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Evaluation of Different Levels of Process Energy in Sorghum and Wheat-Based Diets on the Growth Performance of Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei 高粱和小麦日粮中不同加工能量水平对太平洋白对虾生长性能的评估
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1155/anu/1985325
Tucker Graff, Trinh Ngo, Donald Allen Davis, Sajid Alavi

This research evaluated the effect of different levels of extrusion process energy during the production of wheat and sorghum-based feeds on the growth performance and digestibility of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Process energy consisted of mechanical and thermal components, which were both modulated via varying preconditioner steam addition. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (36% protein) and isolipidic (8% fat), with three levels of thermal energy (TE) input during preconditioning (high, medium, and low). All diets showed increased starch gelatinization with increased TE, with the wheat-based diets undergoing a greater degree of gelatinization than the sorghum-based diets. There were no significant differences in final biomass, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), or survival among the different treatments. However, digestibility results showed that wheat-based diets had significantly higher apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for both protein and energy compared to sorghum-based diets. Overall, increased starch gelatinization that correlated with greater digestibility was observed, but this effect was reduced in the sorghum-based diets. These findings suggest that sorghum can be used as a viable alternative to wheat in shrimp feed without negatively impacting their growth performance, while also offering potential cost savings to producers.

这项研究评估了在生产以小麦和高粱为基础的饲料过程中,不同水平的挤压工艺能量对太平洋南美白对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能和消化率的影响。加工能量由机械和热能两部分组成,这两部分都是通过改变预调质器的蒸汽添加量来调节的。日粮配方为等氮(36% 蛋白质)和离脂(8% 脂肪),预处理期间的热能(TE)输入分为三个水平(高、中、低)。所有日粮的淀粉糊化程度都随着热能输入的增加而增加,其中小麦日粮的糊化程度高于高粱日粮。不同处理之间在最终生物量、增重、饲料转化率(FCR)和存活率方面没有明显差异。然而,消化率结果显示,与高粱日粮相比,小麦日粮的蛋白质和能量表观消化率系数(ADCs)明显更高。总体而言,淀粉糊化度的提高与消化率的提高相关,但这种效果在以高粱为基础的日粮中有所降低。这些研究结果表明,在对虾饲料中使用高粱替代小麦是可行的,不会对其生长性能产生负面影响,同时还能为生产者节省潜在的成本。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Dietary Fish Oil Levels on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, Hepatic Health, Nonspecific Immune Response, and Intestinal Microbial Community of Juvenile Amur Grayling (Thymallus grubii) 膳食鱼油水平对幼年阿穆尔灰尾鸭(Thymallus grubii)生长性能、脂质代谢、肝脏健康、非特异性免疫反应和肠道微生物群落的影响
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1155/anu/8587410
Shaoxia Lu, Chang’an Wang, Yang Liu, Bing Liu, Ying Zhang, Honghe Shi, Gefeng Xu, Shicheng Han, Hongbai Liu

This trial was conducted to assess the effects of different levels of dietary fish oil on growth performance, hepatic health, nonspecific immune responses, and intestinal microbial community of Amur grayling (Thymallus grubii). Five isonitrogenous diets containing 60 (6FO), 90 (9FO), 120 (12FO), 150 (15FO), and 180 g/kg (18FO) fish oil were fed to triplicate groups of 60 fish per tank for 8 weeks, respectively. The results revealed that specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) of fish in the 15FO group were significantly greater than those in the 6FO group (p < 0.05). Somatic indices and whole-body lipid levels were positively correlated with increases in dietary fish oil levels. Trypsin and lipase activities in 15FO and 18FO groups were significantly higher than those in the 6FO and 9FO groups (p < 0.05). The activities of intestinal catalase (CAT) and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, lysozyme (LZM), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and acid phosphatase (ACP) improved significantly as the dietary lipid content increased to 185.3 g/kg and decreased thereafter (p < 0.05). The lipid metabolism-related genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) were significantly downregulated and upregulated (p < 0.05), respectively, in the 15FO group. Immune-related genes in the liver and intestine, such as interleukin (IL-8), were significantly upregulated in the 15FO group (p < 0.05). The liver sections from 18FO group presented more numerous and larger lipid vacuoles. Both low- (6FO) and high-lipid (18FO) diets reduced the relative abundance of intestinal Lactococcus. The relative abundances of intestinal Staphylococcus and Bacillus (mainly Bacillus anthracis) increased in the low-lipid diet group and that of Pedobacter increased in the high-lipid diet group. Second-order polynomial analysis of WG and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) for varying levels of dietary lipid revealed that a range of 194.76–198.90 g/kg dietary lipid was optimal for the growth and health of Amur grayling.

本试验旨在评估不同水平的日粮鱼油对阿穆尔灰尾鸭(Thymallus grubii)生长性能、肝脏健康、非特异性免疫反应和肠道微生物群落的影响。将 60 克/千克(6FO)、90 克/千克(9FO)、120 克/千克(12FO)、150 克/千克(15FO)和 180 克/千克(18FO)鱼油的五种等氮日粮分别饲喂三组,每组 60 尾,连续饲喂 8 周。结果显示,15FO 组鱼的特定生长率(SGR)和增重(WG)显著高于 6FO 组(p < 0.05)。体细胞指数和全身脂质水平与日粮鱼油水平的增加呈正相关。15FO 组和 18FO 组的胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性明显高于 6FO 组和 9FO 组(p < 0.05)。肠道过氧化氢酶(CAT)和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、CAT、溶菌酶(LZM)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活性在日粮脂质含量增加到 185.3 克/千克时明显提高,随后下降(p <0.05)。脂质代谢相关基因过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体γ(PPARγ)和肉碱棕榈酰基转移酶 1A(CPT1A)在 15FO 组中分别显著下调和上调(p < 0.05)。肝脏和肠道中的免疫相关基因,如白细胞介素(IL-8),在 15FO 组明显上调(p < 0.05)。18FO 组的肝脏切片显示出更多和更大的脂质空泡。低脂(6FO)和高脂(18FO)日粮都降低了肠道乳球菌的相对丰度。低脂饮食组中,肠道葡萄球菌和芽孢杆菌(主要是炭疽杆菌)的相对丰度增加,而高脂饮食组中,拟杆菌的相对丰度增加。对不同日粮脂质水平下的WG和饲料转化率(FCR)进行的二阶多项式分析表明,194.76-198.90克/千克日粮脂质的范围对阿穆尔灰背隼的生长和健康最为有利。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of a Dietary Multienzyme Extract on Isotope Biokinetics in Red Claw Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus Juveniles 膳食多酶提取物对红爪螯虾幼体同位素生物动力学的影响
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5538632
Emily Sol García Martínez, Analía Verónica Fernández-Giménez, Laura Susana López Greco, Miquel Planas

Understanding the nutritional and metabolic physiology of aquatic organisms is essential for optimizing aquaculture practices and informing ecological models. We investigated the influence of dietary composition, specifically the incorporation of multienzyme extract derived from Pleoticus muelleri waste, on the growth and metabolic processes of juvenile Cherax quadricarinatus. We investigated how these dietary changes influence dietary assimilation and tissue turnover using stable isotope δ13C and δ15N dynamics, in both the pleon muscle and hepatopancreas. Juvenile crayfish were subjected to two isocaloric diets for a 90-day period: a control diet (diet C) and a diet supplemented with a multienzyme extract (diet E) from red shrimp waste. Despite comparable growth rates, isotopic analysis (δ13C and δ15N) of the pleon muscle and hepatopancreas revealed distinct metabolic patterns between both dietary treatments. The hepatopancreas exhibited accelerated isotopic turnover relative to muscle tissue, irrespective of diet, suggesting a more dynamic metabolic role. Diet E further accelerated turnover rates in both tissues, indicative of enhanced nutrient assimilation and utilization. Consistent isotopic disparities between the hepatopancreas and muscle tissues highlighted tissue-specific metabolic functions, with the hepatopancreas serving as a metabolic hub. Molting-induced shifts in isotopic patterns underscored the dynamic interplay between metabolic processes and nutrient mobilization. Isotopic equilibrium was reached earlier for δ13C than δ15N, with lower discrimination factors in the hepatopancreas. While δ13C primarily supported metabolic processes, δ15N contributed substantially to growth, especially in muscle. These findings illuminate the complex interplay of dietary composition, isotopic fractionation, and physiological regulation in C. quadricarinatus. The metabolic enhancements induced by the diet supplemented with the extract warrant further investigation to optimize nutrient utilization and growth performance in aquaculture settings.

了解水生生物的营养和新陈代谢生理机能对于优化水产养殖方法和建立生态模型至关重要。我们研究了日粮组成,特别是加入从Pleoticus muelleri废弃物中提取的多酶提取物对幼鱼Cherax quadricarinatus的生长和代谢过程的影响。我们利用稳定同位素δ13C和δ15N动态研究了这些饮食变化如何影响褶皱肌肉和肝胰脏的饮食同化和组织周转。幼年螯虾在 90 天内摄入两种等热量食物:一种是对照食物(食物 C),另一种是从红虾废弃物中提取的多酶提取物作为补充食物(食物 E)。尽管生长速度相当,但褶皱肌肉和肝胰脏的同位素分析(δ13C 和 δ15N)显示,两种食物处理的代谢模式截然不同。与肌肉组织相比,肝胰脏的同位素转换速度更快,这表明肝胰脏的代谢作用更活跃。饮食 E 进一步加快了这两种组织的同位素转换率,表明营养物质的同化和利用得到了加强。肝胰脏和肌肉组织之间一致的同位素差异突显了特定组织的代谢功能,肝胰脏是代谢中心。蜕皮引起的同位素模式变化凸显了代谢过程与营养动员之间的动态相互作用。δ13C比δ15N更早达到同位素平衡,肝胰脏的分辨系数更低。δ13C主要支持新陈代谢过程,而δ15N则对生长,尤其是肌肉的生长有重大贡献。这些发现揭示了鲤鱼膳食组成、同位素分馏和生理调节之间复杂的相互作用。补充了提取物的日粮所诱导的代谢增强值得进一步研究,以优化水产养殖环境中的营养利用和生长性能。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Diets With Different Carbohydrate to Lipid Ratios on the Growth Performance, Ion Transport, and Carbohydrate, Lipid and Ammonia Metabolism of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Under Long-Term Saline–Alkali Stress 不同碳水化合物与脂质比例的日粮对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)在长期盐碱胁迫下的生长性能、离子转运以及碳水化合物、脂质和氨代谢的影响
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9388755
Wei Liu, Erchao Li, Chang Xu, Liqiao Chen, Xiaodan Wang

A 50-day test was adopted to compare the growth performance, liver histology, glucose metabolism, lipid (L) metabolism, ion transport, and ammonia metabolism of tilapia fed different carbohydrate–lipid (C:L) ratio diets under saline–alkaline water (salinity = 16 mmol/L and alkalinity = 35 mmol/L). The C and L levels of five isoenergetic (16.5 kJ/g) and isonitrogenous (32% protein) diets were C45%:L3% (L3), C38%:L6% (L6), C31%:L9% (L9), C24%:L12% (L12), and C17%:L15% (L15). This study found that the dietary C:L ratio did not affect the survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), or condition factor of tilapia in saline–alkali water, but fish in the L12 group had the highest weight gain (WG) rate and the lowest hepatosomatic index (HSI) compared with the other groups. Fish fed the higher C diet (L3 and L6) had a higher ion transport capacity and ammonia excretion capacity in gills. However, the highest mRNA expression of genes involved in glutamine metabolism and urea metabolism in the liver was found in the high-L diet groups (L12 and L15). In particular, a lower serum ammonia concentration was observed in the high-L diet groups (L12 and L15). In addition, biochemical indicators indicated that the L12 group had the highest liver pyruvic acid, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and lipase (LPS) and serum total cholesterol (T-CHO) contents. In summary, this study indicated that dietary Ls could promote glutamine metabolism and urea metabolism more than dietary Cs and then reduce the serum ammonia concentration of tilapia in saline–alkali water. A dietary C:L ratio of 2:1 was beneficial to the growth and ammonia excretion of tilapia in saline–alkali water in this study.

在盐碱水(盐度 = 16 mmol/L,碱度 = 35 mmol/L)条件下,采用 50 天试验比较了饲喂不同碳水化合物-脂质(C:L)比例日粮的罗非鱼的生长性能、肝脏组织学、糖代谢、脂质(L)代谢、离子转运和氨代谢。五种等能量(16.5 kJ/g)和等氮(32%蛋白质)日粮的碳脂比分别为 C45%:L3% (L3)、C38%:L6% (L6)、C31%:L9% (L9)、C24%:L12% (L12) 和 C17%:L15% (L15)。该研究发现,日粮中的 C:L 比率不影响罗非鱼在盐碱水中的存活率(SR)、饲料转化率(FCR)和体况系数,但与其他组相比,L12 组的鱼增重率(WG)最高,肝体指数(HSI)最低。饲喂高 C 日粮(L3 和 L6)的鱼鳃具有较高的离子转运能力和氨排泄能力。然而,高 L 日粮组(L12 和 L15)肝脏中谷氨酰胺代谢和尿素代谢相关基因的 mRNA 表达量最高。特别是,高 L 日粮组(L12 和 L15)的血清氨浓度较低。此外,生化指标表明,L12 组的肝丙酮酸、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、脂肪酶(LPS)和血清总胆固醇(T-CHO)含量最高。总之,本研究表明,日粮 Ls 比日粮 Cs 更能促进谷氨酰胺代谢和尿素代谢,进而降低盐碱水中罗非鱼的血清氨浓度。在本研究中,日粮 C:L 比例为 2:1 有利于罗非鱼在盐碱水中的生长和氨的排泄。
{"title":"Effects of Diets With Different Carbohydrate to Lipid Ratios on the Growth Performance, Ion Transport, and Carbohydrate, Lipid and Ammonia Metabolism of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Under Long-Term Saline–Alkali Stress","authors":"Wei Liu,&nbsp;Erchao Li,&nbsp;Chang Xu,&nbsp;Liqiao Chen,&nbsp;Xiaodan Wang","doi":"10.1155/2024/9388755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9388755","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>A 50-day test was adopted to compare the growth performance, liver histology, glucose metabolism, lipid (L) metabolism, ion transport, and ammonia metabolism of tilapia fed different carbohydrate–lipid (C:L) ratio diets under saline–alkaline water (salinity = 16 mmol/L and alkalinity = 35 mmol/L). The C and L levels of five isoenergetic (16.5 kJ/g) and isonitrogenous (32% protein) diets were C45%:L3% (L3), C38%:L6% (L6), C31%:L9% (L9), C24%:L12% (L12), and C17%:L15% (L15). This study found that the dietary C:L ratio did not affect the survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), or condition factor of tilapia in saline–alkali water, but fish in the L12 group had the highest weight gain (WG) rate and the lowest hepatosomatic index (HSI) compared with the other groups. Fish fed the higher C diet (L3 and L6) had a higher ion transport capacity and ammonia excretion capacity in gills. However, the highest mRNA expression of genes involved in glutamine metabolism and urea metabolism in the liver was found in the high-L diet groups (L12 and L15). In particular, a lower serum ammonia concentration was observed in the high-L diet groups (L12 and L15). In addition, biochemical indicators indicated that the L12 group had the highest liver pyruvic acid, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and lipase (LPS) and serum total cholesterol (T-CHO) contents. In summary, this study indicated that dietary Ls could promote glutamine metabolism and urea metabolism more than dietary Cs and then reduce the serum ammonia concentration of tilapia in saline–alkali water. A dietary C:L ratio of 2:1 was beneficial to the growth and ammonia excretion of tilapia in saline–alkali water in this study.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9388755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the Optimum Dietary Arachidonic Acid Level and Its Essentiality for Black Seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii): Based on Growth and Lipid Metabolism 根据生长和脂质代谢评估黑鲷的最佳膳食花生四烯酸水平及其重要性
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5589032
Yangguang Bao, Yuedong Shen, Wenli Zhao, Bingqian Yang, Xiaoyi Zhao, Shunshun Tao, Peng Sun, Óscar Monroig, Qicun Zhou, Min Jin

The aim of this study was to investigate how dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) level affects growth performance and lipid metabolism in juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). A feeding trial was conducted for 8 weeks, during which the fish (0.99 ± 0.10 g) were fed six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets with varying ARA levels of 0.1%, 0.59%, 1.04%, 1.42%, 1.94%, and 2.42%. Fish fed the diet with 1.42% ARA had significantly higher weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) than the other groups (p < 0.05), except for the ARA1.04. As the ARA level increased, the liver and muscle effectively accumulated n−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n−6 PUFAs; p < 0.05). However, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and n−3 PUFA contents of liver and muscle significantly decreased by increasing dietary ARA level (p < 0.05). Results of liver histology showed dramatically increased vacuolar fat droplets leading to hepatic fat pathological changes in fish fed diets with ARA levels of 1.94% and 2.42% (p < 0.05). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities increased with increasing dietary ARA level which was accompanied with elevated liver lipid content (p < 0.05). Consistently, triglyceride (TG) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations of serum and liver, and serum cholesterol (CHO) concentration increased (p < 0.05). As the level of dietary ARA increased, the indicators of lipid metabolism such as sirtuin 1 (sirt1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (pparα) also increased (p < 0.05). However, after reaching their peak in ARA1.04 group, the level of these indicators declined (p < 0.05). The same trend was observed for the expression of genes related to the downstream pathways. While the mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element–binding protein-1 (srebp-1) and its downstream genes were markedly increased with the increase of dietary ARA level (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these data suggested that the optimum dietary ARA requirement of A. schlegelii is 1.03% of diet based on the WG. The study revealed that a diet containing 1.04% ARA can activate the expression levels of sirt1 and pparα leading to promoted lipolysis. However, dietary ARA levels of ≥1.42% induced lipid accumulation in the liver, as they suppressed the mRNA levels of sirt1 and pparα, while elevating the expression level of genes related to lipogenesis.

本研究旨在探讨膳食花生四烯酸(ARA)水平如何影响黑鲷幼鱼的生长性能和脂质代谢。在为期 8 周的喂养试验中,给鱼(0.99 ± 0.10 克)喂食了六种等氮和离脂日粮,日粮中 ARA 的含量分别为 0.1%、0.59%、1.04%、1.42%、1.94% 和 2.42%。除 ARA1.04 组外,饲喂 ARA 含量为 1.42% 的日粮的鱼类的增重(WG)和特定生长率(SGR)明显高于其他组(p < 0.05)。随着 ARA 水平的增加,肝脏和肌肉有效地积累了 n-6 多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6 PUFAs; p < 0.05)。然而,随着食物中 ARA 含量的增加,肝脏和肌肉中的二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和 n-3 PUFA 含量显著下降(p < 0.05)。肝脏组织学结果显示,饲喂 ARA 水平为 1.94% 和 2.42% 的日粮的鱼类,空泡状脂肪滴明显增多,导致肝脏脂肪病理变化(p < 0.05)。血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的活性随着膳食中 ARA 水平的增加而升高,同时伴随着肝脏脂肪含量的升高(p < 0.05)。同样,血清和肝脏中甘油三酯(TG)和非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)的浓度以及血清胆固醇(CHO)的浓度也增加了(p < 0.05)。随着膳食 ARA 含量的增加,脂质代谢指标如 sirtuin 1 (sirt1) 和过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体 α (pparα) 也随之增加(p < 0.05)。然而,在 ARA1.04 组达到峰值后,这些指标的水平有所下降(p < 0.05)。下游通路相关基因的表达也出现了同样的趋势。固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1(srebp-1)及其下游基因的 mRNA 水平随着膳食 ARA 水平的增加而显著增加(p < 0.05)。总之,这些数据表明,基于 WG,A. schlegelii 对 ARA 的最佳日粮需要量为日粮的 1.03%。研究表明,含有 1.04% ARA 的日粮可激活 sirt1 和 pparα 的表达水平,从而促进脂肪分解。然而,膳食中 ARA 含量≥1.42% 时,会抑制 sirt1 和 pparα 的 mRNA 水平,同时提高脂肪生成相关基因的表达水平,从而诱导肝脏中的脂质积累。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Dietary Taurine on Maturation Indices, Antioxidant Capacity, Ovaries Amino and Fatty Acids Profile, and Vitellogenin Gene Transcription Level in Penaeus vannamei Female Brooders 膳食牛磺酸对凡纳滨对虾雌性育雏期成熟指数、抗氧化能力、卵巢氨基酸和脂肪酸谱以及卵黄素基因转录水平的影响
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5532545
Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh, Mahmoud Nafisi Bahabadi, Vahid Morshedi, Amin Oujifard, Naser Agh, Ahmad Ghasemi, Khalegh Maneii, Hadi Ebrahimi, Shirin Hamedi, Rezvan Tamadoni

A 30-day research was carried out to examine the impacts of dietary taurine (Tau) on ovaries maturation and physiological responses of Penaeus vannamei female brooders (29.4 ± 0.2 g). A basal diet (497 g kg−1 protein and 140 g kg−1 lipid) was administered with graded levels of Tau ranging from 0 (control) to 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g kg−1. A total of 180 shrimp brooders were stocked into 18 250 L black circular polyethylene tanks. Female (n = 5) and male (n = 5) shrimps were stocked in each tank and supplied with seawater (35.2 ± 3.1 g L−1 salinity, 28.9 ± 1.4°C) and the experimental feeds were offered to shrimp twice a day at 5% of their biomass. Supplementing diet with 4–8 g Tau kg−1 reduced latency period after eye stalk ablation to spawning (5–6 days) that was associated with higher hepatopancreatic and gonadosomatic (except for 8 g Tau kg−1 diet) indices (p < 0.05). With 10 g Tau kg−1 diet hepatopancreas glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity increased and catalase activity increased by 6 g Tau kg−1 diet. Supplementing diet with Tau-enhanced bile-salt dependent lipase activity in the gut. Docosahexaenoic acid and Tau levels were elevated in the ovaries with the increment of dietary Tau level (p < 0.05). Plasma total protein, calcium, cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein increased with inclusion of 6–10 g Tau kg−1 diet. The transcription levels of vitellogenin, insulin-like growth factor II, superoxide dismutase, prophenoloxidase, and lysozyme genes transcription levels were upregulated in the hepatopancreas of shrimp brooders fed 6–10 g Tau kg−1 diet (p < 0.05). It seems that Tau at 4–8 g kg−1 diet by modulating lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and immunocompetence can improve maturation and health status of P. vannamei brooders.

我们进行了一项为期 30 天的研究,以考察膳食牛磺酸(Tau)对万年青雌性育雏鱼(29.4 ± 0.2 克)卵巢成熟和生理反应的影响。在基础日粮(497 克/千克-1 蛋白质和 140 克/千克-1 脂肪)中添加 0(对照组)到 2、4、6、8 和 10 克/千克-1 的分级牛磺酸。在 18 个 250 升黑色圆形聚乙烯水槽中总共投放了 180 尾育雏虾。每个水箱中放养雌性(n = 5)和雄性(n = 5)对虾,并提供海水(盐度为 35.2 ± 3.1 g L-1,温度为 28.9 ± 1.4°C),每天两次向对虾投喂占其生物量 5%的试验饲料。添加 4-8 g Tau kg-1 的饲料可缩短眼柄消融后到产卵的潜伏期(5-6 天),这与较高的肝胰腺和性腺(8 g Tau kg-1 饲料除外)指数有关(p < 0.05)。10 g Tau kg-1 日粮可提高肝胰脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和总抗氧化能力,6 g Tau kg-1 日粮可提高过氧化氢酶活性。在日粮中添加 Tau 可增强肠道中依赖胆盐的脂肪酶活性。随着膳食中 Tau 含量的增加,卵巢中的二十二碳六烯酸和 Tau 含量也随之升高(p < 0.05)。血浆总蛋白、钙、胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白随着 6-10 g Tau kg-1 日粮的添加而增加。在饲喂 6-10 g Tau kg-1 日粮的对虾育雏期,肝胰脏中的卵黄素、胰岛素样生长因子 II、超氧化物歧化酶、丙酚氧化酶和溶菌酶基因转录水平上调(p < 0.05)。由此看来,4-8 g kg-1 的 Tau 通过调节脂质代谢、抗氧化能力和免疫能力可改善凡纳滨对虾育苗虾的成熟和健康状况。
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引用次数: 0
The Dietary Lipid Requirement for Ovarian Maturation and Health in Female Giant River Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii Broodstock 雌性大对虾卵巢成熟和健康对膳食脂质的需求
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7462841
Jiaxin Song, Yonghui Jian, Yuliang Xie, Jinghao Liang, Chaowei Shao, Xifang Pan, Zhiyuan Chen, Qiuyu Gao, Youqin Kong, Qiyou Xu, Zhili Ding
<div> <p>The dietary lipid level is closely associated with ovarian maturation of broodstock. However, optimal lipid requirements during broodstock gonad development for aquatic animals remain limited. In order to assess the impact of dietary lipid levels (6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 14% lipid, denoted as L6%, L8%, L10%, L12%, and L14%) on the ovarian maturation, antioxidant status, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of genes involved in the lipid metabolism of <i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i> broodstock (initial weight 10.53 ± 1.97 g), this study carried out an 8-week feeding experiment. The findings showed that while there was no significant difference in the survival rate across the groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05), the weight gain observed in prawns fed the 8% lipid-level diet was significantly higher than those fed other diets (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The hepatosomatic index and the gonadosomatic index showed a significant increase with the rise in dietary lipid level (<i>p</i> < 0.05). More ovaries from <i>M. rosenbergii</i> broodstock reached stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ after being supplemented with dietary lipid levels between 8% and 14%. Serum glucose content did not show any significant difference among all groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05), but serum triglyceride and total cholesterol content increased followed by a decreasing trend with increasing levels of dietary lipids, both peaking in the prawns fed a 10% lipid-level diet. Furthermore, the progesterone (PROG) and 17<i>β</i>-estradiol (E<sub>2</sub>) content of prawns fed the 10% and 12% lipid-level diets were significantly higher compared to other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Based on serum E<sub>2</sub> and PROG content, the optimal lipid level needed for maximal ovarian maturation was determined to be 11.79% and 10.88%, respectively. Moreover, there were more endogenous vitellogenic oocytes in prawns fed 8% and 10% lipid-level diets, with a more compact arrangement compared to the less tightly arranged structure of the ovarian tissue in prawns fed other diets. With the increase in dietary lipid levels, there was a significant increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase. The activities of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase initially increased and then decreased significantly, peaking at prawns fed 8% and 10% lipid-level diets, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The malondialdehyde content reached its lowest point in prawns fed a diet containing 10% lipid. In addition, the mRNA expressions of hepatopancreatic diacylglycerol acyltransferase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase showed the highest values in prawns fed a 10% lipid diet. Conversely, there was a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a in the hepatopancreatic as dietary lipid levels increased. The highest mRNA expression of fatty acid-binding proteins was observed in prawns fed an 8% lipid diet. In conclusion, dietary lipid levels ranging from 8% to 11.79% are beneficial for ovarian
日粮中的脂质水平与育雏动物的卵巢成熟密切相关。然而,水生动物在育雏性腺发育过程中对脂质的最佳需求仍然有限。为了评估日粮脂质水平(6%、8%、10%、12%和14%的脂质,分别为L6%、L8%、L10%、L12%和L14%)对大臂鱼(初始体重为10.53 ± 1.97 g)卵巢成熟、抗氧化状态和脂质代谢相关基因的信使核糖核酸(mRNA)表达的影响,本研究进行了为期8周的喂养实验。研究结果表明,虽然各组的存活率没有显著差异(p >0.05),但饲喂脂质含量为 8%的饲料的对虾的增重显著高于饲喂其他饲料的对虾(p <0.05)。肝体指数和性腺指数随着日粮脂质水平的上升而显著增加(p < 0.05)。补充 8%-14%的日粮脂质后,更多的罗氏沼虾种群卵巢达到Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期。血清葡萄糖含量在各组间无显著差异(p >0.05),但血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量随日粮脂质水平的增加而增加,随后呈下降趋势,在饲喂 10%脂质水平日粮的对虾中均达到峰值。此外,与其他组相比,饲喂 10%和 12%脂质水平膳食的对虾的孕酮(PROG)和 17β-雌二醇(E2)含量显著较高(p < 0.05)。根据血清 E2 和 PROG 含量,确定卵巢最大成熟度所需的最佳脂质水平分别为 11.79% 和 10.88%。此外,喂养 8%和 10%脂质水平日粮的对虾有更多的内源性卵黄发生卵母细胞,与喂养其他日粮的对虾卵巢组织结构紧密度较低相比,其卵巢组织排列更紧凑。随着日粮脂质含量的增加,超氧化物歧化酶的活性也显著增加。总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性先上升后显著下降,分别在饲喂 8%和 10%脂质水平日粮的对虾达到峰值(p < 0.05)。丙二醛含量在饲喂含脂量为 10%的日粮时达到最低点。此外,肝胰腺二酰甘油酰基转移酶和乙酰-CoA 羧化酶的 mRNA 表达量在饲喂 10% 脂质饲料的对虾中显示出最高值。相反,随着膳食脂质水平的增加,肝胰腺中肉碱棕榈酰转移酶-1a 的 mRNA 表达量明显下降。脂肪酸结合蛋白的 mRNA 表达量在摄入 8% 脂质食物的对虾中最高。总之,8%至11.79%的日粮脂质水平有利于罗氏沼虾育苗的卵巢成熟和健康。
{"title":"The Dietary Lipid Requirement for Ovarian Maturation and Health in Female Giant River Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii Broodstock","authors":"Jiaxin Song,&nbsp;Yonghui Jian,&nbsp;Yuliang Xie,&nbsp;Jinghao Liang,&nbsp;Chaowei Shao,&nbsp;Xifang Pan,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Chen,&nbsp;Qiuyu Gao,&nbsp;Youqin Kong,&nbsp;Qiyou Xu,&nbsp;Zhili Ding","doi":"10.1155/2024/7462841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7462841","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;The dietary lipid level is closely associated with ovarian maturation of broodstock. However, optimal lipid requirements during broodstock gonad development for aquatic animals remain limited. In order to assess the impact of dietary lipid levels (6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 14% lipid, denoted as L6%, L8%, L10%, L12%, and L14%) on the ovarian maturation, antioxidant status, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of genes involved in the lipid metabolism of &lt;i&gt;Macrobrachium rosenbergii&lt;/i&gt; broodstock (initial weight 10.53 ± 1.97 g), this study carried out an 8-week feeding experiment. The findings showed that while there was no significant difference in the survival rate across the groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05), the weight gain observed in prawns fed the 8% lipid-level diet was significantly higher than those fed other diets (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). The hepatosomatic index and the gonadosomatic index showed a significant increase with the rise in dietary lipid level (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). More ovaries from &lt;i&gt;M. rosenbergii&lt;/i&gt; broodstock reached stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ after being supplemented with dietary lipid levels between 8% and 14%. Serum glucose content did not show any significant difference among all groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05), but serum triglyceride and total cholesterol content increased followed by a decreasing trend with increasing levels of dietary lipids, both peaking in the prawns fed a 10% lipid-level diet. Furthermore, the progesterone (PROG) and 17&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-estradiol (E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) content of prawns fed the 10% and 12% lipid-level diets were significantly higher compared to other groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Based on serum E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and PROG content, the optimal lipid level needed for maximal ovarian maturation was determined to be 11.79% and 10.88%, respectively. Moreover, there were more endogenous vitellogenic oocytes in prawns fed 8% and 10% lipid-level diets, with a more compact arrangement compared to the less tightly arranged structure of the ovarian tissue in prawns fed other diets. With the increase in dietary lipid levels, there was a significant increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase. The activities of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase initially increased and then decreased significantly, peaking at prawns fed 8% and 10% lipid-level diets, respectively (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). The malondialdehyde content reached its lowest point in prawns fed a diet containing 10% lipid. In addition, the mRNA expressions of hepatopancreatic diacylglycerol acyltransferase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase showed the highest values in prawns fed a 10% lipid diet. Conversely, there was a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a in the hepatopancreatic as dietary lipid levels increased. The highest mRNA expression of fatty acid-binding proteins was observed in prawns fed an 8% lipid diet. In conclusion, dietary lipid levels ranging from 8% to 11.79% are beneficial for ovarian ","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/7462841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of Diet Supplemented With Hydrolyzable Tannin on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Muscle Nutritional Quality of Juvenile Mastacembelus armatus 添加水解单宁的日粮对幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化能力和肌肉营养质量的影响
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8266189
Xiaowen Xue, Yiman Chen, Zhide Yu, Yuwei Feng, Linan Zhang, Chong Han, Xiaoli Yin, Baoyue Lu, Hu Shu

In this study, four groups of diet were prepared, with eel commercial diet without hydrolyzable tannin (HT) as the control group (H0), and the other three groups were fed with diet containing 0.05% (H1), 0.1% (H2), and 0.2% (H3) doses of HT to juvenile Mastacembelus armatus with an initial body weight of (0.40 ± 0.005) g. Juvenile fish in all groups were fed continuously for 60 days. Growth indices, hepatopancreatic antioxidant enzymes, biochemical indices (including total superoxide dismutase [T-SOD], catalase [CAT], malondialdehyde [MDA], total antioxidant capacity [T-AOC], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [AKP], and triglyceride [TG]), the content of muscle amino acids and fatty acids, stomach and intestine enzyme activities (pepsin, amylase, lipase), and genes expressions were evaluated. The results showed that 0.1% HT significantly improved the growth performance, hepatopancreatic antioxidant capacity, as well as muscle quality and lipase activity of juvenile M. armatus. In summary, the optimal addition level of HT in the diet of juvenile M. armatus is 0.1%, which helps to improve aquaculture efficiency and improve the muscle quality of M. armatus. However, the long-term effects of feeding HT on M. armatus and its physiological reaction mechanism need to be further explored.

本研究制备了四组日粮,以不添加水解单宁(HT)的鳗鱼商品日粮为对照组(H0),其他三组分别添加0.05%(H1)、0.1%(H2)和0.2%(H3)的HT日粮来饲喂初始体重为(0.40 ± 0.005)g的鳗鲡幼鱼。天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶[AST]、碱性磷酸酶[AKP]和甘油三酯[TG])、肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸含量、胃肠酶活性(胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶)以及基因表达进行了评估。结果表明,0.1% HT 能显著改善幼鲎的生长性能、肝胰腺抗氧化能力以及肌肉质量和脂肪酶活性。综上所述,稚鳖日粮中 HT 的最佳添加量为 0.1%,这有助于提高养殖效率和改善稚鳖的肌肉质量。然而,投喂HT对甲鱼的长期影响及其生理反应机制还有待进一步探讨。
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引用次数: 0
Growth, Feed Utilization, Lipid Metabolism, and Metamorphosis of Bullfrog (Aquarana catesbeianus) Tadpoles Fed Diets With Different Lipid Levels 牛蛙(Aquarana catesbeianus)蝌蚪在不同脂质水平日粮中的生长、饲料利用、脂质代谢和变态情况
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5513496
Juan Gao, Ling Wang, Jian Zhang, Kangle Lu, Kai Song, Xueshan Li, Chunxiao Zhang

This study investigated the effect of dietary lipid levels on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, digestive enzyme activity, and metamorphosis rate of bullfrog (Aquarana catesbeianus) tadpoles. A total of six isonitrogenous diets were prepared, each containing 4.46% (L5), 6.95% (L7), 9.10% (L9), 10.90% (L11), 12.34% (L13), and 15.00% (L15) crude lipid content. The experimental diets were administered to triplicates of tadpoles (stage 25, 0.007 g) twice daily for 75 days with a daily feeding rate of 6.50% of their body weight. Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), crude protein content of the whole body, apparent digestibility of dry matter and gross energy, intestinal lipase (LPS) capacity, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I) and contents of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the liver, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content in the serum, and metamorphosis rate at stages 40 and 41 increased as the dietary lipid level increased from 4.46% to 12.34% and then decreased. As the dietary lipid level increased from 4.46% to 10.90%, the protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein deposition rate (PDR), lipid deposition rate (LDR), crude lipid content and gross energy of the whole body, apparent digestibility of the crude lipid, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities in the liver, and the intestinal trypsin (TPS) activity all increased and then decreased. According to the second-order polynomial regression analysis of the WG and metamorphosis rate at stage 41 to the dietary lipid level, the ideal dietary lipid content for tadpoles was 11.08% and 10.72%, respectively. Overall, the appropriate dietary lipid level for bullfrog tadpoles was found to be 10.72%–11.08% of the diet.

本研究探讨了日粮脂质水平对牛蛙蝌蚪生长性能、脂质代谢、抗氧化能力、消化酶活性和变态率的影响。共制备了六种等氮日粮,粗脂含量分别为 4.46%(L5)、6.95%(L7)、9.10%(L9)、10.90%(L11)、12.34%(L13)和 15.00%(L15)。给三重复的蝌蚪(25 期,0.007 克)喂食实验日粮,每天两次,连续 75 天,日喂量为蝌蚪体重的 6.50%。结果表明,蝌蚪的增重率(WG)、特定生长率(SGR)、全身粗蛋白含量、干物质表观消化率和总能、肠道脂肪酶(LPS)能力、脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)、肉碱棕榈酰化率(SGR)和肉碱棕榈酰化率(SPL)均高于对照组、肝脏中生长激素(GH)和胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)的含量、血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的含量以及第 40 和 41 期的变态率随着日粮脂质水平从 4.46% 增加到 12.34%,然后下降。随着日粮脂质水平从 4.46% 提高到 10.90%,蛋白质效率比 (PER)、蛋白质沉积率 (PDR)、脂质沉积率 (LDR)、全身粗脂含量和总能、粗脂表观消化率、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 活性和肠道胰蛋白酶 (TPS) 活性均先升高后降低。根据蝌蚪第41期的WG和变态率与日粮脂质含量的二阶多项式回归分析,蝌蚪理想的日粮脂质含量分别为11.08%和10.72%。总体而言,牛蛙蝌蚪适宜的日粮脂质含量为日粮的 10.72%-11.08%。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Levels on Growth Performance, Fatty Acid Profile, and NF-κB/Nrf2 Pathway-Related Gene Expression of Razor Clam Sinonovacula constricta 膳食中二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)水平对缢蛏生长性能、脂肪酸谱和 NF-κB/Nrf2 通路相关基因表达的影响
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9107191
Yuxiang Zhu, Kai Liao, Hailong Huang, Yang Liu, Yang Zhang, Deshui Chen, Bin Ma, Jilin Xu

Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is crucial for the optimal (Opt) growth of bivalves, but the precise dietary DHA requirement remains undetermined in bivalves. Our study identifies the optimal dietary DHA requirement for razor clam Sinonovacula constricta and demonstrates its effects on fatty acid profiles and gene expression related to inflammation and detoxification. Microencapsulated feeds with different DHA levels (DHA1–6 groups: 1.68, 4.85, 9.49, 12.6, 15.59, and 16.95 mg g−1 dry matter) were prepared using spray drying. Razor clams (initial wet weight: 3.8 ± 0.6 mg) were fed these microcapsules for a period of 20 days. The present study showed that the clams in the DHA1 group exhibited significantly lower weight and shell length gain rates compared to those in the DHA3, DHA4, DHA5, and DHA6 groups. Based on the shell length gain rate, the Opt dietary requirement of DHA for clam is approximately 6.42 mg g−1 dry matter. The clams in the DHA2 group had significantly higher crude lipid content compared to those in the DHA1 and DHA6 groups, while the clams in the DHA1 group had the highest ash content, significantly higher than that in the DHA4 and DHA6 groups. The DHA levels in the clams increased with the increase in DHA content in the microcapsules, while the levels of total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid (LA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) decreased. The mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (cox2) and 5-lipoxygenase type 2 (5-lox-2) were higher in the DHA1 and DHA6 groups compared to other microcapsule groups. As dietary DHA levels increased, the mRNA levels of nuclear factor kappa B (nfκb) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (nrf2) decreased. Additionally, the mRNA levels of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (gclc) and glutathione S-transferase (gst) were highest in the DHA1 group. This is the first study to determine the Opt DHA requirement for juvenile razor clams using microcapsules with different DHA levels, and this study further reveals that dietary DHA can help reduce inflammation and oxidative status in clams.

膳食中的二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)对双壳类动物的最佳(Opt)生长至关重要,但双壳类动物对膳食中 DHA 的精确需求仍未确定。我们的研究确定了缢蛏的最佳膳食 DHA 需求量,并证明了其对脂肪酸谱以及炎症和解毒相关基因表达的影响。采用喷雾干燥法制备了具有不同 DHA 含量的微胶囊饲料(DHA1-6 组:1.68、4.85、9.49、12.6、15.59 和 16.95 mg g-1 干物质)。给蛏子(初始湿重:3.8 ± 0.6 毫克)喂食这些微胶囊 20 天。本研究表明,与 DHA3、DHA4、DHA5 和 DHA6 组相比,DHA1 组蛏子的体重和壳长增加率明显较低。根据贝壳长度增加率,蛤蜊对 DHA 的日粮最佳需求量约为 6.42 毫克/克-1 干物质。与 DHA1 和 DHA6 组相比,DHA2 组的蛤蜊粗脂肪含量明显更高,而 DHA1 组的蛤蜊灰分含量最高,明显高于 DHA4 和 DHA6 组。随着微胶囊中 DHA 含量的增加,蛤蜊中的 DHA 含量也随之增加,而总 n-6 多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、亚油酸(LA)和α-亚麻酸(ALA)的含量则有所下降。与其他微胶囊组相比,DHA1 和 DHA6 组的环氧化酶-2(cox2)和 5-脂氧合酶 2 型(5-lox-2)的 mRNA 水平较高。随着膳食中 DHA 含量的增加,核因子卡巴 B(nfκb)和核因子红细胞 2 相关因子 2(nrf2)的 mRNA 水平下降。此外,谷氨酸-半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基(gclc)和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶(gst)的 mRNA 水平在 DHA1 组中最高。这是首次使用不同 DHA 含量的微胶囊来确定稚蛏对 Opt DHA 需求量的研究,该研究进一步揭示了膳食 DHA 有助于减轻蛏子的炎症和氧化状态。
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Aquaculture Nutrition
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