少出现弯曲的吸虫
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.3.2023.274
Macarena Santos-Carvallo, Frederick Toro, M. J. Pérez‐Álvarez, M. Sepúlveda, Jonathan González
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引用次数: 0
First Sighting of Longman’s Beaked Whale (Indopacetus pacificus) off the Chichijima Islands, Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan 在日本小笠原(博宁)群岛的七岛群岛外首次看到龙目有喙鲸(Indopactus pacificus)
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.3.2023.282
Koki Tsujii, K. Mori, Masaru Suzuki, Y. Tsumaki
Ogasawara Whale Watching Association, Aza Higashimachi, Chichijima, Ogasawara-mura, Tokyo, 100-2101, Japan E-mail: tsujii@owa1989.com Teikyo University of Science, 2525 Yatsusawa, Uenohara, Yamanashi, 409-0193, Japan Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan Kyoichi Mori died on 15 June 2022. This is one of his most recent works.
小笠原观鲸协会,东岸阿扎,小笠原村,东京,100-2101,日本E-mail: tsujii@owa1989.com帝京理学院,2525,Yatsusawa,上野原,山奈县,409-0193,日本山县大学机械系统工程系,4-3-16,Yonezawa,山县,992-8510,日本这是他最近的作品之一。
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引用次数: 0
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Aquatic Mammals
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