Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh, Mahmoud Nafisi Bahabadi, Vahid Morshedi, Amin Oujifard, Naser Agh, Ahmad Ghasemi, Khalegh Maneii, Hadi Ebrahimi, Shirin Hamedi, Rezvan Tamadoni
A 30-day research was carried out to examine the impacts of dietary taurine (Tau) on ovaries maturation and physiological responses of Penaeus vannamei female brooders (29.4 ± 0.2 g). A basal diet (497 g kg−1 protein and 140 g kg−1 lipid) was administered with graded levels of Tau ranging from 0 (control) to 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g kg−1. A total of 180 shrimp brooders were stocked into 18 250 L black circular polyethylene tanks. Female (n = 5) and male (n = 5) shrimps were stocked in each tank and supplied with seawater (35.2 ± 3.1 g L−1 salinity, 28.9 ± 1.4°C) and the experimental feeds were offered to shrimp twice a day at 5% of their biomass. Supplementing diet with 4–8 g Tau kg−1 reduced latency period after eye stalk ablation to spawning (5–6 days) that was associated with higher hepatopancreatic and gonadosomatic (except for 8 g Tau kg−1 diet) indices (p < 0.05). With 10 g Tau kg−1 diet hepatopancreas glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity increased and catalase activity increased by 6 g Tau kg−1 diet. Supplementing diet with Tau-enhanced bile-salt dependent lipase activity in the gut. Docosahexaenoic acid and Tau levels were elevated in the ovaries with the increment of dietary Tau level (p < 0.05). Plasma total protein, calcium, cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein increased with inclusion of 6–10 g Tau kg−1 diet. The transcription levels of vitellogenin, insulin-like growth factor II, superoxide dismutase, prophenoloxidase, and lysozyme genes transcription levels were upregulated in the hepatopancreas of shrimp brooders fed 6–10 g Tau kg−1 diet (p < 0.05). It seems that Tau at 4–8 g kg−1 diet by modulating lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and immunocompetence can improve maturation and health status of P. vannamei brooders.
我们进行了一项为期 30 天的研究，以考察膳食牛磺酸（Tau）对万年青雌性育雏鱼（29.4 ± 0.2 克）卵巢成熟和生理反应的影响。在基础日粮（497 克/千克-1 蛋白质和 140 克/千克-1 脂肪）中添加 0（对照组）到 2、4、6、8 和 10 克/千克-1 的分级牛磺酸。在 18 个 250 升黑色圆形聚乙烯水槽中总共投放了 180 尾育雏虾。每个水箱中放养雌性（n = 5）和雄性（n = 5）对虾，并提供海水（盐度为 35.2 ± 3.1 g L-1，温度为 28.9 ± 1.4°C），每天两次向对虾投喂占其生物量 5%的试验饲料。添加 4-8 g Tau kg-1 的饲料可缩短眼柄消融后到产卵的潜伏期（5-6 天），这与较高的肝胰腺和性腺（8 g Tau kg-1 饲料除外）指数有关（p < 0.05）。10 g Tau kg-1 日粮可提高肝胰脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和总抗氧化能力，6 g Tau kg-1 日粮可提高过氧化氢酶活性。在日粮中添加 Tau 可增强肠道中依赖胆盐的脂肪酶活性。随着膳食中 Tau 含量的增加，卵巢中的二十二碳六烯酸和 Tau 含量也随之升高（p < 0.05）。血浆总蛋白、钙、胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白随着 6-10 g Tau kg-1 日粮的添加而增加。在饲喂 6-10 g Tau kg-1 日粮的对虾育雏期，肝胰脏中的卵黄素、胰岛素样生长因子 II、超氧化物歧化酶、丙酚氧化酶和溶菌酶基因转录水平上调（p < 0.05）。由此看来，4-8 g kg-1 的 Tau 通过调节脂质代谢、抗氧化能力和免疫能力可改善凡纳滨对虾育苗虾的成熟和健康状况。
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Taurine on Maturation Indices, Antioxidant Capacity, Ovaries Amino and Fatty Acids Profile, and Vitellogenin Gene Transcription Level in Penaeus vannamei Female Brooders","authors":"Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh, Mahmoud Nafisi Bahabadi, Vahid Morshedi, Amin Oujifard, Naser Agh, Ahmad Ghasemi, Khalegh Maneii, Hadi Ebrahimi, Shirin Hamedi, Rezvan Tamadoni","doi":"10.1155/2024/5532545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5532545","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>A 30-day research was carried out to examine the impacts of dietary taurine (Tau) on ovaries maturation and physiological responses of <i>Penaeus vannamei</i> female brooders (29.4 ± 0.2 g). A basal diet (497 g kg<sup>−1</sup> protein and 140 g kg<sup>−1</sup> lipid) was administered with graded levels of Tau ranging from 0 (control) to 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g kg<sup>−1</sup>. A total of 180 shrimp brooders were stocked into 18 250 L black circular polyethylene tanks. Female (<i>n</i> = 5) and male (<i>n</i> = 5) shrimps were stocked in each tank and supplied with seawater (35.2 ± 3.1 g L<sup>−1</sup> salinity, 28.9 ± 1.4°C) and the experimental feeds were offered to shrimp twice a day at 5% of their biomass. Supplementing diet with 4–8 g Tau kg<sup>−1</sup> reduced latency period after eye stalk ablation to spawning (5–6 days) that was associated with higher hepatopancreatic and gonadosomatic (except for 8 g Tau kg<sup>−1</sup> diet) indices (<i>p</i> < 0.05). With 10 g Tau kg<sup>−1</sup> diet hepatopancreas glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity increased and catalase activity increased by 6 g Tau kg<sup>−1</sup> diet. Supplementing diet with Tau-enhanced bile-salt dependent lipase activity in the gut. Docosahexaenoic acid and Tau levels were elevated in the ovaries with the increment of dietary Tau level (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Plasma total protein, calcium, cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein increased with inclusion of 6–10 g Tau kg<sup>−1</sup> diet. The transcription levels of <i>vitellogenin</i>, <i>insulin-like growth factor II</i>, <i>superoxide dismutase</i>, <i>prophenoloxidase</i>, and <i>lysozyme</i> genes transcription levels were upregulated in the hepatopancreas of shrimp brooders fed 6–10 g Tau kg<sup>−1</sup> diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). It seems that Tau at 4–8 g kg<sup>−1</sup> diet by modulating lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and immunocompetence can improve maturation and health status of <i>P. vannamei</i> brooders.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5532545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <p>The dietary lipid level is closely associated with ovarian maturation of broodstock. However, optimal lipid requirements during broodstock gonad development for aquatic animals remain limited. In order to assess the impact of dietary lipid levels (6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 14% lipid, denoted as L6%, L8%, L10%, L12%, and L14%) on the ovarian maturation, antioxidant status, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of genes involved in the lipid metabolism of <i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i> broodstock (initial weight 10.53 ± 1.97 g), this study carried out an 8-week feeding experiment. The findings showed that while there was no significant difference in the survival rate across the groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05), the weight gain observed in prawns fed the 8% lipid-level diet was significantly higher than those fed other diets (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The hepatosomatic index and the gonadosomatic index showed a significant increase with the rise in dietary lipid level (<i>p</i> < 0.05). More ovaries from <i>M. rosenbergii</i> broodstock reached stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ after being supplemented with dietary lipid levels between 8% and 14%. Serum glucose content did not show any significant difference among all groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05), but serum triglyceride and total cholesterol content increased followed by a decreasing trend with increasing levels of dietary lipids, both peaking in the prawns fed a 10% lipid-level diet. Furthermore, the progesterone (PROG) and 17<i>β</i>-estradiol (E<sub>2</sub>) content of prawns fed the 10% and 12% lipid-level diets were significantly higher compared to other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Based on serum E<sub>2</sub> and PROG content, the optimal lipid level needed for maximal ovarian maturation was determined to be 11.79% and 10.88%, respectively. Moreover, there were more endogenous vitellogenic oocytes in prawns fed 8% and 10% lipid-level diets, with a more compact arrangement compared to the less tightly arranged structure of the ovarian tissue in prawns fed other diets. With the increase in dietary lipid levels, there was a significant increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase. The activities of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase initially increased and then decreased significantly, peaking at prawns fed 8% and 10% lipid-level diets, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The malondialdehyde content reached its lowest point in prawns fed a diet containing 10% lipid. In addition, the mRNA expressions of hepatopancreatic diacylglycerol acyltransferase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase showed the highest values in prawns fed a 10% lipid diet. Conversely, there was a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a in the hepatopancreatic as dietary lipid levels increased. The highest mRNA expression of fatty acid-binding proteins was observed in prawns fed an 8% lipid diet. In conclusion, dietary lipid levels ranging from 8% to 11.79% are beneficial for ovarian
{"title":"The Dietary Lipid Requirement for Ovarian Maturation and Health in Female Giant River Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii Broodstock","authors":"Jiaxin Song, Yonghui Jian, Yuliang Xie, Jinghao Liang, Chaowei Shao, Xifang Pan, Zhiyuan Chen, Qiuyu Gao, Youqin Kong, Qiyou Xu, Zhili Ding","doi":"10.1155/2024/7462841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7462841","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The dietary lipid level is closely associated with ovarian maturation of broodstock. However, optimal lipid requirements during broodstock gonad development for aquatic animals remain limited. In order to assess the impact of dietary lipid levels (6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 14% lipid, denoted as L6%, L8%, L10%, L12%, and L14%) on the ovarian maturation, antioxidant status, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of genes involved in the lipid metabolism of <i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i> broodstock (initial weight 10.53 ± 1.97 g), this study carried out an 8-week feeding experiment. The findings showed that while there was no significant difference in the survival rate across the groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05), the weight gain observed in prawns fed the 8% lipid-level diet was significantly higher than those fed other diets (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The hepatosomatic index and the gonadosomatic index showed a significant increase with the rise in dietary lipid level (<i>p</i> < 0.05). More ovaries from <i>M. rosenbergii</i> broodstock reached stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ after being supplemented with dietary lipid levels between 8% and 14%. Serum glucose content did not show any significant difference among all groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05), but serum triglyceride and total cholesterol content increased followed by a decreasing trend with increasing levels of dietary lipids, both peaking in the prawns fed a 10% lipid-level diet. Furthermore, the progesterone (PROG) and 17<i>β</i>-estradiol (E<sub>2</sub>) content of prawns fed the 10% and 12% lipid-level diets were significantly higher compared to other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Based on serum E<sub>2</sub> and PROG content, the optimal lipid level needed for maximal ovarian maturation was determined to be 11.79% and 10.88%, respectively. Moreover, there were more endogenous vitellogenic oocytes in prawns fed 8% and 10% lipid-level diets, with a more compact arrangement compared to the less tightly arranged structure of the ovarian tissue in prawns fed other diets. With the increase in dietary lipid levels, there was a significant increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase. The activities of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase initially increased and then decreased significantly, peaking at prawns fed 8% and 10% lipid-level diets, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The malondialdehyde content reached its lowest point in prawns fed a diet containing 10% lipid. In addition, the mRNA expressions of hepatopancreatic diacylglycerol acyltransferase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase showed the highest values in prawns fed a 10% lipid diet. Conversely, there was a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a in the hepatopancreatic as dietary lipid levels increased. The highest mRNA expression of fatty acid-binding proteins was observed in prawns fed an 8% lipid diet. In conclusion, dietary lipid levels ranging from 8% to 11.79% are beneficial for ovarian ","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/7462841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaowen Xue, Yiman Chen, Zhide Yu, Yuwei Feng, Linan Zhang, Chong Han, Xiaoli Yin, Baoyue Lu, Hu Shu
In this study, four groups of diet were prepared, with eel commercial diet without hydrolyzable tannin (HT) as the control group (H0), and the other three groups were fed with diet containing 0.05% (H1), 0.1% (H2), and 0.2% (H3) doses of HT to juvenile Mastacembelus armatus with an initial body weight of (0.40 ± 0.005) g. Juvenile fish in all groups were fed continuously for 60 days. Growth indices, hepatopancreatic antioxidant enzymes, biochemical indices (including total superoxide dismutase [T-SOD], catalase [CAT], malondialdehyde [MDA], total antioxidant capacity [T-AOC], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [AKP], and triglyceride [TG]), the content of muscle amino acids and fatty acids, stomach and intestine enzyme activities (pepsin, amylase, lipase), and genes expressions were evaluated. The results showed that 0.1% HT significantly improved the growth performance, hepatopancreatic antioxidant capacity, as well as muscle quality and lipase activity of juvenile M. armatus. In summary, the optimal addition level of HT in the diet of juvenile M. armatus is 0.1%, which helps to improve aquaculture efficiency and improve the muscle quality of M. armatus. However, the long-term effects of feeding HT on M. armatus and its physiological reaction mechanism need to be further explored.
{"title":"Effects of Diet Supplemented With Hydrolyzable Tannin on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Muscle Nutritional Quality of Juvenile Mastacembelus armatus","authors":"Xiaowen Xue, Yiman Chen, Zhide Yu, Yuwei Feng, Linan Zhang, Chong Han, Xiaoli Yin, Baoyue Lu, Hu Shu","doi":"10.1155/2024/8266189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8266189","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In this study, four groups of diet were prepared, with eel commercial diet without hydrolyzable tannin (HT) as the control group (H0), and the other three groups were fed with diet containing 0.05% (H1), 0.1% (H2), and 0.2% (H3) doses of HT to juvenile <i>Mastacembelus armatus</i> with an initial body weight of (0.40 ± 0.005) g. Juvenile fish in all groups were fed continuously for 60 days. Growth indices, hepatopancreatic antioxidant enzymes, biochemical indices (including total superoxide dismutase [T-SOD], catalase [CAT], malondialdehyde [MDA], total antioxidant capacity [T-AOC], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [AKP], and triglyceride [TG]), the content of muscle amino acids and fatty acids, stomach and intestine enzyme activities (pepsin, amylase, lipase), and genes expressions were evaluated. The results showed that 0.1% HT significantly improved the growth performance, hepatopancreatic antioxidant capacity, as well as muscle quality and lipase activity of juvenile <i>M. armatus</i>. In summary, the optimal addition level of HT in the diet of juvenile <i>M. armatus</i> is 0.1%, which helps to improve aquaculture efficiency and improve the muscle quality of <i>M. armatus</i>. However, the long-term effects of feeding HT on <i>M. armatus</i> and its physiological reaction mechanism need to be further explored.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/8266189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Gao, Ling Wang, Jian Zhang, Kangle Lu, Kai Song, Xueshan Li, Chunxiao Zhang
This study investigated the effect of dietary lipid levels on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, digestive enzyme activity, and metamorphosis rate of bullfrog (Aquarana catesbeianus) tadpoles. A total of six isonitrogenous diets were prepared, each containing 4.46% (L5), 6.95% (L7), 9.10% (L9), 10.90% (L11), 12.34% (L13), and 15.00% (L15) crude lipid content. The experimental diets were administered to triplicates of tadpoles (stage 25, 0.007 g) twice daily for 75 days with a daily feeding rate of 6.50% of their body weight. Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), crude protein content of the whole body, apparent digestibility of dry matter and gross energy, intestinal lipase (LPS) capacity, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I) and contents of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the liver, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content in the serum, and metamorphosis rate at stages 40 and 41 increased as the dietary lipid level increased from 4.46% to 12.34% and then decreased. As the dietary lipid level increased from 4.46% to 10.90%, the protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein deposition rate (PDR), lipid deposition rate (LDR), crude lipid content and gross energy of the whole body, apparent digestibility of the crude lipid, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities in the liver, and the intestinal trypsin (TPS) activity all increased and then decreased. According to the second-order polynomial regression analysis of the WG and metamorphosis rate at stage 41 to the dietary lipid level, the ideal dietary lipid content for tadpoles was 11.08% and 10.72%, respectively. Overall, the appropriate dietary lipid level for bullfrog tadpoles was found to be 10.72%–11.08% of the diet.
{"title":"Growth, Feed Utilization, Lipid Metabolism, and Metamorphosis of Bullfrog (Aquarana catesbeianus) Tadpoles Fed Diets With Different Lipid Levels","authors":"Juan Gao, Ling Wang, Jian Zhang, Kangle Lu, Kai Song, Xueshan Li, Chunxiao Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2024/5513496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5513496","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study investigated the effect of dietary lipid levels on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, digestive enzyme activity, and metamorphosis rate of bullfrog (<i>Aquarana catesbeianus</i>) tadpoles. A total of six isonitrogenous diets were prepared, each containing 4.46% (L5), 6.95% (L7), 9.10% (L9), 10.90% (L11), 12.34% (L13), and 15.00% (L15) crude lipid content. The experimental diets were administered to triplicates of tadpoles (stage 25, 0.007 g) twice daily for 75 days with a daily feeding rate of 6.50% of their body weight. Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), crude protein content of the whole body, apparent digestibility of dry matter and gross energy, intestinal lipase (LPS) capacity, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I) and contents of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the liver, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content in the serum, and metamorphosis rate at stages 40 and 41 increased as the dietary lipid level increased from 4.46% to 12.34% and then decreased. As the dietary lipid level increased from 4.46% to 10.90%, the protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein deposition rate (PDR), lipid deposition rate (LDR), crude lipid content and gross energy of the whole body, apparent digestibility of the crude lipid, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities in the liver, and the intestinal trypsin (TPS) activity all increased and then decreased. According to the second-order polynomial regression analysis of the WG and metamorphosis rate at stage 41 to the dietary lipid level, the ideal dietary lipid content for tadpoles was 11.08% and 10.72%, respectively. Overall, the appropriate dietary lipid level for bullfrog tadpoles was found to be 10.72%–11.08% of the diet.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5513496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuxiang Zhu, Kai Liao, Hailong Huang, Yang Liu, Yang Zhang, Deshui Chen, Bin Ma, Jilin Xu
Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is crucial for the optimal (Opt) growth of bivalves, but the precise dietary DHA requirement remains undetermined in bivalves. Our study identifies the optimal dietary DHA requirement for razor clam Sinonovacula constricta and demonstrates its effects on fatty acid profiles and gene expression related to inflammation and detoxification. Microencapsulated feeds with different DHA levels (DHA1–6 groups: 1.68, 4.85, 9.49, 12.6, 15.59, and 16.95 mg g−1 dry matter) were prepared using spray drying. Razor clams (initial wet weight: 3.8 ± 0.6 mg) were fed these microcapsules for a period of 20 days. The present study showed that the clams in the DHA1 group exhibited significantly lower weight and shell length gain rates compared to those in the DHA3, DHA4, DHA5, and DHA6 groups. Based on the shell length gain rate, the Opt dietary requirement of DHA for clam is approximately 6.42 mg g−1 dry matter. The clams in the DHA2 group had significantly higher crude lipid content compared to those in the DHA1 and DHA6 groups, while the clams in the DHA1 group had the highest ash content, significantly higher than that in the DHA4 and DHA6 groups. The DHA levels in the clams increased with the increase in DHA content in the microcapsules, while the levels of total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid (LA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) decreased. The mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (cox2) and 5-lipoxygenase type 2 (5-lox-2) were higher in the DHA1 and DHA6 groups compared to other microcapsule groups. As dietary DHA levels increased, the mRNA levels of nuclear factor kappa B (nfκb) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (nrf2) decreased. Additionally, the mRNA levels of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (gclc) and glutathione S-transferase (gst) were highest in the DHA1 group. This is the first study to determine the Opt DHA requirement for juvenile razor clams using microcapsules with different DHA levels, and this study further reveals that dietary DHA can help reduce inflammation and oxidative status in clams.
膳食中的二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）对双壳类动物的最佳（Opt）生长至关重要，但双壳类动物对膳食中 DHA 的精确需求仍未确定。我们的研究确定了缢蛏的最佳膳食 DHA 需求量，并证明了其对脂肪酸谱以及炎症和解毒相关基因表达的影响。采用喷雾干燥法制备了具有不同 DHA 含量的微胶囊饲料（DHA1-6 组：1.68、4.85、9.49、12.6、15.59 和 16.95 mg g-1 干物质）。给蛏子（初始湿重：3.8 ± 0.6 毫克）喂食这些微胶囊 20 天。本研究表明，与 DHA3、DHA4、DHA5 和 DHA6 组相比，DHA1 组蛏子的体重和壳长增加率明显较低。根据贝壳长度增加率，蛤蜊对 DHA 的日粮最佳需求量约为 6.42 毫克/克-1 干物质。与 DHA1 和 DHA6 组相比，DHA2 组的蛤蜊粗脂肪含量明显更高，而 DHA1 组的蛤蜊灰分含量最高，明显高于 DHA4 和 DHA6 组。随着微胶囊中 DHA 含量的增加，蛤蜊中的 DHA 含量也随之增加，而总 n-6 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、亚油酸（LA）和α-亚麻酸（ALA）的含量则有所下降。与其他微胶囊组相比，DHA1 和 DHA6 组的环氧化酶-2（cox2）和 5-脂氧合酶 2 型（5-lox-2）的 mRNA 水平较高。随着膳食中 DHA 含量的增加，核因子卡巴 B（nfκb）和核因子红细胞 2 相关因子 2（nrf2）的 mRNA 水平下降。此外，谷氨酸-半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基（gclc）和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶（gst）的 mRNA 水平在 DHA1 组中最高。这是首次使用不同 DHA 含量的微胶囊来确定稚蛏对 Opt DHA 需求量的研究，该研究进一步揭示了膳食 DHA 有助于减轻蛏子的炎症和氧化状态。
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Levels on Growth Performance, Fatty Acid Profile, and NF-κB/Nrf2 Pathway-Related Gene Expression of Razor Clam Sinonovacula constricta","authors":"Yuxiang Zhu, Kai Liao, Hailong Huang, Yang Liu, Yang Zhang, Deshui Chen, Bin Ma, Jilin Xu","doi":"10.1155/2024/9107191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9107191","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is crucial for the optimal (Opt) growth of bivalves, but the precise dietary DHA requirement remains undetermined in bivalves. Our study identifies the optimal dietary DHA requirement for razor clam <i>Sinonovacula constricta</i> and demonstrates its effects on fatty acid profiles and gene expression related to inflammation and detoxification. Microencapsulated feeds with different DHA levels (DHA1–6 groups: 1.68, 4.85, 9.49, 12.6, 15.59, and 16.95 mg g<sup>−1</sup> dry matter) were prepared using spray drying. Razor clams (initial wet weight: 3.8 ± 0.6 mg) were fed these microcapsules for a period of 20 days. The present study showed that the clams in the DHA1 group exhibited significantly lower weight and shell length gain rates compared to those in the DHA3, DHA4, DHA5, and DHA6 groups. Based on the shell length gain rate, the Opt dietary requirement of DHA for clam is approximately 6.42 mg g<sup>−1</sup> dry matter. The clams in the DHA2 group had significantly higher crude lipid content compared to those in the DHA1 and DHA6 groups, while the clams in the DHA1 group had the highest ash content, significantly higher than that in the DHA4 and DHA6 groups. The DHA levels in the clams increased with the increase in DHA content in the microcapsules, while the levels of total <i>n</i>-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid (LA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) decreased. The mRNA levels of <i>cyclooxygenase-2</i> (<i>cox2</i>) and <i>5-lipoxygenase type 2 (5-lox-2)</i> were higher in the DHA1 and DHA6 groups compared to other microcapsule groups. As dietary DHA levels increased, the mRNA levels of <i>nuclear factor kappa B (nfκb</i>) and <i>nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (nrf2</i>) decreased. Additionally, the mRNA levels of <i>glutamate-cysteine ligase</i> catalytic subunit (<i>gclc</i>) and <i>glutathione S-transferase</i> (<i>gst</i>) were highest in the DHA1 group. This is the first study to determine the Opt DHA requirement for juvenile razor clams using microcapsules with different DHA levels, and this study further reveals that dietary DHA can help reduce inflammation and oxidative status in clams.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9107191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dongwu Liu, Wenshuo Xie, Zhiling Xia, Ya Wang, Xinran Zhang, Qiuxiang Pang
Manganese (Mn) is a nutritional element required for fish growth and physiology functions. In this study, we examined the effect of Mn on the intestinal digestive function, antioxidant response, and muscle quality in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Nine hundred salmons with initial weight approximately 0.35 g were fed with six isoproteic and isoenergetic diets formulated to contain 2.4, 8.5, 14.8, 19.8, 24.6, and 33.7 mg/kg Mn for 84 days. The result showed that the activity of trypsin and lipase was elevated, whereas α-amylase activity was not affected by various Mn diets in intestine. Dietary Mn elevated the activity of Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and catalase (CAT), but had no influence on copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) in intestine. Dietary Mn at 8.5, 14.8, 19.8, 24.6, and 33.7 mg/kg enhanced the gene expression level of protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In addition, the accumulation of Mn in muscle was enhanced with increasing levels of dietary Mn. Dietary Mn elevated the content of sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), but the content of iron (Fe) and Zn was decreased by dietary Mn in the salmon muscle. The content of fatty acids and amino acids was enhanced by various levels of dietary Mn in muscle. Moreover, a significant quadratic effect was observed on the texture of salmon muscle. The dietary Mn requirement was 16.9–25.7 mg/kg Mn to acquire the highest value of muscle texture using the quadratic regression model. The diets at 14.8 and 19.8 mg/kg Mn had a higher score of sensory evaluation for raw muscle. Our result showed that dietary Mn affected the intestinal digestion function and antioxidant response, which may further result in the change of muscle quality in coho salmon. The result will provide reference for detecting the effect of dietary micronutrients on the muscle quality of salmons.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Dietary Manganese on the Intestinal Digestive Function, Antioxidant Response, and Muscle Quality in Coho Salmon","authors":"Dongwu Liu, Wenshuo Xie, Zhiling Xia, Ya Wang, Xinran Zhang, Qiuxiang Pang","doi":"10.1155/2024/9335479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9335479","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Manganese (Mn) is a nutritional element required for fish growth and physiology functions. In this study, we examined the effect of Mn on the intestinal digestive function, antioxidant response, and muscle quality in coho salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>). Nine hundred salmons with initial weight approximately 0.35 g were fed with six isoproteic and isoenergetic diets formulated to contain 2.4, 8.5, 14.8, 19.8, 24.6, and 33.7 mg/kg Mn for 84 days. The result showed that the activity of trypsin and lipase was elevated, whereas <i>α</i>-amylase activity was not affected by various Mn diets in intestine. Dietary Mn elevated the activity of Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and catalase (CAT), but had no influence on copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) in intestine. Dietary Mn at 8.5, 14.8, 19.8, 24.6, and 33.7 mg/kg enhanced the gene expression level of protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In addition, the accumulation of Mn in muscle was enhanced with increasing levels of dietary Mn. Dietary Mn elevated the content of sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), but the content of iron (Fe) and Zn was decreased by dietary Mn in the salmon muscle. The content of fatty acids and amino acids was enhanced by various levels of dietary Mn in muscle. Moreover, a significant quadratic effect was observed on the texture of salmon muscle. The dietary Mn requirement was 16.9–25.7 mg/kg Mn to acquire the highest value of muscle texture using the quadratic regression model. The diets at 14.8 and 19.8 mg/kg Mn had a higher score of sensory evaluation for raw muscle. Our result showed that dietary Mn affected the intestinal digestion function and antioxidant response, which may further result in the change of muscle quality in coho salmon. The result will provide reference for detecting the effect of dietary micronutrients on the muscle quality of salmons.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9335479","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ibrahim Adeshina, Bilal Ahamad Paray, Eijaz Ahmed Bhat, Shahid Sherzada, Olaolu O. Fawole, Dalhatu J. Bawa, Thais Pereira da Cruz, Lateef O. Tiamiyu
<div> <p>One of the most farmed fishes is the African catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i>. Its production has increased by 20% annually on average during the last 20 years, but the occurrence of fish diseases, especially bacterial such as <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> infections, is hindering its activities. Also, the incorporation of plant-derived substances in aquafeeds is limited since they frequently contain different antinutritional factors, like nonstarch polysaccharides (NSPs). However, supplementing fish diets with <i>β</i>-mannanase could increase growth, antioxidants, and immunity. Despite the advantage of <i>β</i>-mannanase, its effects on growth, digestive enzymes, antioxidants, and immunity in African catfish need to be elucidated. This study examined the effects of dietary β-mannanase on the growth performance, liver enzymes, antioxidant profiles, immunity, and protection of African catfish, <i>C. gariepinus</i>, against <i>A. hydrophila</i> infection. Five isonitrogenous diets were prepared to have 400 g/kg crude protein and supplemented with <i>β</i>-mannanase at 0, 1500, 3000, 4500, or 6000 thermostable endo, 1,4-<i>β</i>-mannanase units (TMUs)/kg diet and fed to 300 juveniles of the African catfish, <i>C. gariepinus</i> (mean weight 12.1 ± 0.1 g) for 12 weeks. Then, 10 fish from each tank received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mL of <i>A. hydrophila</i> (5.0 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/mL) and observed for 14 days. Results showed dietary <i>β</i>-mannanase levels considerably improved growth performance but did not affect fish survival. Also, amylase, protease, and lipase levels were significantly promoted in the fish fed with <i>β</i>-mannanase-fortified diets than the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Enhanced gut villi and intestinal absorption areas, haematlogical profiles, and liver enzymes but reduced gut viscosity were observed in fish-fed <i>β</i>-mannanase-fortified diets (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In a dose-dependent order, including <i>β</i>-mannanase in the meals of African catfish raised the levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) activities and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) values in African catfish (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Also, fish immunity was greatly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) enhanced due to supplementation of the diet with <i>β</i>-mannanase. In addition, fish-fed diets comprising 6000 TMU <i>β</i>-mannanase/kg diet showed the lowest rates of fish mortality (7.5%) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Therefore, feeding African catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i>, <i>β</i>-mannanase enhanced growth performance, increased activity of digestive enzymes, gut morphology, enhanced generation of short-chain fatty acids, digesta potential of hydrogen (pH), and improved antioxidant profiles and immunity at the optimum dose of 5800 TMU/kg diet. Additionally, <i>β</i>-mannanase protected African catfish against <i
{"title":"Dietary β-Mannanase Affects the Growth, Antioxidant, and Immunes Responses of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus, and Its Challenge Against Aeromonas hydrophila Infection","authors":"Ibrahim Adeshina, Bilal Ahamad Paray, Eijaz Ahmed Bhat, Shahid Sherzada, Olaolu O. Fawole, Dalhatu J. Bawa, Thais Pereira da Cruz, Lateef O. Tiamiyu","doi":"10.1155/2024/5263495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5263495","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>One of the most farmed fishes is the African catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i>. Its production has increased by 20% annually on average during the last 20 years, but the occurrence of fish diseases, especially bacterial such as <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> infections, is hindering its activities. Also, the incorporation of plant-derived substances in aquafeeds is limited since they frequently contain different antinutritional factors, like nonstarch polysaccharides (NSPs). However, supplementing fish diets with <i>β</i>-mannanase could increase growth, antioxidants, and immunity. Despite the advantage of <i>β</i>-mannanase, its effects on growth, digestive enzymes, antioxidants, and immunity in African catfish need to be elucidated. This study examined the effects of dietary β-mannanase on the growth performance, liver enzymes, antioxidant profiles, immunity, and protection of African catfish, <i>C. gariepinus</i>, against <i>A. hydrophila</i> infection. Five isonitrogenous diets were prepared to have 400 g/kg crude protein and supplemented with <i>β</i>-mannanase at 0, 1500, 3000, 4500, or 6000 thermostable endo, 1,4-<i>β</i>-mannanase units (TMUs)/kg diet and fed to 300 juveniles of the African catfish, <i>C. gariepinus</i> (mean weight 12.1 ± 0.1 g) for 12 weeks. Then, 10 fish from each tank received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mL of <i>A. hydrophila</i> (5.0 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/mL) and observed for 14 days. Results showed dietary <i>β</i>-mannanase levels considerably improved growth performance but did not affect fish survival. Also, amylase, protease, and lipase levels were significantly promoted in the fish fed with <i>β</i>-mannanase-fortified diets than the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Enhanced gut villi and intestinal absorption areas, haematlogical profiles, and liver enzymes but reduced gut viscosity were observed in fish-fed <i>β</i>-mannanase-fortified diets (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In a dose-dependent order, including <i>β</i>-mannanase in the meals of African catfish raised the levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) activities and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) values in African catfish (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Also, fish immunity was greatly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) enhanced due to supplementation of the diet with <i>β</i>-mannanase. In addition, fish-fed diets comprising 6000 TMU <i>β</i>-mannanase/kg diet showed the lowest rates of fish mortality (7.5%) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Therefore, feeding African catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i>, <i>β</i>-mannanase enhanced growth performance, increased activity of digestive enzymes, gut morphology, enhanced generation of short-chain fatty acids, digesta potential of hydrogen (pH), and improved antioxidant profiles and immunity at the optimum dose of 5800 TMU/kg diet. Additionally, <i>β</i>-mannanase protected African catfish against <i","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5263495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yun-Jie Lin, Xu-Nan Li, Xiu-Mei Chen, Jian-Ming Chen, Xiao-Yan Jin, Jia-Xin Sun, Xiao-Tian Niu, Yi-Di Kong, Min Li, Gui-Qin Wang
The circular aquaculture model of largemouth bass pond engineering has the characteristics of high yield and efficiency, but it is prone to stress caused by flow velocity and density, which affects the yield of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is believed to have the effect of improving growth and stress tolerance. We divided the largemouth bass into three groups: a control group, a flow rate and density combined stress group, and a combined stress feed supplemented with GABA (0.9%) group, and conducted a 60-day aquaculture experiment. The results showed that the final weight, weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed efficiency (FE) of largemouth bass significantly decreased in the combined stress group (P < 0.05). The serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) activity, and glucose (GLU), malondialdehyde (MDA) level of largemouth bass significantly higher than the control group, and the serum lysozyme (LZM) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). After adding GABA, the final weight, WGR, SGR, and FE decreased, and the serum GLU levels, AST, ALT activity, and MDA levels were downregulated, and the serum LZM activity and T-AOC of largemouth bass were upregulated. But most of the above are still at the level of the control group. Under combined stress, the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-I), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Blc2), nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while the mRNA expression levels of heat stress protein 70 (HSP70), heat stress protein 90 (HSP90), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Bax and keap1 genes were significantly increased (P < 0.05). After the exogenous addition of GABA, all the above genes have a certain degree of callback, but GH, HSP70, HSP90, IL-1β, Bax, Nrf2, CAT, and SOD have not yet reached the level of the control group. These results indicate that adding GABA to feed can alleviate the adverse effects of combined stress of flow rate and density to a certain extent and provide insights for solving the problems in the circular aquaculture model of largemouth bass.
{"title":"γ-Aminobutyric Acid Effectively Modulate Growth Performance, Physiological Response of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus Salmoides) Under Combined Stress of Flow Velocity and Density","authors":"Yun-Jie Lin, Xu-Nan Li, Xiu-Mei Chen, Jian-Ming Chen, Xiao-Yan Jin, Jia-Xin Sun, Xiao-Tian Niu, Yi-Di Kong, Min Li, Gui-Qin Wang","doi":"10.1155/2024/9180554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9180554","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The circular aquaculture model of largemouth bass pond engineering has the characteristics of high yield and efficiency, but it is prone to stress caused by flow velocity and density, which affects the yield of largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>). <i>γ</i>-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is believed to have the effect of improving growth and stress tolerance. We divided the largemouth bass into three groups: a control group, a flow rate and density combined stress group, and a combined stress feed supplemented with GABA (0.9%) group, and conducted a 60-day aquaculture experiment. The results showed that the final weight, weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed efficiency (FE) of largemouth bass significantly decreased in the combined stress group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) activity, and glucose (GLU), malondialdehyde (MDA) level of largemouth bass significantly higher than the control group, and the serum lysozyme (LZM) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly lower than the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). After adding GABA, the final weight, WGR, SGR, and FE decreased, and the serum GLU levels, AST, ALT activity, and MDA levels were downregulated, and the serum LZM activity and T-AOC of largemouth bass were upregulated. But most of the above are still at the level of the control group. Under combined stress, the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-I), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Blc2), nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes were significantly reduced (<i>P</i> < 0.05), while the mRNA expression levels of heat stress protein 70 (HSP70), heat stress protein 90 (HSP90), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin-1<i>β</i> (IL-1<i>β</i>), Bax and keap1 genes were significantly increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05). After the exogenous addition of GABA, all the above genes have a certain degree of callback, but GH, HSP70, HSP90, IL-1<i>β</i>, Bax, Nrf2, CAT, and SOD have not yet reached the level of the control group. These results indicate that adding GABA to feed can alleviate the adverse effects of combined stress of flow rate and density to a certain extent and provide insights for solving the problems in the circular aquaculture model of largemouth bass.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9180554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruixin Li, Wenkai Li, Jiaying Xie, Zhixiao Liu, Yi Xiao, Douglas R. Tocher, Cuiying Chen, Fan Lin, Xiaojuan Liu, Dizhi Xie, Yucong Hong, Shuqi Wang
Porphyra polysaccharide (PPS), derived from marine red seaweeds of the Porphyra genus, has been reported to improve growth performance, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant capability in animals. The present study investigated the effects of PPS supplementation to a high-carbohydrate diet on growth performance, lipid metabolism, immunity, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, and microbial composition in rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus). Rabbitfish were fed a basal starch diet (BSD, 15% starch) and high-starch diets (HSD, 25% starch) supplemented with varying levels of PPS (0%, 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5%) for 8 weeks. The results showed that HSD intake significantly decreased body weight and increased hepatosomatic index compared to rabbitfish fed BSD. But all dietary levels of PPS reversed these two indicators of fish fed HSD. In addition, the supplementation of 2.5% and 5% PPS significantly reduced the higher lipid contents in whole fish and abdominal muscle of fish fed HSD. Notably, 2.5% PPS reduced lipid droplets in the liver, possibly through the downregulation of genes associated with lipid synthesis and the upregulation of genes associated with lipid catabolism. Moreover, all levels of PPS supplementation decreased the higher serum alanine aminotransferase activity in fish fed HSD, indicating the alleviation of HSD-induced liver impairment. Additionally, PPS inclusion significantly increased the activity of serum lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, and catalase while decreasing serum malondialdehyde in fish fed HSD, suggesting improvements in immunity and antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, PPS inclusion mitigated damage to intestinal villi induced by HSD. Interestingly, 2.5% PPS increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes while reducing the abundance of Proteobacteria and Spirochetes, indicating the reshaping of gut microbiota. In summary, dietary PPS alleviated the negative effects of HSD on growth performance, lipid metabolism, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology and altered microbial composition in rabbitfish. This highlighted the beneficial effects of dietary PPS in fish and suggested it could contribute to the new strategies for treating metabolic syndrome and health impacts in aquatic animals.
{"title":"Porphyra Polysaccharides Alleviated High-Carbohydrate Diet-Induced Growth Retardation, Lipid Deposition, Impairment of Immune and Antioxidant Functions, and Intestinal Morphology in Rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus)","authors":"Ruixin Li, Wenkai Li, Jiaying Xie, Zhixiao Liu, Yi Xiao, Douglas R. Tocher, Cuiying Chen, Fan Lin, Xiaojuan Liu, Dizhi Xie, Yucong Hong, Shuqi Wang","doi":"10.1155/2024/7022813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7022813","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Porphyra</i> polysaccharide (PPS), derived from marine red seaweeds of the <i>Porphyra</i> genus, has been reported to improve growth performance, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant capability in animals. The present study investigated the effects of PPS supplementation to a high-carbohydrate diet on growth performance, lipid metabolism, immunity, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, and microbial composition in rabbitfish (<i>Siganus canaliculatus</i>). Rabbitfish were fed a basal starch diet (BSD, 15% starch) and high-starch diets (HSD, 25% starch) supplemented with varying levels of PPS (0%, 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5%) for 8 weeks. The results showed that HSD intake significantly decreased body weight and increased hepatosomatic index compared to rabbitfish fed BSD. But all dietary levels of PPS reversed these two indicators of fish fed HSD. In addition, the supplementation of 2.5% and 5% PPS significantly reduced the higher lipid contents in whole fish and abdominal muscle of fish fed HSD. Notably, 2.5% PPS reduced lipid droplets in the liver, possibly through the downregulation of genes associated with lipid synthesis and the upregulation of genes associated with lipid catabolism. Moreover, all levels of PPS supplementation decreased the higher serum alanine aminotransferase activity in fish fed HSD, indicating the alleviation of HSD-induced liver impairment. Additionally, PPS inclusion significantly increased the activity of serum lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, and catalase while decreasing serum malondialdehyde in fish fed HSD, suggesting improvements in immunity and antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, PPS inclusion mitigated damage to intestinal villi induced by HSD. Interestingly, 2.5% PPS increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes while reducing the abundance of Proteobacteria and Spirochetes, indicating the reshaping of gut microbiota. In summary, dietary PPS alleviated the negative effects of HSD on growth performance, lipid metabolism, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology and altered microbial composition in rabbitfish. This highlighted the beneficial effects of dietary PPS in fish and suggested it could contribute to the new strategies for treating metabolic syndrome and health impacts in aquatic animals.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/7022813","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long-term consumption of high-carbohydrate feed may adversely affect intestinal health of fish; however, the underlying roles remain ambiguous. This study examined the effects of varying carbohydrate levels on the intestinal flora of common carp and assessed how microbial metabolites influence intestinal health. Two hundred seventy common carps were chosen and distributed randomly into three groups that fed diets containing starch at levels of 15% (low-carbohydrate diet [LCD]), 28% (medium-carbohydrate diet [MCD]), and 45% (high-carbohydrate diet [HCD]) for 60 days. A significant increase in final body weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate within the MCD group, while feed conversion ratio exhibited a decrease in comparison to the other groups (p < 0.05). Feeding with a HCD led to decreased activity of catalase and increased malondialdehyde content, which was consistent with reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis results (p < 0.05). Specifically, the RT-qPCR results revealed that HCD treatment significantly upregulated il1β, il6, and il8 transcript levels. Whereas, the il10 messenger RNA (mRNA) was markedly reduced in comparison to the LCD group. Furthermore, the HCD group exhibited an increased abundance of Proteobacteria, accompanied by a reduction in Fusobacteria abundance, and also revealed an upsurge in opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, such as Aeromonas and Shewanella. The correlation analysis demonstrated negative correlations of anti-inflammatory active substances such as fucoxanthin, (S)-reticuline, hecogenin, and uridine with Aeromonas, but positive correlations with Luteolibacter. In summary, dietary carbohydrates might mediate intestinal flora to regulate their metabolites and affect intestinal inflammatory response.
{"title":"The Effect of High Levels Carbohydrate on Intestinal Microbiota, Metabolites, and Health of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)","authors":"Jinrui Xiong, Liping Yang, Luming Wang, Shaoyang Zhi, Mengjuan Zhao, Chunchu Xu, Leya Qu, Xiaorui Guo, Xiao Yan, Chaobin Qin, Guoxing Nie","doi":"10.1155/2024/7631021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7631021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Long-term consumption of high-carbohydrate feed may adversely affect intestinal health of fish; however, the underlying roles remain ambiguous. This study examined the effects of varying carbohydrate levels on the intestinal flora of common carp and assessed how microbial metabolites influence intestinal health. Two hundred seventy common carps were chosen and distributed randomly into three groups that fed diets containing starch at levels of 15% (low-carbohydrate diet [LCD]), 28% (medium-carbohydrate diet [MCD]), and 45% (high-carbohydrate diet [HCD]) for 60 days. A significant increase in final body weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate within the MCD group, while feed conversion ratio exhibited a decrease in comparison to the other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Feeding with a HCD led to decreased activity of catalase and increased malondialdehyde content, which was consistent with reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis results (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Specifically, the RT-qPCR results revealed that HCD treatment significantly upregulated <i>il1β</i>, <i>il6</i>, and <i>il8</i> transcript levels. Whereas, the <i>il10</i> messenger RNA (mRNA) was markedly reduced in comparison to the LCD group. Furthermore, the HCD group exhibited an increased abundance of <i>Proteobacteria</i>, accompanied by a reduction in <i>Fusobacteria</i> abundance, and also revealed an upsurge in opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, such as <i>Aeromonas</i> and <i>Shewanella</i>. The correlation analysis demonstrated negative correlations of anti-inflammatory active substances such as fucoxanthin, (S)-reticuline, hecogenin, and uridine with <i>Aeromonas</i>, but positive correlations with <i>Luteolibacter</i>. In summary, dietary carbohydrates might mediate intestinal flora to regulate their metabolites and affect intestinal inflammatory response.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/7631021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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