Ohio history最新文献

{"title":"Growth and Symmetry of the Levator Veli Palatini Muscle Within the First Two Years of Life.","authors":"Katelyn J Kotlarek, Sierra Levene, Annalisa V Piccorelli, Gregory C Allen, Krystle Barhaghi, Ilana Neuberger","doi":"10.1177/10556656231183776","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10556656231183776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantify differences in levator veli palatini (LVP) muscle dimensions based on age, sex, and race and determine the typical range of asymmetry between the left and right sides of the LVP under age 2.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Children's tertiary care hospital.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A retrospective chart review of non-cleft patients under 2 who received a volumetric FLAIR MRI sequence within the past 18 months identified 216 patient scans. Exclusion criteria left 200 scans for analysis. Measurements of the LVP were obtained consistent with previous literature.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Corrected age, sex, and race.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>LVP muscle dimensions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant (<i>P </i>< .0001) difference between corrected age groups based on the overall combination of LVP variables after controlling for sex and race. Significant age differences included average extravelar length (<i>P</i> < .0001), average intravelar length (<i>P</i> < .0001), midline thickness (<i>P</i> < .0001), and average (<i>P</i> < .0001) and difference (<i>P</i> = .0413) in insertion thickness. Significant sex differences included average intravelar length (<i>P</i> = .0412) and average insertion thickness (<i>P</i> = .0281). Significant race differences included average insertion thickness (<i>P</i> = .0334) and difference in intravelar length (<i>P</i> = .0473). Differences between left and right total length (<i>P</i> = .0491) and angle of origin (<i>P</i> < .0001) were significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Differences in LVP morphology were observed in individuals under 2 years or age related to age, sex, and race. While asymmetry was significant in some dimensions, it varied by age range.</p>","PeriodicalId":82217,"journal":{"name":"Ohio history","volume":"117 1","pages":"1803-1813"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88554945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memorializing Agency: Linguistic Analyses of Ohio's Memorials at Historic Conflict Sites Involving American Indians","authors":"Roger W. Anderson","doi":"10.1353/ohh.2023.a912492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ohh.2023.a912492","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82217,"journal":{"name":"Ohio history","volume":"42 1","pages":"36 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139345391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Brothers George: An Akron Instance of Second-Generation Assimilation","authors":"John D. Fair","doi":"10.1353/ohh.2023.a912495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ohh.2023.a912495","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82217,"journal":{"name":"Ohio history","volume":"49 1","pages":"70 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139345547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Common School Awakening: Religion and the Transatlantic Roots of American Public Education by David Komline (review)","authors":"Brian R. Corbin","doi":"10.1353/ohh.2023.a912496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ohh.2023.a912496","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82217,"journal":{"name":"Ohio history","volume":"55 1","pages":"96 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139343776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emily Nash: Disease and Death in Nineteenth-Century Geauga County","authors":"Molly Sergi","doi":"10.1353/ohh.2023.a912493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ohh.2023.a912493","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82217,"journal":{"name":"Ohio history","volume":"14 1","pages":"37 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139347076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reform under Pressure: Cincinnati Foster Care in the 1930s","authors":"Brandon Borgemenke","doi":"10.1353/ohh.2023.a912494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ohh.2023.a912494","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82217,"journal":{"name":"Ohio history","volume":"46 1","pages":"58 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139343775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Making of the Midwest: Essays on the Formation of Midwestern Identity, 1787–1900 ed. by Jon K. Lauck (review)","authors":"Martha I. Pallante","doi":"10.1353/ohh.2023.a912504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ohh.2023.a912504","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewed by: The Making of the Midwest: Essays on the Formation of Midwestern Identity, 1787–1900 ed. by Jon K. Lauck Martha I. Pallante The Making of the Midwest: Essays on the Formation of Midwestern Identity, 1787–1900. Edited by Jon K. Lauck. Hastings, Nebraska: Hastings College Press, 2020. ISBN: 978-1-942885-75-7. 430 pp., paper, $30.00. In recent years the American Midwest has, as region, been largely overlooked. The term “flyover states” has been frequently applied to the area west of the Appalachian Mountains, north of the Ohio River, and west of the Mississippi. As a region, scholars have found the Midwest difficult to identify or characterize. In his edited volume, The Making of the Midwest, Jon Lauck seeks to resolve some of those deficiencies. His anthology concentrates on the period of time from the end of the American War for Independence through the beginning of the twentieth century, when the Midwest was, perhaps, most distinct in its identity. He argues that the characteristics that make the Midwest unique have their origins there. He states, “What emerged in the Midwest was a culture dense in Christianity, civic commitments, and attention to the arts” (xiv). Throughout the long nineteenth century, his midwesterners espoused the preservation of the Union, civil and civic reforms, and promoted individual endeavors such as family farms, incipient industrialization, and commercial entrepreneurship. His contributors, however, remind their audience that these midwesterners also promoted the removal of native populations, and were frequently hostile to immigrants, indigenous peoples, and African Americans. [End Page 113] In his introductory essay, Lauck narrates each of his core propositions and offers an introduction to each of his authors’ work. To illustrate each of his themes, Lauck recruited essays from a very able group of scholars who clearly illustrate the changing temperament of the region. The first group of essays discusses the Midwest as it takes shape, and the various authors contend that midwesterners, and indeed much of the new republic, perceived the region as nearly idyllic. This is perhaps best characterized by Barton Price in his work on “The Protestant Imagination.” He contends that during the first half of the nineteenth century, the confluence of evangelical enthusiasm, frontier development, and growing political influence placed the Midwest as the center of the “future religious and moral caliber of the nation.” Lauck also emphasized civic engagement and the corresponding civil development in a selection of contributions. The essayists discuss midwesterners’ participation in politics and reform in great variety. From Edward Franz’s discussion of the Midwest’s domination of the presidency from the Civil War to the Great Depression to Lisa Paine Ossian’s reevaluation of midwestern women’s roles in the temperance movement, the reader is reminded of the centricity of midwestern political power. Also included in this","PeriodicalId":82217,"journal":{"name":"Ohio history","volume":"480 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hooded Hatred: A Study of the Akron Ku Klux Klan","authors":"Steve Viglio","doi":"10.1353/ohh.2023.a912501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ohh.2023.a912501","url":null,"abstract":"Hooded HatredA Study of the Akron Ku Klux Klan Steve Viglio (bio) The Akron, Ohio, Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was the focal point for the Summit County chapter of the organization. It represented not only the city with the largest membership in the county but also in the state of Ohio as a whole. The Klan used a combination of factors to recruit Akronites who felt threatened in their own city. These factors included competition with immigrants and African American migrant Southerners over factory jobs, housing shortages, and overcrowding within the city. Issues like these created a divide amongst Akronites that the Klan used to its advantage. The ineffective unions of the early 1900s also left local workers feeling voiceless within the workplace. The popularity of the chapter in Akron was based on xenophobia and many local Protestants’ feelings of marginalization. The Klan movement reinforced white supremacist attitudes, and membership in the Klan served as an assertion of power. Factionalism and in-fighting ultimately led to the demise of the group. In 1924 and 1925, Akron represented an important area for the Klan as a whole. Membership was large and booming because they also possessed political power within the Akron education system. Just a short year later, however, the once large and popular Klan began to disappear into the shadows for decades to follow. As the Klan ventured into Akron, reform measures remained their top priority. The organization wished for Akron public schools to be reformed parallel to their ideology. Their aims were to spread “100 Percent Americanism” in the school system by infiltrating the Akron Board of Education. Prior to this, the Klan worked with the South High Civic Association (SHCA) as a [End Page 91] means for reform, prior to taking majority control of the board. The SHCA was based out of South Akron, and its members were primarily white Protestants. South Akron also served as a recruitment haven for the KKK in the years that followed. Many Akronites even questioned the motives of the SHCA and whether or not it was only a means for high-ranking Klansmen to get elected to the board. Education reform remained the main successful strategy for Kluxers in the 1920s. The Akron Klan wanted segregation of Akron’s public school system and to instill Protestant values, banishing Catholicism and Judaism from classrooms. This represented their nativist and xenophobic vision for educational reform. The main goal for reform was to attack the parochial school system and to bar Catholics from teaching in public schools. These tactics served to advance their agenda of opposing immigrants, Black people, and Catholics. The Klan’s success in this regard was mixed. It was able to enact compulsory Bible reading in public schools but failed at reforming much else. The Klan was briefly able to gain majority control of the board of education. When the Klan had the majority of board membership, they pushed for segregation and for textbooks th","PeriodicalId":82217,"journal":{"name":"Ohio history","volume":"293 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Plains in ’65: The 6th West Virginia Volunteer Cavalry in the West by George H. Holliday. ed. by Glenn V. Longacre (review)","authors":"Wesley Moody","doi":"10.1353/ohh.2023.a912503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ohh.2023.a912503","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewed by: On the Plains in ’65: The 6th West Virginia Volunteer Cavalry in the West by George H. Holliday. ed. by Glenn V. Longacre Wesley Moody On the Plains in ’65: The 6th West Virginia Volunteer Cavalry in the West. George H. Holliday. Edited by Glenn V. Longacre. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2021. ISBN: 978-0-82142428-5. 258 pp., hardcover, $49.95. George H. Holliday enlisted in the Union Army in August 1863. The 15-year-old lied about his age to join. Except for a short time guarding the capital, Holliday spent his Civil War career in his home state of West Virginia. In 1864, Holliday reenlisted in the 6th West Virginia Cavalry for the duration of the war. All the men were volunteers and veterans. In the vagaries of army bureaucracy, these men found themselves not going home to farms and families in April 1865 but west to the Great Plains. Inspired to describe this post–Civil War service, George Holliday put pen to paper in 1883. Historian Glenn V. Longacre has edited Holliday’s work and brought it to the modern reader. Longacre gives a short biography of Holliday and puts both his Civil War and western service into perspective. He also provides the reader with a history of the document itself. This, of course, is important if the journal is going to be helpful to a professional historian. Longacre has also provided extensive pages of exceptionally well-researched explanatory notes. I would have preferred these as footnotes instead of endnotes, but that is only a personal preference. At the end of the Civil War, the US Army was nearly one million men. With the Confederacy defeated, most of these men were ready to return home to their prewar lives. The army still had obligations. They were ordered to continue occupying the South, and Reconstruction would demand many soldiers over the next decade. The situation with the Plains Indians was inching closer toward war. Not everyone who wanted to go home could. Holliday and the 6th West Virginia were assigned one year in the West. If that was not bad enough for men ready to return home, the unit that had served the entire war in West Virginia was being sent to the far West. This led to desertions and even a mutiny in Kansas. Civil War memoirs usually end with the [End Page 112] war’s conclusion. This view of the troubles and chaos of demobilization is rare and informative. Holliday was still young and didn’t have a wife or children who were struggling to maintain the farm. He was excited about the potential adventures and experiences to be found on the frontier. Holliday’s motivation in writing was not to justify his or his country’s actions or claim his spot in history. He was trying to tell a good story, which he did. There are humorous and exciting stories about his fellow cavalrymen and their officers. He describes his first meetings with Native Americans, both peaceful and hostile. His impressions of the Native Americans are informative if not comfortable for contemporary sensibilities. ","PeriodicalId":82217,"journal":{"name":"Ohio history","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Victory on Two Fronts: The Cleveland Indians and Baseball through the World War II Era by Scott H. Longert (review)","authors":"Jack Patrick","doi":"10.1353/ohh.2023.a912505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ohh.2023.a912505","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewed by: Victory on Two Fronts: The Cleveland Indians and Baseball through the World War II Era by Scott H. Longert Jack Patrick Victory on Two Fronts: The Cleveland Indians and Baseball through the World War II Era. Scott H. Longert. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2022. ISBN: 978-0-8214-2472-8. 296 pp., paper, $24.95. Scott Longert has written extensively about the early history of the Cleveland Indians. His latest work, Victory on Two Fronts: The Cleveland Indians and Baseball Through the World War II Era extends the saga from the difficult seasons of wartime baseball through 1948, the year Cleveland won its second— and last—world title. As Longert dutifully traces the events of each season, three central figures emerge in his narrative: young player-manager Lou Boudreau, fabled pitcher Bob Feller, and new owner Bill Veeck, who gained control of the Indians in 1946. A talented shortstop, the 24-year-old Boudreau assumed additional duties as manager for the 1942 season. He encountered problems that would have overwhelmed much more experienced field bosses. While working to gain the respect of his veteran players, Boudreau continually coped with difficulties caused by the war, including the loss of key players to military service, spartan indoor spring training camps, and complicated travel and game schedules. Although the Indians were not contenders in the seasons between 1942 and 1945, Longert suggests that Boudreau emerged as a well-respected and capable leader who was greatly admired in the community. The best pitcher in the Major Leagues, Bob Feller enlisted in the navy immediately after Pearl Harbor. He sacrificed nearly four full seasons in the prime years of his career. Longert documents Feller’s substantial wartime contributions. The navy used Feller’s patriotism as a symbol in their recruitment drives. Even while he was training at the Great Lakes Center outside Chicago, Feller organized exhibition games that benefited the families of injured and deceased soldiers and sailors. Later, he saw combat aboard ship in the Pacific. Feller returned to the Indians after his discharge from the service late in the 1945 season. In 1946, as some doubted that he would ever recapture his elite prewar form, Feller established a new single-season record by striking out 348 batters. His return to the Indians coincided with a change in ownership that would completely alter the direction of the franchise. In June 1946, Bill Veeck bought out enough stockholders to assume control of the Indians. In the four seasons that he owned the franchise, Veeck gained fame as the promoter who enticed fans into the stadium in such large numbers that Cleveland set attendance records that lasted for decades. Longert suggests [End Page 115] that Veeck was much more than the master showman. He served as his own general manager and made shrewd trades that would make the Indians a legitimate contender by 1948. Veeck was also the second major league executive to tap into th","PeriodicalId":82217,"journal":{"name":"Ohio history","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}