Katerina Loufi, Ioannis E. Papadakis, Pavlos Makridis
The effect of feeding greater amberjack with copepod nauplii (Acartia tonsa) on the ontogeny of the digestive system was observed until 40 days after hatching (DAH). Copepods are part of the diet of fish larvae in nature, and they are rich in highly unsaturated fatty acids and free amino acids that enhance the digestive capacity of the fish. In a marine hatchery, four cylindroconical tanks of 2,700 L were stocked with about 150 × 103 greater amberjack larvae (Seriola dumerili) in each. The larvae were initially fed from 3 to 17 DAH in two tanks with copepod nauplii and rotifers (Brachionus sp.; Copepods group), while in the other two tanks, they were fed only with rotifers (Control group) during the same period. All the tanks were fed with rotifers (3–27 DAH), Artemia nauplii (12–22 DAH), enriched Artemia metanauplii (20–30 DAH), and formulated diet (25–40 DAH). Fish samples were taken regularly (every 2 or 4 days) for histological analysis and every day for the measurement of total length (TL). The TL was 3.7, 4.5 ± 0.1, 6.1, 11, 17.3 ± 0.1 and 20.3 ± 2.3 mm at 4, 10, 16, 22, 30, and 40 DAH, respectively. Copepod-fed fish showed higher TL in the last 2 days of the trial (p < 0.05), while mortality rates were lower in the beginning of the trial 10–17 DAH, (p < 0.05). In addition, copepods-fed fish had less skeletal deformities (p < 0.05). Pyloric caeca appeared earlier in the Copepods group compared with the Control, while the length and surface of the villi, the abundance of goblet cells/100 μm of intestine length, and the area covered with lipid vacuoles in the liver were significantly higher in the Copepods group (p < 0.05). We can conclude that the use of copepods in the diet of the greater amberjack larvae can improve the ontogeny of the digestive system.
{"title":"The Use of Acartia tonsa Nauplii during the First Days of Feeding on the Ontogeny of the Digestive System of Greater Amberjack (Seriola dumerili Risso, 1810)","authors":"Katerina Loufi, Ioannis E. Papadakis, Pavlos Makridis","doi":"10.1155/2024/1826300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1826300","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of feeding greater amberjack with copepod nauplii (<i>Acartia tonsa</i>) on the ontogeny of the digestive system was observed until 40 days after hatching (DAH). Copepods are part of the diet of fish larvae in nature, and they are rich in highly unsaturated fatty acids and free amino acids that enhance the digestive capacity of the fish. In a marine hatchery, four cylindroconical tanks of 2,700 L were stocked with about 150 × 10<sup>3</sup> greater amberjack larvae (<i>Seriola dumerili</i>) in each. The larvae were initially fed from 3 to 17 DAH in two tanks with copepod nauplii and rotifers (<i>Brachionus</i> sp.; Copepods group), while in the other two tanks, they were fed only with rotifers (Control group) during the same period. All the tanks were fed with rotifers (3–27 DAH), <i>Artemia</i> nauplii (12–22 DAH), enriched <i>Artemia</i> metanauplii (20–30 DAH), and formulated diet (25–40 DAH). Fish samples were taken regularly (every 2 or 4 days) for histological analysis and every day for the measurement of total length (TL). The TL was 3.7, 4.5 ± 0.1, 6.1, 11, 17.3 ± 0.1 and 20.3 ± 2.3 mm at 4, 10, 16, 22, 30, and 40 DAH, respectively. Copepod-fed fish showed higher TL in the last 2 days of the trial (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while mortality rates were lower in the beginning of the trial 10–17 DAH, (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, copepods-fed fish had less skeletal deformities (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Pyloric caeca appeared earlier in the Copepods group compared with the Control, while the length and surface of the villi, the abundance of goblet cells/100 <i>μ</i>m of intestine length, and the area covered with lipid vacuoles in the liver were significantly higher in the Copepods group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). We can conclude that the use of copepods in the diet of the greater amberjack larvae can improve the ontogeny of the digestive system.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141096386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to assess the viability of replacing rice bran with spent coffee grounds (SCG) in the diets of Oreochromis niloticus (average body weight, 48.8 ± 0.42 g). The fish were randomly allocated into four sets of three groups each and placed in net cages (1 m × 2 m × 0.5 m) at a density of 30 fish per cage. They were fed diets with four different replacement levels: 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of SCG over a period of 90 days. Growth and serum biochemical indices were monitored three times at 30, 60, and 90 days. During the experiment, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) observed in growth indices, including weight gain (WG), daily WG, specific growth rate, feed conversion rate, protein efficiency ratio, and survival rate among the groups at 30, 60, and 90 days. Serum biochemical indices, such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, showed a similar trend with significant differences observed only on day 30, while the lowest and highest levels were found in the control and 15% SCG replacement groups, respectively. For total cholesterol, a significantly different result was found only on day 30. However, these differences were not sustained in subsequent assessments. Conversely, serum glucose, total protein, albumin, and globulin remained unaffected by SCG replacement throughout the experiment. The findings indicate that replacing rice bran with up to 15% SCG did not adversely impact the growth performance or key serum biochemical indices of Nile tilapia. To the researchers’ knowledge, these findings are the first in the field to substitute SCG for rice bran, opening a new avenue for further research.
{"title":"Exploring the Nutritional Potential of Spent Coffee Grounds as a Substitute for Rice Bran in Feeds for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: An Evaluation of Growth Performance and Biological Indices","authors":"Wikit Phinrub, Sontaya Sookying, Phanit Srisuttha, Nantaporn Sutthi, Paiboon Panase","doi":"10.1155/2024/4858465","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4858465","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to assess the viability of replacing rice bran with spent coffee grounds (SCG) in the diets of <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> (average body weight, 48.8 ± 0.42 g). The fish were randomly allocated into four sets of three groups each and placed in net cages (1 m × 2 m × 0.5 m) at a density of 30 fish per cage. They were fed diets with four different replacement levels: 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of SCG over a period of 90 days. Growth and serum biochemical indices were monitored three times at 30, 60, and 90 days. During the experiment, there were no significant differences (<i>P</i> > 0.05) observed in growth indices, including weight gain (WG), daily WG, specific growth rate, feed conversion rate, protein efficiency ratio, and survival rate among the groups at 30, 60, and 90 days. Serum biochemical indices, such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, showed a similar trend with significant differences observed only on day 30, while the lowest and highest levels were found in the control and 15% SCG replacement groups, respectively. For total cholesterol, a significantly different result was found only on day 30. However, these differences were not sustained in subsequent assessments. Conversely, serum glucose, total protein, albumin, and globulin remained unaffected by SCG replacement throughout the experiment. The findings indicate that replacing rice bran with up to 15% SCG did not adversely impact the growth performance or key serum biochemical indices of Nile tilapia. To the researchers’ knowledge, these findings are the first in the field to substitute SCG for rice bran, opening a new avenue for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Foad Noorbakhsh, Mehran Ghaemi, Amin Gholamhosseini, Amir Ali Heidari
Ocimum basilicum has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of O. basilicum extract on growth yield, safety, and marinating physiologic functions of the rainbow trout. The fish were fed with food rations containing 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% of basil extract. Basil extract, especially at 1% concentration food ration, significantly increased the growth parameters compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The biochemical parameters of hepatic function, renal function, glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol level were significantly reduced in the treatment groups compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Feeding with basil extract led to a significant increase in Ig, lysozyme, and respiratory burst assay, with the most prominent elevation at 2% concentration food ration. The mucosal antibacterial activity was improved. The mortality rate after exposure to Yersinia ruckeri was lower in the treatment groups compared with the control group. The results of the present study suggest that adding 2% basil extract to the food rations of the fish may improve their physiologic function and growth yield and reinforce their immune system.
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Supplement of Basil Extract on Biochemical and Immunological Parameters and Growth Performance in Oncorhynchus mykiss","authors":"Mohammad Foad Noorbakhsh, Mehran Ghaemi, Amin Gholamhosseini, Amir Ali Heidari","doi":"10.1155/2024/5388049","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5388049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Ocimum basilicum</i> has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of <i>O. basilicum</i> extract on growth yield, safety, and marinating physiologic functions of the rainbow trout. The fish were fed with food rations containing 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% of basil extract. Basil extract, especially at 1% concentration food ration, significantly increased the growth parameters compared with the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The biochemical parameters of hepatic function, renal function, glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol level were significantly reduced in the treatment groups compared with the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Feeding with basil extract led to a significant increase in Ig, lysozyme, and respiratory burst assay, with the most prominent elevation at 2% concentration food ration. The mucosal antibacterial activity was improved. The mortality rate after exposure to <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i> was lower in the treatment groups compared with the control group. The results of the present study suggest that adding 2% basil extract to the food rations of the fish may improve their physiologic function and growth yield and reinforce their immune system.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fify F. El-Desouky, Mostafa A. Ibrahim, Ibrahim M. Abd El-Razek, El-Said M. El-Nabawy, Asem A. Amer, Amr I. Zaineldin, Mahmoud S. Gewaily, Mahmoud A. O. Dawood
Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) meal was introduced to aquafeed as a suitable protein source to replace fish meal (FM) and soybean meal and, thereby, consistent aquaculture production. However, mealworms should be added at adequate levels due to the presence of antinutritional factors such as chitin. Consequently, sodium butyrate (SB) is suggested to improve feed quality and ensure aquatic animals’ productivity and welfare. In this study, parallel with the protein source (T. molitor meal or FM), dietary supplementation of SB (1 g/kg) is involved as a factor in the 2 × 2 factorial study. The first and the second diets were formulated using FM as a protein source with or without SB, while the third and fourth diets were prepared by replacing FM with T. molitor meal with or without SB supplementation. After 60 days, fish fed with FM or T. molitor and SB showed improved final body weight and weight gain, while those fed with T. molitor without SB had a reduced protein efficiency ratio. Histological analysis revealed that dietary SB improved intestinal histological features by increasing the height and branching of intestinal villi and immune cell infiltration near intestinal crypts in Nile tilapia-fed FM or T. molitor. Furthermore, fish-fed FM or T. molitor and SB had higher Hb, red blood cells, PCV, total protein, and globulin levels than fish-fed respective test diets without SB supplementation. Dietary SB addition to FM or T. molitor-based diets also significantly enhanced blood lysozyme and phagocytic activities, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced MDA levels. Our results demonstrate that T. molitor meal can replace FM without compromising Nile tilapia’s growth performance and health status. Additionally, SB supplementation improved T. molitor meal utilization by Nile tilapia, thereby significantly enhancing the growth, digestion capacity, intestinal histological features, and antioxidative and immune responses. Consequently, dietary T. molitor meal reduces the reliance on FM and improves the sustainability and efficiency of Nile tilapia production.
黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)粉被引入水产饲料,作为替代鱼粉(FM)和豆粕的合适蛋白质来源,从而提高水产养殖产量。然而,由于黄粉虫含有甲壳素等抗营养因子,因此应适量添加。因此,建议使用丁酸钠(SB)来提高饲料质量,确保水产动物的生产率和福利。在本研究中,除了蛋白质来源(褐藻粉或 FM),日粮中还添加了 SB(1 克/千克),作为 2 × 2 因子研究中的一个因子。第一种和第二种日粮使用 FM 作为蛋白质来源,添加或不添加 SB;第三种和第四种日粮使用褐飞虱粉代替 FM,添加或不添加 SB。60 天后,喂食 FM 或褐飞虱和 SB 的鱼的最终体重和增重均有所提高,而喂食褐飞虱而不添加 SB 的鱼的蛋白质效率比有所降低。组织学分析表明,饲喂调频或褐飞虱的尼罗罗非鱼通过增加肠绒毛的高度和分枝以及肠隐窝附近的免疫细胞浸润,改善了肠道组织学特征。此外,与未添加 SB 的试验日粮相比,饲喂 FM 或 T. molitor 并添加 SB 的鱼的 Hb、红细胞、PCV、总蛋白和球蛋白水平更高。在以 FM 或褐飞虱为基础的日粮中添加 SB 还能显著提高血液溶菌酶和吞噬活性、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和还原型 MDA 水平。我们的研究结果表明,褐飞虱粉可以替代饲料添加剂,而不会影响尼罗罗非鱼的生长性能和健康状况。此外,补充 SB 改善了尼罗罗非鱼对 T. molitor 粉的利用,从而显著提高了生长、消化能力、肠道组织学特征以及抗氧化和免疫反应。因此,膳食褐飞虱粉可减少对饲料添加剂的依赖,提高尼罗罗非鱼生产的可持续性和效率。
{"title":"Improving Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) Utilization with Sodium Butyrate in Nile Tilapia Diets: Effects on Growth Performance, Intestinal Histology, Antioxidative Response, and Blood Biomarkers","authors":"Fify F. El-Desouky, Mostafa A. Ibrahim, Ibrahim M. Abd El-Razek, El-Said M. El-Nabawy, Asem A. Amer, Amr I. Zaineldin, Mahmoud S. Gewaily, Mahmoud A. O. Dawood","doi":"10.1155/2024/2442308","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2442308","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Yellow mealworm (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) meal was introduced to aquafeed as a suitable protein source to replace fish meal (FM) and soybean meal and, thereby, consistent aquaculture production. However, mealworms should be added at adequate levels due to the presence of antinutritional factors such as chitin. Consequently, sodium butyrate (SB) is suggested to improve feed quality and ensure aquatic animals’ productivity and welfare. In this study, parallel with the protein source (<i>T. molitor</i> meal or FM), dietary supplementation of SB (1 g/kg) is involved as a factor in the 2 × 2 factorial study. The first and the second diets were formulated using FM as a protein source with or without SB, while the third and fourth diets were prepared by replacing FM with <i>T. molitor</i> meal with or without SB supplementation. After 60 days, fish fed with FM or <i>T. molitor</i> and SB showed improved final body weight and weight gain, while those fed with <i>T. molitor</i> without SB had a reduced protein efficiency ratio. Histological analysis revealed that dietary SB improved intestinal histological features by increasing the height and branching of intestinal villi and immune cell infiltration near intestinal crypts in Nile tilapia-fed FM or <i>T. molitor</i>. Furthermore, fish-fed FM or <i>T. molitor</i> and SB had higher Hb, red blood cells, PCV, total protein, and globulin levels than fish-fed respective test diets without SB supplementation. Dietary SB addition to FM or <i>T. molitor</i>-based diets also significantly enhanced blood lysozyme and phagocytic activities, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced MDA levels. Our results demonstrate that <i>T. molitor</i> meal can replace FM without compromising Nile tilapia’s growth performance and health status. Additionally, SB supplementation improved <i>T. molitor</i> meal utilization by Nile tilapia, thereby significantly enhancing the growth, digestion capacity, intestinal histological features, and antioxidative and immune responses. Consequently, dietary <i>T. molitor</i> meal reduces the reliance on FM and improves the sustainability and efficiency of Nile tilapia production.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140380963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The trial was conducted to investigate the effects of the replacement of dietary fishmeal (FM) by the blend of Tenebrio molitor meal (TMM), Chlorella meal (CM), Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP), cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) on growth, protein utilization and intestinal health of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio, CAS Ⅴ). The FM-based diet was used as the control, and the blended proteins (TMM: CM: CAP: CPC) at ratios of 1 : 1:8 : 2 (BLEND A), 1 : 1:6 : 4 (BLEND B), and 1 : 1:4 : 6 (BLEND C) were used to replace FM at three levels (33%, 67%, 100%), respectively. The results showed that, compared to the control group, growth performance increased significantly when dietary FM was fully replaced by BLEND B (P < 0.05), while decreased by BLEND A (P < 0.05). The complete substitution of FM with BLEND B significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of intestinal proinflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and tight junction-related genes (P < 0.05), improving intestinal tissue morphology and health. And it also significantly increased intestinal trypsin activity (P < 0.05), upregulated the mRNA expression of amino acid sensory receptor-related and amino acid or peptide transport-related genes (P < 0.05), increased protein apparent digestibility coefficient (P < 0.05). The 100% substitution of FM with BLEND A significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of intestinal proinflammatory cytokines and downregulated the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine il-10 (P < 0.05), reduced intestinal villus height (P < 0.05), and decreased protein apparent digestibility coefficient (P < 0.05). In conclusion, BLEND B could completely substitute dietary FM and was beneficial to the growth and health of gibel carp. Dietary digestible essential amino acids index (DEEAI) was found as an important indicator and should be higher than 79.5% to meet the maximum growth of fish.
本试验旨在研究用褐藻粉(TMM)、小球藻粉(CM)、自乙醇梭菌蛋白(CAP)和棉籽浓缩蛋白(CPC)的混合蛋白替代日粮鱼粉(FM)对草鱼(Carassius gibelio,CAS Ⅴ)的生长、蛋白质利用和肠道健康的影响。以 FM 日粮为对照,混合蛋白质(TMM: CM: CAP: CPC)的比例为 1 :8 : 2(混合 a)、1 :1:6 :4(混合 B)和 1 :1 : 1 : 4 : 6(混合物 C),分别以 33%、67%、100% 三种比例替代调频。结果表明,与对照组相比,当日粮中的 FM 被 BLEND B 完全替代时,生长性能显著提高(P<0.05),而当日粮中的 FM 被 BLEND A 完全替代时,生长性能显著下降(P<0.05)。用BLEND B完全替代FM能显著提高肠道促炎细胞因子、抗炎细胞因子和紧密连接相关基因的mRNA表达(P<0.05),改善肠道组织形态和健康状况。它还能明显提高肠道胰蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),上调氨基酸感觉受体相关基因和氨基酸或肽转运相关基因的 mRNA 表达(P<0.05),提高蛋白质表观消化系数(P<0.05)。BLEND A 100%替代FM可显著上调肠道促炎细胞因子的mRNA表达,下调抗炎细胞因子il-10的mRNA表达(P<0.05),降低肠绒毛高度(P<0.05),降低蛋白质表观消化系数(P<0.05)。总之,BLEND B 可完全替代日粮中的调频,对长臂猿的生长和健康有益。膳食可消化必需氨基酸指数(DEEAI)是一项重要指标,应高于 79.5%才能满足鱼类的最大生长需求。
{"title":"Effects of the Replacement of Dietary Fishmeal by the Blend of Tenebrio molitor Meal, Chlorella Meal, Clostridium Autoethanogenum Protein, and Cottonseed Protein Concentrate on Growth, Protein Utilization, and Intestinal Health of Gibel Carp (Carassius gibelio, CAS Ⅴ)","authors":"Yongning Yu, Xing Wang, Junyan Jin, Dong Han, Xiaoming Zhu, Haokun Liu, Zhimin Zhang, Yunxia Yang, Shouqi Xie","doi":"10.1155/2024/5019899","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5019899","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The trial was conducted to investigate the effects of the replacement of dietary fishmeal (FM) by the blend of <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> meal (TMM), <i>Chlorella</i> meal (CM), <i>Clostridium autoethanogenum</i> protein (CAP), cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) on growth, protein utilization and intestinal health of gibel carp (<i>Carassius gibelio</i>, CAS Ⅴ). The FM-based diet was used as the control, and the blended proteins (TMM: CM: CAP: CPC) at ratios of 1 : 1:8 : 2 (BLEND A), 1 : 1:6 : 4 (BLEND B), and 1 : 1:4 : 6 (BLEND C) were used to replace FM at three levels (33%, 67%, 100%), respectively. The results showed that, compared to the control group, growth performance increased significantly when dietary FM was fully replaced by BLEND B (<i>P</i> < 0.05), while decreased by BLEND A (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The complete substitution of FM with BLEND B significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of intestinal proinflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and tight junction-related genes (<i>P</i> < 0.05), improving intestinal tissue morphology and health. And it also significantly increased intestinal trypsin activity (<i>P</i> < 0.05), upregulated the mRNA expression of amino acid sensory receptor-related and amino acid or peptide transport-related genes (<i>P</i> < 0.05), increased protein apparent digestibility coefficient (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The 100% substitution of FM with BLEND A significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of intestinal proinflammatory cytokines and downregulated the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine <i>il-10</i> (<i>P</i> < 0.05), reduced intestinal villus height (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and decreased protein apparent digestibility coefficient (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, BLEND B could completely substitute dietary FM and was beneficial to the growth and health of gibel carp. Dietary digestible essential amino acids index (DEEAI) was found as an important indicator and should be higher than 79.5% to meet the maximum growth of fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 9-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary sources of astaxanthin on fillet coloration, texture, and nutrient composition in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Eight diets were formulated to contain 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 mg/kg astaxanthin from wall-broken Haematococcus pluvialis (WBHPA), 100 mg/kg astaxanthin from wall-unbroken H. pluvialis (WUHPA), or chemically synthesized astaxanthin (CSA). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of rainbow trout (mean initial weight of 561 g) twice daily (07:00 and 17:00) to apparent satiation for 9 weeks. Results showed that at the 100 mg/kg astaxanthin inclusion level, the CAS group had higher fillet gross energy, dorsal fillet redness, and dorsal fillet color card score compared to the WBHPA-100 group, with both being higher than the WUHPA group (P < 0.05). Fillet astaxanthin content, dorsal fillet yellowness, and lateral line redness and yellowness did not differ significantly between the CSA and WBHPA-100 groups (P > 0.05), but were higher than the WUHPA group. When WBHPA was used, the inclusion of 50–100 mg/kg decreased fillet lightness but increased fillet redness, while better fillet texture was served at 75–125 mg/kg. Dietary 25–125 mg/kg WBHPA inclusion increased fillet astaxanthin and gross energy concentrations, with minor effects on fatty acid compositions of fillet. Inclusion of over 100 mg/kg astaxanthin regardless of source decreased fillet threonine and serine contents, and the WBHPA-100 group had lower fillet glycine and alanine contents compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, CSA had the most significant impact on fillet coloration and energy deposition in rainbow trout, while WUHPA had the least favorable effect. Additionally, the wall-breaking treatment of H. pluvialis can improve the effect of astaxanthin on fillet coloration and nutrient composition in rainbow trout, with a recommended dose range of 75–100 mg/kg.
{"title":"Effects of Different Astaxanthin Sources on Fillet Coloration and Energy Deposition in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","authors":"Xiaoxue Meng, Fumei Yang, Lulu Zhu, Lingli Zhan, Toru Numasawa, Junming Deng","doi":"10.1155/2024/1664203","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1664203","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 9-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary sources of astaxanthin on fillet coloration, texture, and nutrient composition in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>). Eight diets were formulated to contain 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 mg/kg astaxanthin from wall-broken <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> (WBHPA), 100 mg/kg astaxanthin from wall-unbroken <i>H. pluvialis</i> (WUHPA), or chemically synthesized astaxanthin (CSA). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of rainbow trout (mean initial weight of 561 g) twice daily (07:00 and 17:00) to apparent satiation for 9 weeks. Results showed that at the 100 mg/kg astaxanthin inclusion level, the CAS group had higher fillet gross energy, dorsal fillet redness, and dorsal fillet color card score compared to the WBHPA-100 group, with both being higher than the WUHPA group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Fillet astaxanthin content, dorsal fillet yellowness, and lateral line redness and yellowness did not differ significantly between the CSA and WBHPA-100 groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05), but were higher than the WUHPA group. When WBHPA was used, the inclusion of 50–100 mg/kg decreased fillet lightness but increased fillet redness, while better fillet texture was served at 75–125 mg/kg. Dietary 25–125 mg/kg WBHPA inclusion increased fillet astaxanthin and gross energy concentrations, with minor effects on fatty acid compositions of fillet. Inclusion of over 100 mg/kg astaxanthin regardless of source decreased fillet threonine and serine contents, and the WBHPA-100 group had lower fillet glycine and alanine contents compared to the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, CSA had the most significant impact on fillet coloration and energy deposition in rainbow trout, while WUHPA had the least favorable effect. Additionally, the wall-breaking treatment of <i>H. pluvialis</i> can improve the effect of astaxanthin on fillet coloration and nutrient composition in rainbow trout, with a recommended dose range of 75–100 mg/kg.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard Le Boucher, Weiqiang Chung, Jessalin Ng Kai Lin, Lydia Shun En Tan, Co Sin Lee
Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFM) from Hermetia illucens has emerged as a dependable protein source in aquaculture. This study aimed to assess BSFM’s digestibility in barramundi juveniles and compare it to soy protein concentrate meal (SPCM). Four diets (control, 30% BSFM; 30% SPCM; and commercial feed control) were tested on 1,800 barramundi juveniles (weight: 71.1 g) over 51 days in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). The final body weight (FBW) of fish fed with BSFM reached 222.2 (± 8.7), with a thermal-unit growth coefficient (TGC) of 4.33 (± 0.15) and a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.04 (± 0.01). While BSFM and SPCM inclusion did not significantly impact FBW, body weight gain (BWG), TGC, or survival rates (P > 0.05), FCR increased. BSFM significantly raised total feed intake (P < 0.05) but did not affect daily feed intake (P > 0.05). Importantly, BSFM and SPCM inclusion did not alter diet apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) for any nutrient groups (P > 0.05), with BSFM showing high ADC for dry matter (76.8%), crude protein (93.2%), and gross energy (83.9%). No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in these ADCs between BSFM and SPCM. The high digestibility of BSFM in warm seawater RAS (29.4°C) under high stocking density (33.7 kg m−3) supports its efficacy in contemporary barramundi farming.
{"title":"Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal vs. Soy Protein Concentrate Meal: A Comparative Digestibility Study in Barramundi (Lates calcarifer)","authors":"Richard Le Boucher, Weiqiang Chung, Jessalin Ng Kai Lin, Lydia Shun En Tan, Co Sin Lee","doi":"10.1155/2024/3237898","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3237898","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFM) from <i>Hermetia illucens</i> has emerged as a dependable protein source in aquaculture. This study aimed to assess BSFM’s digestibility in barramundi juveniles and compare it to soy protein concentrate meal (SPCM). Four diets (control, 30% BSFM; 30% SPCM; and commercial feed control) were tested on 1,800 barramundi juveniles (weight: 71.1 g) over 51 days in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). The final body weight (FBW) of fish fed with BSFM reached 222.2 (± 8.7), with a thermal-unit growth coefficient (TGC) of 4.33 (± 0.15) and a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.04 (± 0.01). While BSFM and SPCM inclusion did not significantly impact FBW, body weight gain (BWG), TGC, or survival rates (<i>P</i> > 0.05), FCR increased. BSFM significantly raised total feed intake (<i>P</i> < 0.05) but did not affect daily feed intake (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Importantly, BSFM and SPCM inclusion did not alter diet apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) for any nutrient groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05), with BSFM showing high ADC for dry matter (76.8%), crude protein (93.2%), and gross energy (83.9%). No significant difference (<i>P</i> > 0.05) was observed in these ADCs between BSFM and SPCM. The high digestibility of BSFM in warm seawater RAS (29.4°C) under high stocking density (33.7 kg m<sup>−3</sup>) supports its efficacy in contemporary barramundi farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140210861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, our aim was to assess the effect of dietary black soldier fly oil (BSFO) with different lipid contents on the growth performance, body composition, lipid metabolism, and related gene expression in juvenile mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio var. specularis). An 8-week feeding trial was conducted using four isonitrogenous diets (32.0% crude protein) containing two lipid levels: 6% (control (CT) group) and 9% (high lipid (HL) group), both using soybean oil as the oil source. The other two diets contained BSFO on the basis of 6% and 9% lipid, referred to as (CT + BSFO) and (HL + BSFO) groups. The results showed that final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, protein retention ratio, and feed utilization were significantly increased by using higher dietary lipid levels (P < 0.05). Additionally, the gene expression of lipid synthesis markers was significantly up-regulated in intra-peritoneal fat but significantly down-regulated in the hepatopancreas due to increased dietary lipid level (P < 0.05). No negative effects on feed utilization or growth performance were observed in fish fed diets containing BSFO. However, the intra-peritoneal fat index, adipocyte size, and hepatopancreas lipid content were significantly decreased in the CT + BSFO group compared to the CT group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, BSFO also up-regulated the expression of lipid lipolysis markers in the hepatopancreas and intra-peritoneal fat (P < 0.05). Moreover, the use of BSFO also increased the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) while reducing the content of n-6 PUFA in the muscle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, HL diets improved the growth of the fish and increased the lipid deposition. BSFO in the diet resulted in a reduction of lipid deposition in the hepatopancreas and intra-peritoneal fat, likely due to an increase in lipid oxidation.
{"title":"Black Soldier Fly Oil in Different Lipid Diets Could Regulate Tissue Lipid Metabolism and Fatty Acid Composition of Juvenile Mirror Carp","authors":"Xinxin Xu, Beibei Ji, Ronghua Lu, Hong Ji","doi":"10.1155/2024/8718694","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8718694","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the present study, our aim was to assess the effect of dietary black soldier fly oil (BSFO) with different lipid contents on the growth performance, body composition, lipid metabolism, and related gene expression in juvenile mirror carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i> var. specularis). An 8-week feeding trial was conducted using four isonitrogenous diets (32.0% crude protein) containing two lipid levels: 6% (control (CT) group) and 9% (high lipid (HL) group), both using soybean oil as the oil source. The other two diets contained BSFO on the basis of 6% and 9% lipid, referred to as (CT + BSFO) and (HL + BSFO) groups. The results showed that final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, protein retention ratio, and feed utilization were significantly increased by using higher dietary lipid levels (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Additionally, the gene expression of lipid synthesis markers was significantly up-regulated in intra-peritoneal fat but significantly down-regulated in the hepatopancreas due to increased dietary lipid level (<i>P</i> < 0.05). No negative effects on feed utilization or growth performance were observed in fish fed diets containing BSFO. However, the intra-peritoneal fat index, adipocyte size, and hepatopancreas lipid content were significantly decreased in the CT + BSFO group compared to the CT group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, BSFO also up-regulated the expression of lipid lipolysis markers in the hepatopancreas and intra-peritoneal fat (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Moreover, the use of BSFO also increased the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) while reducing the content of n-6 PUFA in the muscle (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, HL diets improved the growth of the fish and increased the lipid deposition. BSFO in the diet resulted in a reduction of lipid deposition in the hepatopancreas and intra-peritoneal fat, likely due to an increase in lipid oxidation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiali Mi, Dan Liu, Shaoyang Zhi, Xiao Yan, Chaobin Qin, Xinxin Xu, Luming Wang, Guoxing Nie
Among the polyphenolic compounds commonly found in green tea, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is known to have various functions, including the promotion of antioxidant and myofiber growth in mammals. However, the effect of EGCG on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) remains poorly understood. To evaluate the role of EGCG on juvenile common carp, 255 fish (initial weight 17.33 ± 0.34 g) were fed with five experimental diets containing 0, 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg EGCG. The results showed that diet supplementation with 0.05–0.5 g/kg EGCG supplementation significantly enhanced the specific growth rate (SGR) and reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Weight gain rate (WGR) was significantly enhanced in the 0.25 and 0.5 g/kg EGCG groups. As for antioxidants, 0.25–1 g/kg EGCG significantly reduced protein carbonyl (PC) content and upregulated superoxide dismutase (sod) gene expression in the muscle. As for muscle nutritional composition, 0.05–0.5 g/kg EGCG increased total amino acid (TAA) and flavor amino acid (FAA) contents, likely via the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Muscle n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) content was increased with 0.5 g/kg EGCG, presumably owing to the upregulation of fatty acyl elongase 5 (elovl5), long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 6 (acsl6), and peroxisome proliferator-actiated receptor α (pparα). Dietary EGCG (0.05–1 g/kg) significantly increased muscle hardness and chewiness, accompanied by an increase in myofiber density. EGCG supplementation (0.25–1 g/kg) increased the pH value and reduced lactate contents in the muscle. However, muscle crude lipid and hydroxyproline contents significantly decreased with 1 g/kg EGCG. Overall, quadratic regression analysis of WGR, SGR, TAA, and FAA showed that optimal EGCG (0.46–0.52 g/kg) dietary supplementation improved the growth and nutritional composition of juvenile common carp.
{"title":"(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-Gallate Regulates Muscle Growth, Antioxidant Status, and Nutritional Composition of Juvenile Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)","authors":"Jiali Mi, Dan Liu, Shaoyang Zhi, Xiao Yan, Chaobin Qin, Xinxin Xu, Luming Wang, Guoxing Nie","doi":"10.1155/2024/7134404","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7134404","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Among the polyphenolic compounds commonly found in green tea, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is known to have various functions, including the promotion of antioxidant and myofiber growth in mammals. However, the effect of EGCG on common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i> L.) remains poorly understood. To evaluate the role of EGCG on juvenile common carp, 255 fish (initial weight 17.33 ± 0.34 g) were fed with five experimental diets containing 0, 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg EGCG. The results showed that diet supplementation with 0.05–0.5 g/kg EGCG supplementation significantly enhanced the specific growth rate (SGR) and reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Weight gain rate (WGR) was significantly enhanced in the 0.25 and 0.5 g/kg EGCG groups. As for antioxidants, 0.25–1 g/kg EGCG significantly reduced protein carbonyl (PC) content and upregulated superoxide dismutase (<i>sod</i>) gene expression in the muscle. As for muscle nutritional composition, 0.05–0.5 g/kg EGCG increased total amino acid (TAA) and flavor amino acid (FAA) contents, likely via the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Muscle n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) content was increased with 0.5 g/kg EGCG, presumably owing to the upregulation of fatty acyl elongase 5 (<i>elovl5</i>), long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 6 (<i>acsl6</i>), and peroxisome proliferator-actiated receptor <i>α</i> (<i>pparα</i>). Dietary EGCG (0.05–1 g/kg) significantly increased muscle hardness and chewiness, accompanied by an increase in myofiber density. EGCG supplementation (0.25–1 g/kg) increased the pH value and reduced lactate contents in the muscle. However, muscle crude lipid and hydroxyproline contents significantly decreased with 1 g/kg EGCG. Overall, quadratic regression analysis of WGR, SGR, TAA, and FAA showed that optimal EGCG (0.46–0.52 g/kg) dietary supplementation improved the growth and nutritional composition of juvenile common carp.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140227091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The quality of crustacean aquatic products is affected by feed. Cholesterol (CHO), an essential element for crustacean growth, has been widely supplemented in diet, but its food quality regulation remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary CHO levels (0.12%, 1.00%, and 2.50%) on the nutritional value and flavor quality in the edible parts of female swimming crabs (Portunus trituberculatus). Results showed that dietary CHO levels significantly increased lipid content in the hepatopancreas and promoted the accumulation of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in the hepatopancreas and muscle by activating the gene expression related to biosynthesis pathways. However, with dietary CHO levels increased, protein content in muscle decreased significantly. This may be related to dietary CHO supplementation (especially 2.50% CHO level) suppressed amino acid accumulation in the hepatopancreas and muscle by downregulating the target of the rapamycin pathway and upregulating amino acid catabolism-related genes. Moreover, 1.00% CHO treatment had higher relative levels of volatiles, producing grassy, fruity, and fatty odors in muscle, which may be due to the upregulation of the branched-chain amino acid transaminase (bcat) expression level. Dietary CHO weakened nucleotide and free amino acid accumulation in hepatopancreas and muscle. Overall, this study suggests that dietary 1.00% CHO level had higher LC-PUFA and pleasing flavor substances in muscle but was not conducive to hepatopancreatic protein and flavor nucleotide deposition of swimming crab.
甲壳类水产品的质量受到饲料的影响。胆固醇(CHO)是甲壳类动物生长所必需的元素,已被广泛补充到日粮中,但其对食品质量的调节作用仍不明确。本研究旨在探讨不同膳食 CHO 水平(0.12%、1.00% 和 2.50%)对雌性游蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)可食部分的营养价值和风味质量的影响。结果表明,通过激活生物合成途径相关基因的表达,膳食 CHO 水平可显著提高肝胰脏中的脂质含量,并促进 n-3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸在肝胰脏和肌肉中的积累。然而,随着膳食 CHO 含量的增加,肌肉中的蛋白质含量显著下降。这可能与膳食补充 CHO(尤其是 2.50% CHO 水平)通过下调雷帕霉素靶途径和上调氨基酸分解代谢相关基因,抑制了氨基酸在肝胰脏和肌肉中的积累有关。此外,1.00% CHO 处理的挥发性物质相对水平较高,在肌肉中产生青草味、果味和脂肪味,这可能是由于支链氨基酸转氨酶(bcat)表达水平的上调。膳食 CHO 削弱了核苷酸和游离氨基酸在肝胰腺和肌肉中的积累。总之,本研究表明,日粮中 1.00% 的 CHO 水平在肌肉中具有较高的 LC-PUFA 和愉悦的风味物质,但不利于游蟹肝胰腺蛋白质和风味核苷酸的沉积。
{"title":"Cholesterol Modifies Nutritional Values and Flavor Qualities in Female Swimming Crab (Portunus trituberculatus)","authors":"Tingting Zhu, Min Jin, Hongyu Peng, Wenli Zhao, Yuedong Shen, Shichao Xie, Qicun Zhou","doi":"10.1155/2024/7067588","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7067588","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The quality of crustacean aquatic products is affected by feed. Cholesterol (CHO), an essential element for crustacean growth, has been widely supplemented in diet, but its food quality regulation remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary CHO levels (0.12%, 1.00%, and 2.50%) on the nutritional value and flavor quality in the edible parts of female swimming crabs (<i>Portunus trituberculatus</i>). Results showed that dietary CHO levels significantly increased lipid content in the hepatopancreas and promoted the accumulation of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in the hepatopancreas and muscle by activating the gene expression related to biosynthesis pathways. However, with dietary CHO levels increased, protein content in muscle decreased significantly. This may be related to dietary CHO supplementation (especially 2.50% CHO level) suppressed amino acid accumulation in the hepatopancreas and muscle by downregulating the target of the rapamycin pathway and upregulating amino acid catabolism-related genes. Moreover, 1.00% CHO treatment had higher relative levels of volatiles, producing grassy, fruity, and fatty odors in muscle, which may be due to the upregulation of the branched-chain amino acid transaminase (<i>bcat</i>) expression level. Dietary CHO weakened nucleotide and free amino acid accumulation in hepatopancreas and muscle. Overall, this study suggests that dietary 1.00% CHO level had higher LC-PUFA and pleasing flavor substances in muscle but was not conducive to hepatopancreatic protein and flavor nucleotide deposition of swimming crab.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}