Pub Date : 2000-10-01DOI: 10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280699
J. Aaron, A. Coly
Current luminescence-based methods for determining pesticides in different sample matrices are reviewed. The paper is devoted mainly to fluorimetric techniques with emphasis on the description of direct and indirect fluorimetric methods, including chemical and photochemical derivatization. The use of fluorescence detection in TLC, HPLC and FIA as well as applications to environmental samples is described. The potential of phosphorimetry for pesticide analysis is also presented. The main advantages and drawbacks of luminescence detection for pesticide determination are discussed.
{"title":"Luminescence methods in pesticide analysis. Applications to the environment","authors":"J. Aaron, A. Coly","doi":"10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280699","url":null,"abstract":"Current luminescence-based methods for determining pesticides in different sample matrices are reviewed. The paper is devoted mainly to fluorimetric techniques with emphasis on the description of direct and indirect fluorimetric methods, including chemical and photochemical derivatization. The use of fluorescence detection in TLC, HPLC and FIA as well as applications to environmental samples is described. The potential of phosphorimetry for pesticide analysis is also presented. The main advantages and drawbacks of luminescence detection for pesticide determination are discussed.","PeriodicalId":8221,"journal":{"name":"Analusis","volume":"29 1","pages":"699-709"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83659005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-01DOI: 10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000144
V. Martín, P. L. Mahía, S. M. Lorenzo, D. P. Rodríguez
Styrene is a compound commonly used in several industries, especially in those that manufacture glass-reinforced prod- ucts. A thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determination of styrene in industrial indoor and outdoor air is presented. Split valves of the thermal desorption unit were fixed at flows of 150 mL/min for indoor air and 5.3 mL/min for outdoor air, which regarded detection limits of 1.21 and 0.08 ng of adsorbed compound, respectively. The method was checked at a fibreglass boat manufacturing workshop. Samples were taken by diffusive and active sampling. Both methods were applied to outdoor samplings with similar results, while indoor samples were taken by diffusive sampling. Results confirm industrial activity as main styrene source in the workplace studied and its surrounding area.
{"title":"Development of a thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determination of styrene in air. Application to workplace air","authors":"V. Martín, P. L. Mahía, S. M. Lorenzo, D. P. Rodríguez","doi":"10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000144","url":null,"abstract":"Styrene is a compound commonly used in several industries, especially in those that manufacture glass-reinforced prod- ucts. A thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determination of styrene in industrial indoor and outdoor air is presented. Split valves of the thermal desorption unit were fixed at flows of 150 mL/min for indoor air and 5.3 mL/min for outdoor air, which regarded detection limits of 1.21 and 0.08 ng of adsorbed compound, respectively. The method was checked at a fibreglass boat manufacturing workshop. Samples were taken by diffusive and active sampling. Both methods were applied to outdoor samplings with similar results, while indoor samples were taken by diffusive sampling. Results confirm industrial activity as main styrene source in the workplace studied and its surrounding area.","PeriodicalId":8221,"journal":{"name":"Analusis","volume":"52 1","pages":"737-742"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90627064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-01DOI: 10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280647
J. Aaron
{"title":"What’s new in luminescence spectroscopy: applications and recent trends","authors":"J. Aaron","doi":"10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280647","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8221,"journal":{"name":"Analusis","volume":"57 1","pages":"647-648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86011960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-01DOI: 10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280649
D. Lerner, M. A. Martín
Natural cyclodextrins are an example of simple organic molecules, which are able to complex many different molecules and especially water-insoluble organic ones. This property caught early the interest of researchers involved in the field of drug delivery and soon new modified cyclodextrins appeared with improved solubility or complexing efficiency. Analytical applications aiming at the determination of fluorescent drugs followed and revealed that not only was their luminescence maintained, but that it was often enhanced. The present review begins with a short introduction devoted to the analysis of the forces involved at the molecular level in the complexing process and to the nature of the various complexes observed. It then focuses on the most typical results obtained in the field of luminescence enhancement following complexation of molecules of biological interest. It is shown that analytical applications always benefit from an improved sensitivity as a result of this enhancement. Extensions of the scope of the technique such as the induced emission of non emitting chromophores (retinoids) as well as the enhancement in micellar solutions are also reviewed.
{"title":"Luminescence in organized media and supramolecular interactions:physicochemical aspects and applications","authors":"D. Lerner, M. A. Martín","doi":"10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280649","url":null,"abstract":"Natural cyclodextrins are an example of simple organic molecules, which are able to complex many different molecules and especially water-insoluble organic ones. This property caught early the interest of researchers involved in the field of drug delivery and soon new modified cyclodextrins appeared with improved solubility or complexing efficiency. Analytical applications aiming at the determination of fluorescent drugs followed and revealed that not only was their luminescence maintained, but that it was often enhanced. The present review begins with a short introduction devoted to the analysis of the forces involved at the molecular level in the complexing process and to the nature of the various complexes observed. It then focuses on the most typical results obtained in the field of luminescence enhancement following complexation of molecules of biological interest. It is shown that analytical applications always benefit from an improved sensitivity as a result of this enhancement. Extensions of the scope of the technique such as the induced emission of non emitting chromophores (retinoids) as well as the enhancement in micellar solutions are also reviewed.","PeriodicalId":8221,"journal":{"name":"Analusis","volume":"1 1","pages":"649-663"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83123022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-01DOI: 10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280664
P. Prognon, A. Kasselouri, M. Desroches, G. Mahuzier
Cyclodextrins (CDs) present the unique ability to entrap molecules. In analytical chemistry, they have been mainly used for separation purpose. The present review deals with their potential interest towards the detection by molecular fluorescence of the included compounds mainly xenobiotics and drugs. As some of the included molecules exhibit native fluorescence due to their aromaticity, the addition to their aqueous solution of CDs entails, in some cases, a large enhancement of their emission of fluorescence. This feature appears of particular interest from an analytical point of view, either for direct detection of the guest molecule or as a detection mode after separations techniques (i.e.: chromatography or electrophoresis). Decrease in rotation motion of entrapped molecule and (or) decrease in solvent relaxation appear as the main causes of the enhancing emission effect. Some example picked up from pharmaceutical and bioanalytical literature are presented in order to demonstrate the interest of CDs in the field of the fluorescence techniques.
{"title":"Usefulness of cyclodextrins for detection in molecular fluorescence. Application to xenobiotics and drugs","authors":"P. Prognon, A. Kasselouri, M. Desroches, G. Mahuzier","doi":"10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280664","url":null,"abstract":"Cyclodextrins (CDs) present the unique ability to entrap molecules. In analytical chemistry, they have been mainly used for separation purpose. The present review deals with their potential interest towards the detection by molecular fluorescence of the included compounds mainly xenobiotics and drugs. As some of the included molecules exhibit native fluorescence due to their aromaticity, the addition to their aqueous solution of CDs entails, in some cases, a large enhancement of their emission of fluorescence. This feature appears of particular interest from an analytical point of view, either for direct detection of the guest molecule or as a detection mode after separations techniques (i.e.: chromatography or electrophoresis). Decrease in rotation motion of entrapped molecule and (or) decrease in solvent relaxation appear as the main causes of the enhancing emission effect. Some example picked up from pharmaceutical and bioanalytical literature are presented in order to demonstrate the interest of CDs in the field of the fluorescence techniques.","PeriodicalId":8221,"journal":{"name":"Analusis","volume":"35 6 1","pages":"664-669"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78030133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-01DOI: 10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000146
F. Monna, J. Loizeau, B. Thomas, C. Guéguen, P. Favarger, R. Losno, J. Dominik
Analytical precision of the isotope ratios measured by quadrupole-based ICP-MS is drastically controlled by the low- frequency noises which originate from nebulisation and vaporisation processes, and from sample introduction systems. The unde- sirable influence of these latter can be however reduced by choosing efficiently the operating parameters. In the present study , the choice of the stabilisation time necessary in peak jump mode, and the one of the number of sweeps are discussed in the light of noise power spectra obtained with various speeds of the peristaltic pump used as sample introduction system. Obviously, the settings proposed are probably efficient only on our own ICP-MS, but they can be determined without any difficulty on any other equipment, only by following the methodology detailed here. With such guidelines, experimental within-run RSD % were observed following closely those predicted by the counting statistics ( ~ 110 %). The isotopic measurements of natural samples (overbank sediments, airborne particulate matter, lichens and rainwater) exhibited fair accuracy and good reproducibility, making highly con - venient the use of the ICP-MS, at least in an environmental purpose.
{"title":"Noise identification and sampling frequency determination for precise Pb isotopic measurements by quadrupole-based Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry","authors":"F. Monna, J. Loizeau, B. Thomas, C. Guéguen, P. Favarger, R. Losno, J. Dominik","doi":"10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000146","url":null,"abstract":"Analytical precision of the isotope ratios measured by quadrupole-based ICP-MS is drastically controlled by the low- frequency noises which originate from nebulisation and vaporisation processes, and from sample introduction systems. The unde- sirable influence of these latter can be however reduced by choosing efficiently the operating parameters. In the present study , the choice of the stabilisation time necessary in peak jump mode, and the one of the number of sweeps are discussed in the light of noise power spectra obtained with various speeds of the peristaltic pump used as sample introduction system. Obviously, the settings proposed are probably efficient only on our own ICP-MS, but they can be determined without any difficulty on any other equipment, only by following the methodology detailed here. With such guidelines, experimental within-run RSD % were observed following closely those predicted by the counting statistics ( ~ 110 %). The isotopic measurements of natural samples (overbank sediments, airborne particulate matter, lichens and rainwater) exhibited fair accuracy and good reproducibility, making highly con - venient the use of the ICP-MS, at least in an environmental purpose.","PeriodicalId":8221,"journal":{"name":"Analusis","volume":"186 1","pages":"750-757"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88101782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-01DOI: 10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280670
A. M. Peña, M. C. Mahedero, A. Sánchez
At room temperature, it is usually very difficult to observe phosphorescence emission of compounds in fluid solutions. The reported methods for the obtention of phosphorescence at room temperature in solution, generally imply an organization of the reagents at the microscopic level. The term organized media defines a category of molecules, which arrange, in solution, at the molecular level to form aggregates, whose microscopic properties are different from the properties of the bulk solvent.
{"title":"Room temperature phosphorescence in cyclodextrins. Analytical applications","authors":"A. M. Peña, M. C. Mahedero, A. Sánchez","doi":"10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280670","url":null,"abstract":"At room temperature, it is usually very difficult to observe phosphorescence emission of compounds in fluid solutions. The reported methods for the obtention of phosphorescence at room temperature in solution, generally imply an organization of the reagents at the microscopic level. The term organized media defines a category of molecules, which arrange, in solution, at the molecular level to form aggregates, whose microscopic properties are different from the properties of the bulk solvent.","PeriodicalId":8221,"journal":{"name":"Analusis","volume":"96 1","pages":"670-678"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75807281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-01DOI: 10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280679
C. Gooijer, S. Kok, F. Ariese
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection systems for capillary electrophoresis (CE) are nowadays widely available. Many classes of analytes show native fluorescence, but often only upon absorption of short-wavelength UV light. Unfortunately, most CE-LIF systems make use of visible laser lines so that they can only be applied to analytes that have been chemically derivatised with a suitable fluorescent label matching the excitation wavelength. This paper illustrates how the applicability of CE-LIF can be broadened to include natively fluorescent analytes by employing either UV laser systems or multiphoton-excitation. Several pulsed and continuous wave (CW) lasers were compared in terms of analytical sensitivity and selectivity; in particular the CW 275-nm line from an adapted Ar + laser proved very suitable. For identification purposes emission spectra were recorded online. The usefulness of such systems in environmental chemistry is shown for amino- and hydroxy-substituted naphthalenesulphonates in river water samples. Extra spectral selectivity can be obtained by performing CE-LIF under flurorescence line-narrowing conditions using a cryogenic interface. The introduction of high-repetition rate, femtosecond Ti:sapphire lasers paved the way for two- and three-photon excited LIF detection of a wide array of biologically relevant fluorophores.
{"title":"Capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection for natively fluorescent analytes","authors":"C. Gooijer, S. Kok, F. Ariese","doi":"10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280679","url":null,"abstract":"Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection systems for capillary electrophoresis (CE) are nowadays widely available. Many classes of analytes show native fluorescence, but often only upon absorption of short-wavelength UV light. Unfortunately, most CE-LIF systems make use of visible laser lines so that they can only be applied to analytes that have been chemically derivatised with a suitable fluorescent label matching the excitation wavelength. This paper illustrates how the applicability of CE-LIF can be broadened to include natively fluorescent analytes by employing either UV laser systems or multiphoton-excitation. Several pulsed and continuous wave (CW) lasers were compared in terms of analytical sensitivity and selectivity; in particular the CW 275-nm line from an adapted Ar + laser proved very suitable. For identification purposes emission spectra were recorded online. The usefulness of such systems in environmental chemistry is shown for amino- and hydroxy-substituted naphthalenesulphonates in river water samples. Extra spectral selectivity can be obtained by performing CE-LIF under flurorescence line-narrowing conditions using a cryogenic interface. The introduction of high-repetition rate, femtosecond Ti:sapphire lasers paved the way for two- and three-photon excited LIF detection of a wide array of biologically relevant fluorophores.","PeriodicalId":8221,"journal":{"name":"Analusis","volume":"85 1","pages":"679-685"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80572939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-01DOI: 10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280710
J. J. Rodríguez, C. P. Sanz
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are compounds of great environmental interest because of their potential carcinogenic and mutagenic activity and their frequent occurrence in the environment, above all in the marine environment. Therefore it is an important to establish simple, sensitive and reliable methods for the determination of these compounds. In this work we report an overview on the application of fluorescence techniques to the study and determination of PAHs in marine samples: water, sediments and organisms. Conventional fluorescence spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.
{"title":"Fluorescence techniques for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine environment: an overview","authors":"J. J. Rodríguez, C. P. Sanz","doi":"10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000280710","url":null,"abstract":"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are compounds of great environmental interest because of their potential carcinogenic and mutagenic activity and their frequent occurrence in the environment, above all in the marine environment. Therefore it is an important to establish simple, sensitive and reliable methods for the determination of these compounds. In this work we report an overview on the application of fluorescence techniques to the study and determination of PAHs in marine samples: water, sediments and organisms. Conventional fluorescence spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":8221,"journal":{"name":"Analusis","volume":"6 1","pages":"710-717"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84284419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-01DOI: 10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000145
E. Schaller, S. Zenhäusern, T. Zesiger, J. Bosset, F. Escher
Four Swiss Emmental cheeses from four different factories were analysed with an "electronic nose" based on a mass spectrometer detector, the SMart Nose™. Three sampling methods, i.e. non-preconcentrated static headspace, Purge-and-Trap and solid phase microextraction (SPME), were compared in order to discriminate the cheese ripening ages. The use of a preconcen- tration technique was found to be helpful for this application due to the possibility to extract volatile compounds with higher molecular masses. From the two systems tested, the SPME was considered from far the best method because of its better repeata- bility, its simplicity and its compatibility with an autosampler.
{"title":"Use of preconcentration techniques applied to a MS-based Electronic Nose","authors":"E. Schaller, S. Zenhäusern, T. Zesiger, J. Bosset, F. Escher","doi":"10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ANALUSIS:2000145","url":null,"abstract":"Four Swiss Emmental cheeses from four different factories were analysed with an \"electronic nose\" based on a mass spectrometer detector, the SMart Nose™. Three sampling methods, i.e. non-preconcentrated static headspace, Purge-and-Trap and solid phase microextraction (SPME), were compared in order to discriminate the cheese ripening ages. The use of a preconcen- tration technique was found to be helpful for this application due to the possibility to extract volatile compounds with higher molecular masses. From the two systems tested, the SPME was considered from far the best method because of its better repeata- bility, its simplicity and its compatibility with an autosampler.","PeriodicalId":8221,"journal":{"name":"Analusis","volume":"52 1","pages":"743-749"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81468433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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