Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1353/ohh.2023.a912499
Sally K Francis, Dale E. Schmolinsky, Benedikt Schreiner, L. Allen Viehmeyer
Edited Letters Between Michael Hillegas and Jacob Kriebel1822–1840 Sally K Francis (bio), Dale E. Schmolinsky (bio), Benedikt Schreiner (bio), and L. Allen Viehmeyer (bio) This local history examines the struggles and triumphs of two nineteenth-century American families as described in 12 letters written between 1822 and 1840 and exchanged between Michael Hillegas and Jacob Kriebel, situating them as second-generation German immigrants and Ohio pioneers within the socioeconomic conditions of rural nineteenth-century Ohio and Pennsylvania. Land ownership and successful harvests were a focal point of each letter, attesting to the importance of location in these new lands. Topics of discussion found throughout the letters include: weather conditions, crops, livestock, family health, births, deaths, and religious issues. Additionally, some historical information is provided in each letter, such as canal construction and the presence of disease, namely cholera. Similar to many people who immigrated to North America in the early eighteenth century, the Kriebel and Yeakel (or Jäkel) ancestors of two of the authors of this article fled their homelands in Harpersdorf, Silesia (now Poland), and went to the estate of Count von Zinzendorf in Saxony, Germany. They were in search of religious freedom that had eluded them since the Protestant Reformation. In his 1904 memoirs, Adm. Winfield Schley observed, “The first [End Page 26] instinct for individual independence the world over has usually taken form in a defense of primitive faith, of right to pray in our own hearts in our own way.”1 The Yeakels followed the teachings of Caspar Schwenckfeld, a Silesian nobleman and radical reformer, who was born about 1489 and was thus a contemporary of Martin Luther who had been born six years earlier in 1483. Schwenckfeld was especially concerned about the interpretation of the Eucharist. Denying the real presence of Jesus in the bread and wine, he advocated a spiritual understanding of communion. In 1526 he suggested a cessation of the sacrament of communion until all reformers agreed on its interpretation and practice. Schwenckfeld was declared a heretic and spent the remainder of his life hiding in exile. In the 1720s, several hundred followers of Schwenckfeld still lived in Silesia (formerly Germany, now Poland). Under pressure to convert to Catholicism, they petitioned the emperor for religious tolerance but were unsuccessful. First, they fled to Saxony on foot, leaving behind most of their wealth such as looms, livestock, and homes because the journey was about 18 hours long. They remained on Count von Zinzendorf ’s estate in the village of Berthelsdorf, Saxony, for eight years, until they were forced out in the spring of 1734. Then they crossed the Atlantic Ocean on the St. Andrew and landed at the Philadelphia dock on September 22, 1734. Although they intended to settle together, they settled individually or in very small groups throughout what is now Montgomery
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Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1353/ohh.2023.a912502
R. Scott Hurd
Reviewed by: America’s Religious Crossroads: Faith and Community in the Emerging Midwest by Stephen T. Kissel R. Scott Hurd America’s Religious Crossroads: Faith and Community in the Emerging Midwest. Stephen T. Kissel. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2021. ISBN: 978-0-252-08627-4. 268 pp., paper, $28.00. Following the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, waves of European, Anglo, and African Americans settled in what by 1848 would become the states of Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota. These new arrivals established not only homesteads and settlements but also faith communities, which, according to author Stephen Kissel, had an outsized impact on shaping the region’s culture and society. The predominating Methodists, Presbyterians, Baptists, Roman Catholics, Quakers, and African Methodist Episcopalians, converged with adherents of the Rappite, Shaker, and Mormon utopian faiths, resulting in what Kissel describes as a “crossroads of religious activity” (2) during an era concurrent with the Second Great Awakening. These groups were not homogenous and at times coexisted in tension. Considered together, however, Kissel maintains that these disparate faith groups formed a beautiful “mosaic” that accelerated the region’s growth, stability, and cultural refinement. This mosaic can be seen by viewing the region’s history through a “religious lens of analysis,” (2) which Kissel argues is a growing trend among contemporary historians, constituting a “new wave of religious historiography” (xii). Previous historians of the antebellum Old Northwest, while not ignoring the presence of religious groups, had treated their societal contributions as peripheral. With his present volume, initially his doctoral dissertation, Kissel seeks to fill this gap in analysis, arriving at the following conclusion: “Organized religion facilitated many of the region’s earliest advances in literacy, formal education, civic and moral accountability, charitable public outreach, and social reform” (2). Kissel unfolds his thesis in six thematically focused chapters, beginning with how early settlers’ homes were centers of hospitality and worship, laying a “foundation for a potentially ecumenical and religiously tolerant society” (30). Publication and distribution of religious tracts and bibles, especially by [End Page 110] circuit-riding preachers, fostered a regional literacy boom. The establishment of Sunday schools, seminaries, and religious colleges dominated the region’s educational infrastructure and offered a religion-based pedagogy. The erection of churches swelled civic pride, revivals fostered religious enthusiasm and social connections, and church bells marked time, offered warnings, and announced celebrations. Through Articles of Faith and Rules of Decorum, local congregations shaped communities’ moral behavior and dispensed justice before the permanent establishment of civil courts. And church-sponsored benevolent societies and
《美国的宗教十字路口:新兴中西部的信仰与社区》作者:Stephen T. Kissel R. Scott Hurd斯蒂芬·t·基塞尔。厄巴纳-香槟:伊利诺伊大学出版社，2021年。ISBN: 978-0-252-08627-4。268页，纸质版，28.00美元。根据1787年的《西北法令》，大批欧洲人、盎格鲁人和非洲裔美国人在1848年成为印第安纳州、俄亥俄州、伊利诺伊州、密歇根州、威斯康星州和明尼苏达州的部分地区定居。这些新移民不仅建立了家园和定居点，还建立了信仰社区，据作家斯蒂芬·基塞尔(Stephen Kissel)说，这对塑造该地区的文化和社会产生了巨大的影响。占主导地位的卫理公会教徒、长老会教徒、浸信会教徒、罗马天主教徒、教友会教徒和非洲卫理公会圣公会教徒，与拉皮派教徒、震教徒和摩门教乌托邦信仰的信徒融合在一起，形成了基塞尔所描述的“宗教活动的十字路口”(2)，这一时期与第二次大觉醒同时发生。这些群体不是同质的，有时在紧张中共存。然而，基塞尔认为，综合考虑，这些不同的信仰团体形成了一幅美丽的“马赛克”，加速了该地区的增长、稳定和文化的完善。这种马赛克可以通过“宗教分析镜头”来观察该地区的历史(2)，Kissel认为这是当代历史学家中日益增长的趋势，构成了“宗教史学的新浪潮”(12)。战前旧西北的历史学家虽然没有忽视宗教团体的存在，但将他们的社会贡献视为边缘。与他目前的卷，最初他的博士论文，基塞尔试图填补这一差距在分析，达到以下结论:“有组织的宗教促进了该地区在扫盲、正规教育、公民和道德责任、慈善公共宣传和社会改革方面的许多早期进步”(2)。基塞尔用六个主题集中的章节展开了他的论文，从早期定居者的家园是如何成为好客和礼拜的中心开始，奠定了“一个潜在的大同和宗教宽容社会的基础”(30)。宗教小册子和《圣经》的出版和分发，特别是由巡回布道的传教士，促进了地区扫盲热潮。主日学校、神学院和宗教学院的建立主导了该地区的教育基础设施，并提供了一种以宗教为基础的教学法。教堂的建立增强了公民的自豪感，复兴促进了宗教热情和社会联系，教堂的钟声标志着时间，发出警告，并宣布庆祝活动。通过《信仰条款》和《礼仪规则》，地方教会塑造了社区的道德行为，并在常设民事法庭建立之前伸张正义。教会赞助的慈善协会和改革运动促进了社会福利，提倡节制和禁止奴隶制。然而，基塞尔的叙述并不都是正面的。该地区的大多数教堂、复兴会和宗教赞助的学校都是隔离的，不包括印第安人和黑人。虽然奴隶制在西北地区是非法的，但反废奴主义者的情绪很强烈，有时甚至是暴力的，只有贵格会教徒例外。反天主教传单助长了偏见，新教的赞美诗和祈祷在新兴的公共或“普通”学校导致天主教徒建立自己的学校。Rappities, Shakers和摩门教徒的宗教排外乌托邦社区被外人认为是粗鲁和自以为是的，造成了一种敌对的气氛，导致rappiites和摩门教徒在这个时代结束时离开了这个地区。Kissel总结说，在这个宗教十字路口，这些动态的净效应是“培养了一种主要植根于农村中产阶级和基督教价值观的中西部地区特征——这些特征在许多方面继续定义着今天的地区”(147)。基塞尔明确表示，这些基督教价值观也是他自己的价值观。每一章的开头都有一节说明性的圣经经文。他说，他个人受到了该地区巡回传教士的遗产的启发，这本书本身是献给他的父母的，他们向他灌输了“一种深刻而持久的信仰”。有时候，基塞尔作家的声音听起来有点像道歉，而不是学术。看来，他的书既是一本学术论文，也是一本热爱的作品。虽然他现在在一所浸会大学任教，但基塞尔在圣路易斯大学获得了博士学位——耶稣会士、天主教徒……
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Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1353/ohh.2023.a912500
Chad S. Seifried, Benjamin Downs, Khirey Walker
College Football Grounds at Ohio UniversityThe Development of a Social Anchor Chad S. Seifried (bio), Benjamin Downs (bio), and Khirey Walker (bio) Located near the northern bank of the Hocking River, Peden Stadium at Ohio University (OU) received recognition in 2009 as a historical site by the Ohio Historical Society. In that declaration, Peden Stadium, located in Athens, Ohio, was recognized as the “oldest of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) stadiums and one of the oldest of its type in the country.” Opening originally as the Ohio University Athletic Plant in 1929, Peden Stadium was renamed in 1960 to honor former football and baseball head coach and athletic director Don Peden, who worked at the university from 1924 until his retirement in 1949.1 Since its opening, Peden Stadium received many notable renovations inspired by both university and external stakeholders. For instance, the most recent major renovation to Peden Stadium was completed in 2018 when the Perry and Sandy Sook Academic Center opened. Designed by MSA Sport (Cincinnati), the Sook Center cost $7 million to complete and offers classroom space, a computer lab, meeting rooms, and offices for staff who support approximately 425 student-athletes and other student groups that use the facility. For stadium attendees, the Sook Center also adds to the gameday experience by offering new, high quality concession stands, additional restrooms, and other fan and/or hospitality services, such as club space and a reception room.2 [End Page 68] Of note, the Sook Center was constructed in partial fulfillment of Ohio University’s “The Promise Campaign,” which importantly sought to raise $450 million for university students and faculty. OU committed to the Sook Center because their own self-study suggested they were deficient in offering academic space to their student-athletes and that fan amenities were lacking in comparison to contemporary facilities provided by MAC peers. The university believed strongly in a report issued by the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (NCAA) Committee on Academics, which communicated that the emergence of academic centers leads to higher rates of retention, graduation, and overall academic performance.3 Over time, the construction and subsequent renovation of Peden Stadium through 2018 helped establish the facility as a legitimate and significant social anchor for the campus, region, and university fan nation.4 As a social anchor, Peden Stadium supports its fan nation through cultural activities, such as tail-gating, celebrating, and initiating social dialogue, which in turn help to create, promote, or maintain “social capital, identity (group or individual), and/or social networks.” Sport stadia like Peden Stadium can achieve that status because they often generate interaction. In essence, sport stadia “connect entire communities and . . . provide stability for future development, recruitment, and maintenance of communities or fan nations.”5 Stadia can
俄亥俄大学的大学足球场社会主播的发展Chad S. Seifried(生物)，Benjamin Downs(生物)和Khirey Walker(生物)位于霍金河北岸附近，俄亥俄大学(OU)的Peden体育场于2009年被俄亥俄州历史学会认定为历史遗址。在该宣言中，位于俄亥俄州雅典的Peden体育场被认为是“中美洲会议(MAC)体育场中最古老的，也是该国最古老的体育场之一。”佩登体育场最初于1929年作为俄亥俄大学体育工厂开放，于1960年更名，以纪念前足球和棒球主教练兼体育总监唐·佩登，他从1924年开始在大学工作，直到1949年退休。自开放以来，佩登体育场受到大学和外部利益相关者的启发，进行了许多着名的翻新。例如，佩登体育场最近的一次重大翻新是在2018年完成的，当时佩里和桑迪·苏克学术中心开放。Sook中心由MSA Sport(辛辛那提)设计，耗资700万美元完成，提供教室空间、计算机实验室、会议室和办公室，为大约425名学生运动员和其他使用该设施的学生团体提供支持。对于体育场的观众来说，Sook中心还通过提供新的、高质量的特许摊位、额外的洗手间和其他球迷和/或接待服务，如俱乐部空间和接待室，增加了比赛日的体验。值得注意的是，Sook中心的建设部分是为了实现俄亥俄大学的“承诺运动”，该运动旨在为大学生和教师筹集4.5亿美元。OU之所以选择Sook中心，是因为他们自己的研究表明，他们在为学生运动员提供学术空间方面存在不足，而且与MAC同行提供的现代设施相比，球迷设施也不足。大学坚信全国大学体育协会学术委员会发布的一份报告，该报告传达了学术中心的出现导致更高的保留率，毕业率和整体学术表现随着时间的推移，到2018年，Peden体育场的建设和随后的翻新帮助该设施成为校园、地区和大学球迷国家的合法和重要的社会支柱作为一个社会锚，Peden体育场通过文化活动来支持其球迷国家，例如尾门，庆祝和发起社会对话，这反过来有助于创造，促进或维持“社会资本，身份(群体或个人)和/或社会网络”。像Peden体育场这样的体育场馆可以达到这种状态，因为它们经常产生互动。从本质上讲，体育场馆“连接了整个社区和……为社区或粉丝国的未来发展、招募和维护提供稳定性。体育场馆也可以成为社交锚，因为学生、场所或组织往往会因为场馆所提供的令人难忘和互动的特点，而通过场所依恋而感到自豪和认同在体育场馆内，各种各样的个人和团体经常同时从事多种活动，为这些建筑内的人们提供怀旧的情感和最终可以产生社会资本的实用知识其次，个体和群体之间的情感联系是通过相互作用的过去和相互作用的潜力建立起来的。互动的过去包括有意义的、真实的或虚拟的与地点、人、事件或在那里发生的活动的经历。互动潜能包括通过未决事件和活动将想象或预期的经验与他人联系起来以开放大学为例，学生和活动、校友以及俄亥俄州雅典市社区之间的联系可以通过足球场形成。最后，Peden体育场是该地区、学校和球迷国家的独特社会锚的概念可以进一步得到证实，因为该体育场在俄亥俄大学视频和校园游览、雅典县旅游视频以及俄亥俄大学足球比赛的定期广播中出现的次数，不仅针对当地，而且经常面向全国的观众为了更好地理解体育设施可以成为社会锚的主张，本研究回顾了佩登体育场的发展，并探讨了以前的足球…
{"title":"College Football Grounds at Ohio University: The Development of a Social Anchor","authors":"Chad S. Seifried, Benjamin Downs, Khirey Walker","doi":"10.1353/ohh.2023.a912500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ohh.2023.a912500","url":null,"abstract":"College Football Grounds at Ohio UniversityThe Development of a Social Anchor Chad S. Seifried (bio), Benjamin Downs (bio), and Khirey Walker (bio) Located near the northern bank of the Hocking River, Peden Stadium at Ohio University (OU) received recognition in 2009 as a historical site by the Ohio Historical Society. In that declaration, Peden Stadium, located in Athens, Ohio, was recognized as the “oldest of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) stadiums and one of the oldest of its type in the country.” Opening originally as the Ohio University Athletic Plant in 1929, Peden Stadium was renamed in 1960 to honor former football and baseball head coach and athletic director Don Peden, who worked at the university from 1924 until his retirement in 1949.1 Since its opening, Peden Stadium received many notable renovations inspired by both university and external stakeholders. For instance, the most recent major renovation to Peden Stadium was completed in 2018 when the Perry and Sandy Sook Academic Center opened. Designed by MSA Sport (Cincinnati), the Sook Center cost $7 million to complete and offers classroom space, a computer lab, meeting rooms, and offices for staff who support approximately 425 student-athletes and other student groups that use the facility. For stadium attendees, the Sook Center also adds to the gameday experience by offering new, high quality concession stands, additional restrooms, and other fan and/or hospitality services, such as club space and a reception room.2 [End Page 68] Of note, the Sook Center was constructed in partial fulfillment of Ohio University’s “The Promise Campaign,” which importantly sought to raise $450 million for university students and faculty. OU committed to the Sook Center because their own self-study suggested they were deficient in offering academic space to their student-athletes and that fan amenities were lacking in comparison to contemporary facilities provided by MAC peers. The university believed strongly in a report issued by the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (NCAA) Committee on Academics, which communicated that the emergence of academic centers leads to higher rates of retention, graduation, and overall academic performance.3 Over time, the construction and subsequent renovation of Peden Stadium through 2018 helped establish the facility as a legitimate and significant social anchor for the campus, region, and university fan nation.4 As a social anchor, Peden Stadium supports its fan nation through cultural activities, such as tail-gating, celebrating, and initiating social dialogue, which in turn help to create, promote, or maintain “social capital, identity (group or individual), and/or social networks.” Sport stadia like Peden Stadium can achieve that status because they often generate interaction. In essence, sport stadia “connect entire communities and . . . provide stability for future development, recruitment, and maintenance of communities or fan nations.”5 Stadia can ","PeriodicalId":82217,"journal":{"name":"Ohio history","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1353/ohh.2023.a912498
Elisabeth C. Davis
“Back under the Jurisdiction of the Rev. Provincial”The Dominican Sisters and the Limitations of Female Agency in the Nineteenth-Century Catholic Church in the Midwest Elisabeth C. Davis (bio) Introduction In 1864, Alexandre Jandel, the master general of the Order of St. Dominic (a Catholic religious order), wrote a letter to the Dominican Sisters of St. Catharine in Ohio and Kentucky informing them that they were no longer under the jurisdiction of the American leader of the Order of St. Dominic, the provincial,1 but were now under the authority of the local bishops, diocesan congregations.2 The Sisters responded, requesting to be placed “back under the jurisdiction of the Rev. Provincial.”3 To them, becoming diocesan communities meant that they might lose their places within the international Dominican community; moreover, they feared that their position under Episcopal leadership would possibly limit their autonomy within the local dioceses and allow for various abuses of power by the diocesan clergy. Despite the feeling that Jandel’s proclamation had been abrupt, the question of who had authority over the Sisters had been an ongoing debate since their origins in antebellum America.4 Founded by American women, the Kentucky and Ohio Dominican Sisters [End Page 9] of St. Catharine faced an uncertain future from their inception. Within the first four decades of their existence, the clergy nearly disbanded the Sisters multiple times as these women struggled to find their place within the international and American communities. This article examines two such moments: the possible dissolution of the Sisters by Raphael Muños, a Dominican friar, and their placement under the diocesan clergy by Alexandre Jandel, the leader of the international order. The Sisters actively took part within these conflicts navigating the various lines of authority and power within the nineteenth-century American Catholic Church. While the topic of nineteenth-century Catholic sisters’ agency has been well explored, it has not fully included the history of the Dominican Sisters.5 Perhaps the most analytical study of the Sisters is Margaret Hogan’s dissertation, “Sister Servants: Catholic Women Religious in Antebellum Kentucky.” Hogan’s work places the Dominican Sisters in conversation with other women religious, particularly the Loretto and the Sisters of Charity. Through her comparison, Hogan’s dissertation identifies themes for the life of women religious in Kentucky.6 This article places these local politics within the order in the context of larger debates over jurisdiction and authority. It explores the boundaries of [End Page 10] female agency and action within the expanding Catholic Church. In doing so, it adds to the vibrant historiography on nineteenth-century women religious, both in the American Catholic Church and the American Midwest. Origins and Key Terms The organization of the Order of St. Dominic (the Dominicans) is key to understanding the position of the
《回到省牧师的管辖之下》《多明尼加修女与19世纪中西部天主教会女性能力的局限》伊丽莎白·c·戴维斯(传记)引言1864年，圣多明尼加骑士团(天主教骑士团)总会长亚历山大·詹德尔，他写了一封信给俄亥俄州和肯塔基州的圣凯瑟琳多明尼加修女会，告诉她们她们不再受省圣多明尼加骑士团美国领袖的管辖，而是受当地主教教区的管辖修女们回应说，要求将她们“重新置于省牧师的管辖之下”。“3对他们来说，成为教区团体意味着他们可能失去在国际多明尼加团体中的地位;此外，他们担心他们在圣公会领导下的地位可能会限制他们在当地教区内的自主权，并允许教区神职人员滥用各种权力。尽管人们觉得詹德尔的声明有些唐兀，但自修女会起源于南北战争前的美国以来，谁有权管理修女会的问题一直是一个持续不断的争论。圣凯瑟琳的肯塔基和俄亥俄多明尼加修女会由美国妇女创立，从一开始就面临着不确定的未来。在她们存在的头四十年里，神职人员几乎多次解散姐妹会，因为这些女性努力在国际和美国社区中找到自己的位置。本文考察了两个这样的时刻:多米尼加修士拉斐尔Muños可能解散修女会，以及国际秩序领袖亚历山大·詹德尔将修女会置于教区神职人员之下。修女们积极参与这些冲突，在19世纪美国天主教会的各种权威和权力中穿行。虽然19世纪天主教修女的代理这个话题已经被很好地探讨过，但它并没有完全包括多米尼加修女会的历史。也许对修女会最具分析性的研究是玛格丽特·霍根的论文，“姐妹仆人:战前肯塔基州的天主教妇女”。霍根的工作将多明尼加修女会与其他女性宗教人士，特别是洛雷托修女会和慈善修女会进行对话。通过她的比较，霍根的论文确定了肯塔基州妇女宗教生活的主题。6本文将这些地方政治置于关于管辖权和权威的更大辩论的背景下。它探索了在不断扩大的天主教会中女性能动性和行动的界限。在这样做的过程中，它增加了对19世纪美国天主教会和美国中西部妇女宗教的充满活力的历史编纂。圣道明会(The Order of St. Dominic)的组织是理解道明会在19世纪美国地位的关键;必须指出的是，下面是对一个复杂的等级制度和历史的总结。自中世纪以来，妇女一直是多米尼加教团的一员。她们可能是第二修会(封闭的修女)或第三修会(平信徒)的成员根据中世纪的宪法，“修女是封闭的修女，她们许下庄严的誓言。第三支只发简单的誓言，不守圈地。第三个最初是打算. . . .适用于已婚和未婚住在家里的人。“8不论她们的头衔是什么，妇女都参加了多明尼加传教和教育的任务。第二和第三秩序之间的区别意味着治理、权威和管辖权的不同。根据13世纪最初的宪法，地方、地区和国际等级制之间必须保持平衡第二骑士团在历史上是由多米尼加总会长管辖的。这些妇女被认为是圣多米尼克骑士团的成员，受到当地神职人员的一定程度的保护。第三阶通常由当地主教管辖下的本地教友组成。这些外行妇女与多明尼加骑士团有联系，但处于边缘地位，从技术上讲，她们不受国际骑士团领袖总会长的管辖只有在某些情况下……
{"title":"“Back under the Jurisdiction of the Rev. Provincial”: The Dominican Sisters and the Limitations of Female Agency in the Nineteenth-Century Catholic Church in the Midwest","authors":"Elisabeth C. Davis","doi":"10.1353/ohh.2023.a912498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ohh.2023.a912498","url":null,"abstract":"“Back under the Jurisdiction of the Rev. Provincial”The Dominican Sisters and the Limitations of Female Agency in the Nineteenth-Century Catholic Church in the Midwest Elisabeth C. Davis (bio) Introduction In 1864, Alexandre Jandel, the master general of the Order of St. Dominic (a Catholic religious order), wrote a letter to the Dominican Sisters of St. Catharine in Ohio and Kentucky informing them that they were no longer under the jurisdiction of the American leader of the Order of St. Dominic, the provincial,1 but were now under the authority of the local bishops, diocesan congregations.2 The Sisters responded, requesting to be placed “back under the jurisdiction of the Rev. Provincial.”3 To them, becoming diocesan communities meant that they might lose their places within the international Dominican community; moreover, they feared that their position under Episcopal leadership would possibly limit their autonomy within the local dioceses and allow for various abuses of power by the diocesan clergy. Despite the feeling that Jandel’s proclamation had been abrupt, the question of who had authority over the Sisters had been an ongoing debate since their origins in antebellum America.4 Founded by American women, the Kentucky and Ohio Dominican Sisters [End Page 9] of St. Catharine faced an uncertain future from their inception. Within the first four decades of their existence, the clergy nearly disbanded the Sisters multiple times as these women struggled to find their place within the international and American communities. This article examines two such moments: the possible dissolution of the Sisters by Raphael Muños, a Dominican friar, and their placement under the diocesan clergy by Alexandre Jandel, the leader of the international order. The Sisters actively took part within these conflicts navigating the various lines of authority and power within the nineteenth-century American Catholic Church. While the topic of nineteenth-century Catholic sisters’ agency has been well explored, it has not fully included the history of the Dominican Sisters.5 Perhaps the most analytical study of the Sisters is Margaret Hogan’s dissertation, “Sister Servants: Catholic Women Religious in Antebellum Kentucky.” Hogan’s work places the Dominican Sisters in conversation with other women religious, particularly the Loretto and the Sisters of Charity. Through her comparison, Hogan’s dissertation identifies themes for the life of women religious in Kentucky.6 This article places these local politics within the order in the context of larger debates over jurisdiction and authority. It explores the boundaries of [End Page 10] female agency and action within the expanding Catholic Church. In doing so, it adds to the vibrant historiography on nineteenth-century women religious, both in the American Catholic Church and the American Midwest. Origins and Key Terms The organization of the Order of St. Dominic (the Dominicans) is key to understanding the position of the ","PeriodicalId":82217,"journal":{"name":"Ohio history","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fiftieth commemoration of the Kent State University shootings came and went within a context no one could have predicted: a global pandemic. Years of preparation for the event were turned on their head due to social-distancing protocols and the need to refrain from mass gatherings.1 Only weeks later, thousands of Americans marched in the streets protesting racial injustice in the wake of the murder of George Floyd.2 At the same time, small pockets of right-wing
{"title":"Dissent and Patriotism","authors":"Thomas Weyant","doi":"10.1353/ohh.0.0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ohh.0.0070","url":null,"abstract":"The fiftieth commemoration of the Kent State University shootings came and went within a context no one could have predicted: a global pandemic. Years of preparation for the event were turned on their head due to social-distancing protocols and the need to refrain from mass gatherings.1 Only weeks later, thousands of Americans marched in the streets protesting racial injustice in the wake of the murder of George Floyd.2 At the same time, small pockets of right-wing","PeriodicalId":82217,"journal":{"name":"Ohio history","volume":"129 1","pages":"53 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43790031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A decade following American publication of Charles Darwin’s The Origin of Species in 1860, a small, early core of volumes relevant to threaded themes of posited biophysical evolution and a vibrant new empirical science were starting to be available to settlers in the American Old Northwest. These titles, in company with intelligence disseminated in local newspapers and in public address, present an early view of what was to become an evolving climate of regional opinion. A dramatic arousal of public interest emerged finally into the semblance of a major American cultural debate.1 The emergence of numerous small stock and subscription libraries in the Old Northwest, intended to service the general reading of curious settlers, has been documented. An earnest solemnity, rooted in an ambiance of mission and ambition, became attached to the organization of these local reading and study societies and survives in some of their names: First Moral Library As-
{"title":"Darwin Comes to the Old Northwest","authors":"Stuart A. Stiffler","doi":"10.1353/ohh.0.0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ohh.0.0071","url":null,"abstract":"A decade following American publication of Charles Darwin’s The Origin of Species in 1860, a small, early core of volumes relevant to threaded themes of posited biophysical evolution and a vibrant new empirical science were starting to be available to settlers in the American Old Northwest. These titles, in company with intelligence disseminated in local newspapers and in public address, present an early view of what was to become an evolving climate of regional opinion. A dramatic arousal of public interest emerged finally into the semblance of a major American cultural debate.1 The emergence of numerous small stock and subscription libraries in the Old Northwest, intended to service the general reading of curious settlers, has been documented. An earnest solemnity, rooted in an ambiance of mission and ambition, became attached to the organization of these local reading and study societies and survives in some of their names: First Moral Library As-","PeriodicalId":82217,"journal":{"name":"Ohio history","volume":"129 1","pages":"82 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48904430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beyond Truman: Robert H. Ferrell and Crafting the Past by Douglas A. Dixon (review)","authors":"D. DeBlasio","doi":"10.1353/ohh.0.0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ohh.0.0074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82217,"journal":{"name":"Ohio history","volume":"129 1","pages":"125 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46352112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research Note: A Newly Uncovered Letter by Albion W. Tourgée on His Capture during the Civil War","authors":"Stephen E. Towne","doi":"10.1353/ohh.0.0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ohh.0.0072","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82217,"journal":{"name":"Ohio history","volume":"129 1","pages":"104 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45577449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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