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Synchronous Swimming and Diving Behaviour in a Group of Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus) 一群长须鲸(Balaenoptera physalus)的同步游泳和潜水行为
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.1.2023.87
Anik Boileau, Jonathan Blais, Larry D. Mercier, M. Desmarchelier, Jamie Ahloy-Dallaire
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引用次数: 0
Orcas (Orcinus orca) Use Different Strategies to Prey on Rays in the Gulf of California 在加利福尼亚湾,逆戟鲸(Orcinus orca)使用不同的策略捕食鳐鱼
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.1.2023.7
Jesús Erick Higuera-Rivas, E. M. Hoyos-Padilla, F. Elorriaga-Verplancken, Hiram Rosales‐Nanduca, Rick Rosenthal, J. Urbán R.
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引用次数: 1
Records of Postmortem Attentive Behavior on an Irrawaddy Dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) Calf and Implications for Conservation in Kuching Bay, Sarawak, East Malaysia 东马来西亚沙捞越古晋湾伊洛瓦底海豚幼崽的死后细心行为记录及其保护意义
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.1.2023.44
Cindy Peter, G. Minton, Anna Norliza Zulkifli Poh, Ann Jie Goh, A. Tuen, Samuel Kiyui, M. Van Bressem, O. B. Tisen
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引用次数: 1
Purposeful Porpoise Training at Fjord&Bælt: The First 25 Years 在Fjord&Bælt进行有目的的海豚训练:最初的25年
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.1.2023.104
M. Wahlberg, M. Amundin, Kirstin Anderson Hansen, Søren Hechmann Andersen, Marie-Anne Blanchet, Sabrina Brando, A. Buhl, G. Desportes, Sabina Fobian Hansen, C. Lockyer, Lee A. Miller, Marianne Rasmussen, U. Siebert, Mette Thybo
During the past 25 years
过去25年
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引用次数: 0
Variability of Echolocation Clicks in Beluga Whales (Delphinapterus leucas) Within Shallow Waters 浅水区白鲸回声定位声的变异性
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.1.2023.62
Zhongchang Song, T. A. Mooney, L. Quakenbush, R. Hobbs, E. Gaglione, C. Goertz, M. Castellote
While echolocation is vital to the sensory ecology of odontocetes, we have few data characterizing the signals of most species, limiting our understanding of key attributes of these animals, especially for those with a diverse range of habitats. Beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) have successfully overcome the pressures of living in both shallow and deep open water habitats. We characterized the echolocation clicks of 13 wild beluga whales during temporary capture-and-release events in Bristol Bay, Alaska (USA). We extracted and examined 556 high-quality clicks from approximately 22 hours of recordings. As a group, the duration (41.1 ± 17.3 µs; mean ± SD), peak frequency (97.9 ± 34.4 kHz), centroid frequency (101.9 ± 23.9 kHz), -3 dB bandwidth (29.1 ± 14.4 kHz), -10 dB bandwidth (67.7 ± 31.8 kHz), and root mean square (RMS) bandwidth (27.8 ± 8.1 kHz) were assessed. These are the first on-axis data from wild belugas in their natural shallow water habitat within 1 m. Beluga whales emit clicks with high frequency and high source level in extremely shallow waters regardless of the potential strong reverberations and clutter. These results provide a foundation for future studies on how this species manipulates its sonar to successfully operate in acoustically challenging shallow waters.
虽然回声定位对齿螈的感官生态至关重要,但我们对大多数物种的信号特征的数据很少,这限制了我们对这些动物关键属性的理解,特别是对那些栖息地多样化的动物。白鲸(Delphinapterus leucas)已经成功地克服了生活在浅水和深水开放水域栖息地的压力。在美国阿拉斯加布里斯托尔湾,我们对13只野生白鲸在临时捕获和释放事件中的回声定位咔嚓声进行了表征。我们从大约22小时的录音中提取并检查了556次高质量的点击。作为一个组,持续时间(41.1±17.3µs;平均±SD)、峰值频率(97.9±34.4 kHz)、质心频率(101.9±23.9 kHz)、-3 dB带宽(29.1±14.4 kHz)、-10 dB带宽(67.7±31.8 kHz)和均方根(RMS)带宽(27.8±8.1 kHz)进行评估。这是野生白鲸在其自然浅水栖息地1米范围内的第一个轴上数据。白鲸在极浅的水域发出高频率和高来源水平的咔嚓声,而不顾潜在的强烈回响和杂乱。这些结果为未来研究该物种如何操纵其声纳在具有声学挑战性的浅水中成功操作提供了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the Use of Diazepam in Stranded Dolphins and Porpoises for Husbandry and Veterinary Purposes 用于饲养和兽医目的的搁浅海豚和海豚使用安定的评估
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.1.2023.94
R. Kastelein, Martin J. Bakker, N. Jennings, Jennifer Covi-Dijkhuizen
We evaluated the use of diazepam (Valium®) during the rehabilitation of odontocetes (dolphins and porpoises) to facilitate husbandry and for veterinary purposes, by analyzing detailed records from a period of 14 years of the treatment of 16 stranded individuals: harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris), a common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), and a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba). Diazepam was used occasionally (once per case or for a few days at a time) to facilitate husbandry, including for managing stressful and transitional circumstances and during transport. It was also used occasionally (once per case) for veterinary purposes, such as to reduce stress or to facilitate x-ray scanning, gastroscopy, blood sampling, or wound treatment. Diazepam was found to be effective as an anti-anxiety drug, to cause drowsiness (i.e., reduce activity levels), as a muscle relaxant, and as an appetite stimulant. The doses used were similar for husbandry and veterinary purposes (0.03 to 0.44 mg/kg body weight), and the drug was administered almost exclusively orally (via fish) or via intramuscular injection.
我们通过分析16只搁浅个体14年治疗的详细记录,评估了在牙冠(海豚和鼠海豚)康复过程中使用安定(安定®)以促进饲养和兽医目的:港湾鼠海豚(Phocoena Phocoena)、白喙海豚(Lagenorhynchus albirostris)、一种常见的海豚(Delphinus delphis),和条纹海豚(Stenella coeruleoalba)。安定偶尔使用(每例一次或一次使用几天),以促进畜牧业,包括管理压力和过渡环境以及运输过程中。它也偶尔用于兽医目的(每例一次),例如减轻压力或促进x射线扫描、胃镜检查、血液采样或伤口治疗。地西泮被发现是一种有效的抗焦虑药物,能引起嗜睡(即降低活动水平),是一种肌肉松弛剂,也是一种食欲兴奋剂。用于畜牧和兽医目的的剂量相似(0.03至0.44 mg/kg体重),该药物几乎完全通过口服(通过鱼类)或肌肉注射给药。
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引用次数: 0
Herd Size Dynamics and Observations on the Natural History of Dugongs (Dugong dugon) in the Andaman Islands, India 印度安达曼群岛儒艮(Dugong dugon)种群大小动态及自然史观察
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.1.2023.53
Swapnali Gole, Sumitra Prajapati, Nehru Prabakaran, J. A. Johnson, K. Sivakumar
In the last four decades, dugong (Dugong dugon) aggregations have been rarely reported from the geographically isolated, vast seascape of the Andaman Islands, India. The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, hunting, coastal development, and habitat loss are the major causes of this change in the social system of dugongs in the Andaman Islands. Our long-term monitoring study (2017 to 2022) reveals a changing trend in aggregating behaviour of dugongs. In an inclusive, collaborative effort, we engaged multiple stakeholders using two approaches: (1) creating a spatially spread citizen science network targeting sea-faring agencies—the fishers, forest department, SCUBA divers, and defence bodies (Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard); and (2) conducting standardized questionnaire surveys (UNEP/CMS) with fishers. Our approach yielded reports of 63 herd sightings of dugongs from the Andaman archipelago. The fishers reported 73.01% of the sightings, followed by the defence bodies (20.63%), forest department (3.18%), and SCUBA divers (3.18%). Smaller herds in our study comprised three to six individuals, with a social structure of “adults only” and “adult–calf.” The larger herds of seven to 13 individuals included an “adult–calf” combination with a greater number of adults accompanying two to three calves. More than 95% of these herd occurrences were reported from sheltered, coastal waters with resource concentrations (large seagrass meadows). Further, we present novel dugong occurrence reports from data-deficient regions like the Jarawa Tribal Reserve and the North Sentinel Island, along with dugong occurrences from Little Andaman, where the population was speculated to be locally extinct after the 2004 tsunami. These findings strongly advocate the involvement of multiple stakeholders as a cost-effective approach to monitoring the distribution and population of dugongs in larger seascapes like the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Moreover, such an approach would be critical for sensitizing the local stakeholders regarding the conservation and management of large marine mammals such as dugongs.
在过去的四十年里,儒艮(dugong dugon)聚集在印度安达曼群岛地理孤立、广阔的海景上的报道很少。2004年的印度洋海啸、狩猎、海岸开发和栖息地丧失是安达曼群岛儒艮社会系统发生变化的主要原因。我们的长期监测研究(2017年至2022年)揭示了儒艮聚集行为的变化趋势。在一项包容性的合作努力中,我们使用两种方法让多个利益相关者参与进来:(1)创建一个空间分布的公民科学网络,目标是航海机构——渔民、林业部门、SCUBA潜水员和国防机构(印度海军和印度海岸警卫队);(2)对渔民进行标准化问卷调查。我们的方法报告了来自安达曼群岛的63只儒艮群体目击事件。渔民报告了73.01%的目击事件,其次是国防机构(20.63%)、林业部门(3.18%)和SCUBA潜水员(3.18%。由7至13只个体组成的大型畜群包括“成年-小牛”组合,更多的成年畜群伴随着2至3只小牛。据报道,95%以上的群体发生在资源集中的有遮蔽的沿海水域(大型海草草地)。此外,我们还提供了来自Jarawa部落保护区和北哨兵岛等数据不足地区的新儒艮出现报告,以及来自小安达曼的儒艮发生报告,据推测,2004年海啸后,小安达曼地区的儒艮种群在当地灭绝。这些发现强烈主张多个利益相关者的参与,作为监测安达曼群岛和尼科巴群岛等大型海景中儒艮分布和种群的一种具有成本效益的方法。此外,这种方法对于提高当地利益攸关方对儒艮等大型海洋哺乳动物的保护和管理的认识至关重要。
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引用次数: 1
First Observations of Cooperative Circle Feeding in Southern Right Whales (Eubalaena australis) 南方露脊鲸(Eubalaena australis)合作环食性的首次观察
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.1.2023.1
María Belén Argüelles, C. Fiorito, M. Coscarella, A. Fazio, M. Bertellotti
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引用次数: 0
The Introduction of a Novel Computerized Apparatus to California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) 加利福尼亚海狮(Zalophus californianus)的新计算机化装置
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.1.2023.73
Kelley A. Winship, Amber Ramos, Mark J. Xitco, Jr.
The use of technology in laboratory and zoological settings has provided opportunities for advancement of cognition research as well as cognitive enrichment in a variety of species. Such systems have been successfully created for nonhuman primates and introduced to other anatomically and physiologically diverse species such as bears and tortoises. However, such systems have yet to be used with frequency in aquatic species given the challenge of incorporating accessible technology in such a setting. Herein, we report the successful creation and implementation of a novel manipulatable computerized system with California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) housed in outdoor sea pens. The Enclosure Video Enrichment (EVE) system was created and provided to three adult male sea lions living at the U.S. Navy’s Marine Mammal Program. The interface was modified from those used with other species to accommodate the anatomical and physiological differences of the study subjects. Training procedures were adapted from those successfully used with nonhuman primates to emphasize successive learning approximations. Each of the sea lions introduced to EVE successfully learned to engage with the system at differing rates over the course of a year and a half. While each showed significant differences in interaction style (e.g., number of button presses), all were able to achieve the same criterion for acquisition. This system is the first recorded success in providing a technological means to test cognition in California sea lions through an animal-manipulated interface and has the potential to function as a form of cognitive enrichment in this species.
技术在实验室和动物环境中的应用为认知研究的进步以及各种物种的认知丰富提供了机会。这种系统已经成功地为非人类灵长类动物创建,并被引入其他解剖和生理上不同的物种,如熊和陆龟。然而,鉴于在这种环境中引入可获得的技术的挑战,这种系统尚未在水生物种中频繁使用。在此,我们报告了一个新的可操作计算机系统的成功创建和实施,该系统将加利福尼亚海狮(Zalophus californianus)安置在户外海围栏中。创建了外壳视频浓缩(EVE)系统,并将其提供给生活在美国海军海洋哺乳动物计划中的三只成年雄性海狮。该界面从与其他物种一起使用的界面进行了修改,以适应研究对象的解剖和生理差异。训练程序改编自那些成功用于非人类灵长类动物的程序,以强调连续的学习近似。在一年半的时间里,每只被引入EVE的海狮都成功地学会了以不同的速度与系统互动。虽然每个人在互动风格(例如按下按钮的次数)上都表现出显著差异,但所有人都能够达到相同的获取标准。该系统首次成功提供了一种技术手段,通过动物操纵的界面测试加州海狮的认知能力,并有可能成为该物种认知丰富的一种形式。
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引用次数: 3
Northern Range Expansion of California Coastal Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) 加利福尼亚沿海宽吻海豚(Tursiops truncatus)的北部范围扩张
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.1578/am.49.1.2023.29
W. Keener, Marc A. Webber, T. Markowitz, Mark P. Cotter, Daniela Maldini, R. H. Defran, M. Rice, Amanda J. Debich, A. Lang, D. L. Kelly, Alex G. Kesaris, M. Bearzi, K. Causey, David Anderson, Laurie Shuster, D. Weller
The California coastal stock of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) expanded its range north from the Southern California Bight, its historical range, into Central California coincident with the 1982-1983 El Niño event. Since the late 1980s, bottlenose dolphin sightings north of Central California have been increasingly reported. To determine the present-day northern range limit for these dolphins, photo-identification efforts were carried out from 2007 to 2018 in San Francisco Bay and nearby coastal waters during which 84 individuals were identified. The results demonstrate a significant range expansion along the Northern California coast at least as far as Sonoma County (38.7º N). Comparisons with photo-identification catalogs compiled south of San Francisco from 1981 to 2015 revealed that 92% of the 84 dolphins were matched to Monterey Bay (n = 77), Santa Barbara (n = 27), Santa Monica Bay (n = 29), Orange County (n = 9), Corona Del Mar (n = 2), San Diego (n = 31), and Ensenada, Mexico (n = 1). Many of the 84 dolphins (54%) showed long-range movements across the stock’s range between the Southern California Bight and the San Francisco Bay Area. The greatest movement distance recorded was by two individuals first observed in San Diego, California, in the 1980s and subsequently in Puget Sound, Washington (47º N), in 2017, setting a coastal bottlenose dolphin long-distance movement record of at least 2,500 km.
加利福尼亚海岸宽吻海豚(Tursiops truncatus)的种群从其历史范围的南加州湾向北扩展到加利福尼亚中部,与1982-1983年的El Niño事件一致。自20世纪80年代末以来,在加州中部北部看到宽吻海豚的报道越来越多。为了确定这些海豚目前的北部活动范围,从2007年到2018年,在旧金山湾和附近的沿海水域进行了照片识别工作,其间识别了84只海豚。结果表明,北加州海岸的范围显著扩大,至少远至索诺玛县(38.7ºN)。与1981年至2015年在旧金山以南编制的照片识别目录进行比较,发现84只海豚中有92%与蒙特利湾(N = 77)、圣巴巴拉(N = 27)、圣莫尼卡湾(N = 29)、奥兰奥兰县(N = 9)、科罗纳德尔马(N = 2)、圣地亚哥(N = 31)和恩塞纳达相匹配。墨西哥(n = 1)。84只海豚中有许多(54%)在南加州湾和旧金山湾区之间的种群范围内进行了长距离运动。记录的最大移动距离是20世纪80年代在加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥首次观察到的两只个体,随后于2017年在华盛顿州的普吉特海湾(47ºN)观察到,创造了至少2500公里的沿海宽吻海豚长距离移动记录。
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引用次数: 1
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Aquatic Mammals
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