A 56-day feeding trial assessed the effects of black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) on the growth performance and hepatopancreas health of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis. Six isoproteic and isolipidic diets with 0% (FM), 10% (BSFLM10), 20% (BSFLM20), 30% (BSFLM30), 40% (BSFLM40), or 50% (BSFLM50) replacement of fish meal by BSFLM were formulated. Compared to FM, replacing 10%–40% of fish meal with BSFLM did not significantly affect the weight gain rate (WGR) or specific growth rate (SGR), while BSFLM50 significantly decreased the WGR and SGR. Crabs fed BSFLM50 had significantly lower T-AOC activity than those fed other diets, and crabs fed BSFLM30, BSFLM40, or BSFLM50 had significantly lower activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GSH-Px) in the hepatopancreas than those fed FM or BSFLM10. Compared to FM, BSFLM10, BSFLM20, and BSFLM30 did not affect the relative expression of genes related to the nonspecific immunity, while BSFLM40 and BSFLM50 upregulated the relative expression of these genes. Furthermore, histological analysis showed that the hepatopancreas was deformed in the BSFLM50 group, with widened lumens and loss of basal membrane integrity. In summary, BSFLM replacing 50% of fish meal reduced growth and structural damage to the hepatopancreas. An immune response was activated when the replacement level was over 30%. Therefore, the replacement level of dietary fish meal by BSFLM is recommended to be not more than 30% of the juvenile E. sinensis feed.
{"title":"Growth and Hepatopancreas Health of Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis) Fed Different Levels of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal for Fish Meal Replacement","authors":"Han Wang, Erchao Li, Qincheng Huang, Jiadai Liu, Yixin Miao, Xiaodan Wang, Chuanjie Qin, Jianguang Qin, Liqiao Chen","doi":"10.1155/2024/6625061","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6625061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 56-day feeding trial assessed the effects of black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) on the growth performance and hepatopancreas health of juvenile <i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>. Six isoproteic and isolipidic diets with 0% (FM), 10% (BSFLM10), 20% (BSFLM20), 30% (BSFLM30), 40% (BSFLM40), or 50% (BSFLM50) replacement of fish meal by BSFLM were formulated. Compared to FM, replacing 10%–40% of fish meal with BSFLM did not significantly affect the weight gain rate (WGR) or specific growth rate (SGR), while BSFLM50 significantly decreased the WGR and SGR. Crabs fed BSFLM50 had significantly lower T-AOC activity than those fed other diets, and crabs fed BSFLM30, BSFLM40, or BSFLM50 had significantly lower activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GSH-Px) in the hepatopancreas than those fed FM or BSFLM10. Compared to FM, BSFLM10, BSFLM20, and BSFLM30 did not affect the relative expression of genes related to the nonspecific immunity, while BSFLM40 and BSFLM50 upregulated the relative expression of these genes. Furthermore, histological analysis showed that the hepatopancreas was deformed in the BSFLM50 group, with widened lumens and loss of basal membrane integrity. In summary, BSFLM replacing 50% of fish meal reduced growth and structural damage to the hepatopancreas. An immune response was activated when the replacement level was over 30%. Therefore, the replacement level of dietary fish meal by BSFLM is recommended to be not more than 30% of the juvenile <i>E. sinensis</i> feed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study explored the effects of inositol on growth performance, body composition, antioxidant performance, and lipid metabolism of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing 0 mg/kg (G1, control), 125 mg/kg (G2), 250 mg/kg (G3), 375 mg/kg (G4), 500 mg/kg (G5), and 625 mg/kg (G6) inositol were prepared and fed to cultured fish (initial weight: 110 ± 1 g) for 8 weeks in recirculating the aquaculture systems. The results indicated that compared with G1 group, the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed efficiency rate (FER) in the G3 group were significantly higher. The crude lipid content of the whole fish and the liver of cultured fish was significantly reduced with increasing dietary inositol inclusion. However, no significant effects on moisture, crude protein, and ash contents of fish were observed among the different groups. Dietary inositol supplementation significantly increased muscular crude protein. However, muscular total lipid contents were decreased when the inclusion level was higher than 250 mg/kg (G3–G6 groups). As dietary inositol supplemental level increased, serum triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol (TC) contents showed an increasing trend and reached the maximum value in the G3 group. Additionally, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in G2, G3, G4, and G5 groups was significantly upregulated by increasing inositol. While, there was no significant change in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) among the treatments. Inositol inclusion also significantly reduced the serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP), glutamic–pyruvic transaminase (ALT), and glutamic–oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) activities as well as serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content but significantly increased serum catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Compared with the control group, the activities of hepatic total lipase (TL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were significantly elevated in the G3, G4, and G5 groups. Above all, dietary inositol supplementation could improve growth performance and antioxidant capacity, and reduce the liver fat content of largemouth bass, and the optimal supplementation level of inositol in feed is estimated to be 250.31–267.27 mg/kg.
{"title":"Inositol Inclusion Affects Growth, Body Composition, Antioxidant Performance, and Lipid Metabolism of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Yinglin Xu, Ye Gong, Songlin Li, Yue Zhou, Zhixiao Ma, Ganfeng Yi, Naisong Chen, Weilong Wang, Xuxiong Huang","doi":"10.1155/2024/9944159","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9944159","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study explored the effects of inositol on growth performance, body composition, antioxidant performance, and lipid metabolism of largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing 0 mg/kg (G1, control), 125 mg/kg (G2), 250 mg/kg (G3), 375 mg/kg (G4), 500 mg/kg (G5), and 625 mg/kg (G6) inositol were prepared and fed to cultured fish (initial weight: 110 ± 1 g) for 8 weeks in recirculating the aquaculture systems. The results indicated that compared with G1 group, the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed efficiency rate (FER) in the G3 group were significantly higher. The crude lipid content of the whole fish and the liver of cultured fish was significantly reduced with increasing dietary inositol inclusion. However, no significant effects on moisture, crude protein, and ash contents of fish were observed among the different groups. Dietary inositol supplementation significantly increased muscular crude protein. However, muscular total lipid contents were decreased when the inclusion level was higher than 250 mg/kg (G3–G6 groups). As dietary inositol supplemental level increased, serum triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol (TC) contents showed an increasing trend and reached the maximum value in the G3 group. Additionally, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in G2, G3, G4, and G5 groups was significantly upregulated by increasing inositol. While, there was no significant change in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) among the treatments. Inositol inclusion also significantly reduced the serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP), glutamic–pyruvic transaminase (ALT), and glutamic–oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) activities as well as serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content but significantly increased serum catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Compared with the control group, the activities of hepatic total lipase (TL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were significantly elevated in the G3, G4, and G5 groups. Above all, dietary inositol supplementation could improve growth performance and antioxidant capacity, and reduce the liver fat content of largemouth bass, and the optimal supplementation level of inositol in feed is estimated to be 250.31–267.27 mg/kg.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139569490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Wang, Jianjun Wu, Luoxin Li, Yuanfeng Yao, Chiqing Chen, Yucong Hong, Yi Chai, Wei Liu
We investigated the effects of dietary tannic acid (TA) supplementation of a high-carbohydrate diet on growth, feed utilization, whole-body proximate composition, serum biochemical indicators, antioxidant capacity, digestive enzyme activity, and liver and intestinal health of juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (initial mean weight: 8.08 ± 0.08 g). Five diets were prepared, including a positive control (dietary carbohydrate level, 16%, LC0), a negative control (dietary carbohydrate level, 21%, HC0), and three TA-supplementation diets based on the negative control diet with TA addition at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, respectively. After 8 weeks of feeding, the results showed that compared with the LC0 diet, 400–800 mg/kg dietary TA significantly improved the survival rate of largemouth bass (P < 0.05) while significantly reducing its weight-gain rate and specific growth rate (P < 0.05). Compared with the HC0 diet, 400 mg/kg dietary TA significantly increased serum catalase activity (P < 0.05), and significantly decreased serum malondialdehyde, liver glycogen, lightness (L∗), and yellowness (b∗) (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the HC0 diet, 200–400 mg/kg dietary TA effectively improved the vacuolation of hepatocytes caused by the high-carbohydrate diet and reduced the occurrence of intestinal epithelial cell vacuolation and necrosis. In turn, 800 mg/kg dietary TA significantly inhibited protease activity in the pyloric caecum and intestine (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with TA inhibited protease activity, which resulted in decreased growth performance in largemouth bass. However, it was also found that 200–400 mg/kg TA enhanced the antioxidant capacity of largemouth bass in the case of the high-carbohydrate diet, reduced liver glycogen levels, and improved liver and intestinal health. Finally, it should be noted that, when the dietary TA level exceeded 800 mg/kg, TA appeared to play a pro-oxidation role in the liver, which may cause oxidative stress in the liver.
我们研究了在高碳水化合物日粮中添加单宁酸(TA)对大口鲈幼鱼(初始平均体重:8.08 ± 0.08 g)的生长、饲料利用率、全身近似物组成、血清生化指标、抗氧化能力、消化酶活性以及肝脏和肠道健康的影响。制备了五种日粮,包括阳性对照(日粮碳水化合物水平为 16%,LC0)、阴性对照(日粮碳水化合物水平为 21%,HC0)和三种 TA 补充日粮,三种日粮均以阴性对照日粮为基础,TA 添加量分别为 200、400 和 800 mg/kg。饲喂 8 周后,结果表明,与 LC0 日粮相比,400-800 mg/kg 日粮 TA 能显著提高大口鲈的存活率(P < 0.05),同时显著降低其增重率和特定生长率(P < 0.05)。与 HC0 日粮相比,400 毫克/千克日粮 TA 能显著提高血清过氧化氢酶活性(P < 0.05),显著降低血清丙二醛、肝糖原、亮度(L ∗)和黄度(b ∗)(P < 0.05)。此外,与 HC0 日粮相比,200-400 毫克/千克膳食 TA 能有效改善高碳水化合物日粮引起的肝细胞空泡化,减少肠上皮细胞空泡化和坏死的发生。而 800 毫克/千克膳食 TA 能显著抑制幽门盲肠和肠道中蛋白酶的活性(P < 0.05)。总之,膳食中添加 TA 可抑制蛋白酶活性,从而导致大口鲈鱼生长性能下降。然而,研究还发现,在高碳水化合物饮食的情况下,200-400 毫克/千克 TA 可提高大口鲈的抗氧化能力,降低肝糖原水平,改善肝脏和肠道健康。最后,需要注意的是,当膳食中的 TA 含量超过 800 毫克/千克时,TA 在肝脏中似乎起着促进氧化的作用,可能会导致肝脏氧化应激。
{"title":"Effects of Tannic Acid Supplementation of a High-Carbohydrate Diet on the Growth, Serum Biochemical Parameters, Antioxidant Capacity, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Liver and Intestinal Health of Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides","authors":"Yi Wang, Jianjun Wu, Luoxin Li, Yuanfeng Yao, Chiqing Chen, Yucong Hong, Yi Chai, Wei Liu","doi":"10.1155/2024/6682798","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6682798","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigated the effects of dietary tannic acid (TA) supplementation of a high-carbohydrate diet on growth, feed utilization, whole-body proximate composition, serum biochemical indicators, antioxidant capacity, digestive enzyme activity, and liver and intestinal health of juvenile largemouth bass, <i>Micropterus salmoides</i> (initial mean weight: 8.08 ± 0.08 g). Five diets were prepared, including a positive control (dietary carbohydrate level, 16%, LC0), a negative control (dietary carbohydrate level, 21%, HC0), and three TA-supplementation diets based on the negative control diet with TA addition at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, respectively. After 8 weeks of feeding, the results showed that compared with the LC0 diet, 400–800 mg/kg dietary TA significantly improved the survival rate of largemouth bass (<i>P</i> < 0.05) while significantly reducing its weight-gain rate and specific growth rate (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Compared with the HC0 diet, 400 mg/kg dietary TA significantly increased serum catalase activity (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and significantly decreased serum malondialdehyde, liver glycogen, lightness (L<i> </i><sup>∗</sup>), and yellowness (b<i> </i><sup>∗</sup>) (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the HC0 diet, 200–400 mg/kg dietary TA effectively improved the vacuolation of hepatocytes caused by the high-carbohydrate diet and reduced the occurrence of intestinal epithelial cell vacuolation and necrosis. In turn, 800 mg/kg dietary TA significantly inhibited protease activity in the pyloric caecum and intestine (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with TA inhibited protease activity, which resulted in decreased growth performance in largemouth bass. However, it was also found that 200–400 mg/kg TA enhanced the antioxidant capacity of largemouth bass in the case of the high-carbohydrate diet, reduced liver glycogen levels, and improved liver and intestinal health. Finally, it should be noted that, when the dietary TA level exceeded 800 mg/kg, TA appeared to play a pro-oxidation role in the liver, which may cause oxidative stress in the liver.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139563157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Hossein Khanjani, Moslem Sharifinia, Maurício Gustavo Coelho Emerenciano
Aquaculture is a crucial industry that can help meet the increasing demand for aquatic protein products and provide employment opportunities in coastal areas and beyond. If incorrectly manage, traditional aquaculture methods can have negative impacts on the environment and natural resources, including water pollution and overuse of wild fish stocks as aquafeed ingredients. Biofloc technology (BFT) may offer a promising solution to some of these challenges by promoting a cleaner and sustainable production system. BFT converts waste into bioflocs, which serve as a natural food source for fish and shrimp within the culture system, reducing the need for external inputs, such as feed and chemicals. Moreover, BFT has the potential to improve yields and economic performance while promoting efficient resource utilization, such as water and energy. Despite its numerous advantages, BFT presents several challenges, such as high energy demand, high initial/running costs, waste (effluent, suspended solids, and sludge) management, opportunistic pathogens (vibrio) spread, and a lack of understanding of operational/aquatic/microbial dynamics. However, with further training, research, and innovation, these challenges can be overcome, and BFT can become a more widely understood and adopted technique, acting as an effective method for sustainable aquaculture. In summary, BFT offers a cleaner production option that promotes circularity practices while enhancing performance and economic benefits. This technique has the potential to address several challenges faced by the aquaculture industry while ensuring its continued growth and protecting the environment. A more broad BFT adoption can contribute to meeting the increasing demand for aquaculture products while reducing the industry’s negative impact on the environment and natural resources. In this context, this review provides an overview of the advantages and challenges of BFT and highlights key technical, biological, and economic aspects to optimize its application, promote further adoption, and overcome the current challenges.
{"title":"Biofloc Technology (BFT) in Aquaculture: What Goes Right, What Goes Wrong? A Scientific-Based Snapshot","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Khanjani, Moslem Sharifinia, Maurício Gustavo Coelho Emerenciano","doi":"10.1155/2024/7496572","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7496572","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquaculture is a crucial industry that can help meet the increasing demand for aquatic protein products and provide employment opportunities in coastal areas and beyond. If incorrectly manage, traditional aquaculture methods can have negative impacts on the environment and natural resources, including water pollution and overuse of wild fish stocks as aquafeed ingredients. Biofloc technology (BFT) may offer a promising solution to some of these challenges by promoting a cleaner and sustainable production system. BFT converts waste into bioflocs, which serve as a natural food source for fish and shrimp within the culture system, reducing the need for external inputs, such as feed and chemicals. Moreover, BFT has the potential to improve yields and economic performance while promoting efficient resource utilization, such as water and energy. Despite its numerous advantages, BFT presents several challenges, such as high energy demand, high initial/running costs, waste (effluent, suspended solids, and sludge) management, opportunistic pathogens (<i>vibrio</i>) spread, and a lack of understanding of operational/aquatic/microbial dynamics. However, with further training, research, and innovation, these challenges can be overcome, and BFT can become a more widely understood and adopted technique, acting as an effective method for sustainable aquaculture. In summary, BFT offers a cleaner production option that promotes circularity practices while enhancing performance and economic benefits. This technique has the potential to address several challenges faced by the aquaculture industry while ensuring its continued growth and protecting the environment. A more broad BFT adoption can contribute to meeting the increasing demand for aquaculture products while reducing the industry’s negative impact on the environment and natural resources. In this context, this review provides an overview of the advantages and challenges of BFT and highlights key technical, biological, and economic aspects to optimize its application, promote further adoption, and overcome the current challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139490685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 60-day study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary selenium nanoparticles (SeNP) on growth, digestive enzymes, and health status of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer, 46.5 ± 0.2 g) juveniles reared in high saline water (48 ppt). Five levels of SeNP were added to a basal diet (45% protein, 15% lipid), including control (0), 0.5 (SeNP0.5), 1.0 (SeNP1), 2 (SeNP2), and 4 (SeNP4) mg SeNP kg−1 diet. Fish were stocked into fifteen 2,000 L tanks (50 fish tank−1) filled with 1,800 L sand-filtered seawater (26.5 ± 1.5°C, 48.0 ± 0.2 ppt) in a flow-through system. Each dietary treatment was performed in three replicates. The growth rate positively increased in both linear and quadratic trends with increasing dietary SeNP level (P < 0.05). The liver Se concentration increased with increasing SeNP in diet (P < 0.05). Gut total protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lipase, and α-amylase activities were significantly enhanced in the SeNP4 group compared to the other treatments (P < 0.05). Antioxidant capacity improved in fish-fed SeNP2 and SeNP4 diets regarding catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and the liver glutathione content. Serum lysozyme and hemolytic activities and white blood cells’ respiratory burst activity in the control were lower than in fish-fed SeNP-supplemented diets. Serum total protein, globulin, and globulin/albumin ratio in fish-fed SeNP1, SeNP2, and SeNP4 diets were higher than the other groups (P < 0.05). The interleukin-10 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor genes’ relative transcription levels in the gut of fish-fed SeNP4 were higher than the other groups. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, ALP, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase significantly decreased in fish with increasing SeNP content in the diet. In conclusion, supplementing the diet with 4 mg kg−1, SeNP was recommended to improve growth and health indices in L. calcarifer juveniles reared in high saline water (48 ppt).
{"title":"Dietary Selenium Nanoparticles Improved Growth and Health Indices in Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) Juveniles Reared in High Saline Water","authors":"Hamzeh Mohtashemipour, Takavar Mohammadian, Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh, Mehrzad Mesbah, Abdolhossein Jangaran Nejad","doi":"10.1155/2024/7480824","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7480824","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 60-day study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary selenium nanoparticles (SeNP) on growth, digestive enzymes, and health status of Asian seabass (<i>Lates calcarifer</i>, 46.5 ± 0.2 g) juveniles reared in high saline water (48 ppt). Five levels of SeNP were added to a basal diet (45% protein, 15% lipid), including control (0), 0.5 (SeNP0.5), 1.0 (SeNP1), 2 (SeNP2), and 4 (SeNP4) mg SeNP kg<sup>−1</sup> diet. Fish were stocked into fifteen 2,000 L tanks (50 fish tank<sup>−1</sup>) filled with 1,800 L sand-filtered seawater (26.5 ± 1.5°C, 48.0 ± 0.2 ppt) in a flow-through system. Each dietary treatment was performed in three replicates. The growth rate positively increased in both linear and quadratic trends with increasing dietary SeNP level (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The liver Se concentration increased with increasing SeNP in diet (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Gut total protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lipase, and <i>α</i>-amylase activities were significantly enhanced in the SeNP4 group compared to the other treatments (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Antioxidant capacity improved in fish-fed SeNP2 and SeNP4 diets regarding catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and the liver glutathione content. Serum lysozyme and hemolytic activities and white blood cells’ respiratory burst activity in the control were lower than in fish-fed SeNP-supplemented diets. Serum total protein, globulin, and globulin/albumin ratio in fish-fed SeNP1, SeNP2, and SeNP4 diets were higher than the other groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The <i>interleukin-10</i> and <i>granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor</i> genes’ relative transcription levels in the gut of fish-fed SeNP4 were higher than the other groups. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, ALP, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase significantly decreased in fish with increasing SeNP content in the diet. In conclusion, supplementing the diet with 4 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, SeNP was recommended to improve growth and health indices in <i>L. calcarifer</i> juveniles reared in high saline water (48 ppt).</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139440110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H-Michael Habte-Tsion, Matt Hawkyard, Wendy M. Sealey, David Bradshaw, Kala-Mallik Meesala, Deborah A. Bouchard
A 12-week growth trial was conducted to assess the effects of mealworm meals, as a substitution for fishmeal, on the growth, physiobiochemical responses, digesta microbiome, and immune-related genes expression of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Twenty Atlantic salmon parr (38.5 ± 0.1 g, initial weight) were stocked into each of 16 tanks in a recirculating aquaculture system. A fishmeal-based diet (100% FM) was used as the control treatment and was compared with three test diets where: (1) fishmeal was partially (50%) replaced with defatted mealworm meal, Tenebrio molitor (50% DMM), (2) fishmeal was fully replaced with defatted mealworm meal (100% DMM), and (3) fishmeal was partially replaced with whole lesser mealworm meal, Alphitobius diaperinus (50% WMM). All substitutions were done on a crude protein basis. Each of the four experimental diets was evaluated in quadruplicate tanks as part of randomized design. The results indicated that Atlantic salmon showed high survival (greater or equal to 98.8%), and no significant difference in final growth, feed efficiency, feces stability and condition indices. Hepatosomatic index was lower in fish fed 100% DMM and 50% WMM when compared to fish fed the control diet (100% FM). Whole-body proximate and amino acid compositions were not statistically different between treatments, while essential fatty acids, including linolenic, eicosapentaenoic acid, and homo-a-linolenic, were lower in fish fed 100% DMM. Plasma parameters (total protein, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total iron-binding capacity), hepatic peroxide, and antioxidant enzymes were not significantly affected by dietary substitutions, whereas plasma immunoglobulin M showed significantly higher levels in fish fed 50% DMM and 100% DMM when compared to fish fed the control diet (100% FM). The inclusion of mealworm meals significantly impacted the overall microbiome composition but not the richness and evenness of the salmon digesta microbiomes compared to control. The most common genus in all treatments was Pseudomonas, which has been previously shown to have both commensal and pathogenic members. The relative expressions of growth (IGF-I) and protein synthesis (TIPRL) were not significantly different between the treatments, whereas immunoglobulin genes (IgM, IgD, and IgT) were significantly upregulated in fish fed the DMM diets when compared to fish fed the control diet. Overall, this study suggests that the mealworm meals tested could be suitable alternatives to fishmeal in the diet of Atlantic salmon.
{"title":"Effects of Fishmeal Substitution with Mealworm Meals (Tenebrio molitor and Alphitobius diaperinus) on the Growth, Physiobiochemical Response, Digesta Microbiome, and Immune Genes Expression of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)","authors":"H-Michael Habte-Tsion, Matt Hawkyard, Wendy M. Sealey, David Bradshaw, Kala-Mallik Meesala, Deborah A. Bouchard","doi":"10.1155/2024/6618117","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6618117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 12-week growth trial was conducted to assess the effects of mealworm meals, as a substitution for fishmeal, on the growth, physiobiochemical responses, digesta microbiome, and immune-related genes expression of Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>). Twenty Atlantic salmon parr (38.5 ± 0.1 g, initial weight) were stocked into each of 16 tanks in a recirculating aquaculture system. A fishmeal-based diet (100% FM) was used as the control treatment and was compared with three test diets where: (1) fishmeal was partially (50%) replaced with defatted mealworm meal, <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> (50% DMM), (2) fishmeal was fully replaced with defatted mealworm meal (100% DMM), and (3) fishmeal was partially replaced with whole lesser mealworm meal, <i>Alphitobius diaperinus</i> (50% WMM). All substitutions were done on a crude protein basis. Each of the four experimental diets was evaluated in quadruplicate tanks as part of randomized design. The results indicated that Atlantic salmon showed high survival (greater or equal to 98.8%), and no significant difference in final growth, feed efficiency, feces stability and condition indices. Hepatosomatic index was lower in fish fed 100% DMM and 50% WMM when compared to fish fed the control diet (100% FM). Whole-body proximate and amino acid compositions were not statistically different between treatments, while essential fatty acids, including linolenic, eicosapentaenoic acid, and homo-a-linolenic, were lower in fish fed 100% DMM. Plasma parameters (total protein, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total iron-binding capacity), hepatic peroxide, and antioxidant enzymes were not significantly affected by dietary substitutions, whereas plasma immunoglobulin M showed significantly higher levels in fish fed 50% DMM and 100% DMM when compared to fish fed the control diet (100% FM). The inclusion of mealworm meals significantly impacted the overall microbiome composition but not the richness and evenness of the salmon digesta microbiomes compared to control. The most common genus in all treatments was <i>Pseudomonas</i>, which has been previously shown to have both commensal and pathogenic members. The relative expressions of growth (IGF-I) and protein synthesis (TIPRL) were not significantly different between the treatments, whereas immunoglobulin genes (IgM, IgD, and IgT) were significantly upregulated in fish fed the DMM diets when compared to fish fed the control diet. Overall, this study suggests that the mealworm meals tested could be suitable alternatives to fishmeal in the diet of Atlantic salmon.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rosendo L. Azcuy, Matías E. Casaretto, Lorenzo Márquez, Adrián J. Hernández, Gabriel A. Morales
Legumes are an important source of protein, lipids, and other essential nutrients. As the demand for protein and lipids continues to surge on a global scale, there is a growing interest in incorporating legumes into aquafeeds. This shift is driven not only by the escalating growth of the aquaculture sector in recent years but also by the imperative to diminish the dependency on traditional resources like fishmeal (FM) and fish oil. Amongst legumes, different lupin species had been identified as a potential protein source to partially reduce the inclusion of FM in countries such as Australia, Chile, and the European Union. A comprehensive evaluation of their nutritional profiles, overall characteristics, and potential antinutritional factors is essential for informed utilization and the implementation of nutritional enhancement strategies. In pursuit of this goal, an in vitro gastrointestinal simulation system was devised to replicate the digestive conditions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The study focused on determining the bioaccessibility of protein and phosphorus within two sweet lupin varieties (alkaloids < 0.05) with high (Lupinus mutabilis) and low (Lupinus angustifolius) native phytic acid content evaluated as whole (W) or dehulled (D) seeds meals and the effect of a single dose of phytase (2,500 FTU/kg DM). Additionally, regular soybean meal (SBM) served as reference (10 treatments with 3 replicates). A 2,500 FTU/kg DM phytase dose increased the levels of PO4−3 released throughout the intestinal phase by 122.6% for L. mutatabilis W, 116.3% for L. mutatabilis D, 65.2% for L. angustifolius W, 59.0% for L. angustifolius D, and 91.8% for SBM compared to controls without phytase. The bioaccessibility of amino acids in varieties treated with phytase increased with respect to the control without phytase. L. mutabilis was found to be a potentially viable alternative as a good quality protein source for the manufacture of environmentally friendly aquafeeds.
豆类是蛋白质、脂类和其他必需营养素的重要来源。随着全球范围内对蛋白质和脂质的需求不断激增,人们对在水产饲料中添加豆科植物的兴趣也与日俱增。这种转变不仅是由于近年来水产养殖业的不断增长,也是由于必须减少对鱼粉(FM)和鱼油等传统资源的依赖。在豆科植物中,不同种类的羽扇豆被认为是一种潜在的蛋白质来源,可部分减少澳大利亚、智利和欧盟等国鱼粉的摄入量。全面评估羽扇豆的营养成分、总体特征和潜在的抗营养因素,对于知情利用和实施营养强化战略至关重要。为了实现这一目标,我们设计了一个体外胃肠道模拟系统来复制虹鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus mykiss)的消化条件。研究的重点是确定两个甜羽扇豆品种(生物碱含量小于 0.05)中蛋白质和磷的生物可利用性,这两个品种的原生植酸含量分别为高(Lupinus mutabilis)和低(Lupinus angustifolius),以全籽(W)或脱壳(D)籽粕进行评估,并确定单剂量植酸酶(2,500 FTU/kg DM)的效果。此外,普通豆粕(SBM)作为参照物(10 个处理,3 个重复)。与未添加植酸酶的对照组相比,2,500 FTU/kg DM 植酸酶剂量可使变异桔梗 W 在整个肠道阶段释放的 PO4-3 水平提高 122.6%,变异桔梗 D 提高 116.3%,变异桔梗 W 提高 65.2%,变异桔梗 D 提高 59.0%,SBM 提高 91.8%。与不使用植酸酶的对照组相比,使用植酸酶处理的品种中氨基酸的生物可接受性有所提高。研究发现,L. mutabilis 有可能成为生产环境友好型水产饲料的优质蛋白质来源。
{"title":"Evaluation of Phytase Impact on In Vitro Protein and Phosphorus Bioaccessibility of Two Lupin Species for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","authors":"Rosendo L. Azcuy, Matías E. Casaretto, Lorenzo Márquez, Adrián J. Hernández, Gabriel A. Morales","doi":"10.1155/2024/2697729","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2697729","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Legumes are an important source of protein, lipids, and other essential nutrients. As the demand for protein and lipids continues to surge on a global scale, there is a growing interest in incorporating legumes into aquafeeds. This shift is driven not only by the escalating growth of the aquaculture sector in recent years but also by the imperative to diminish the dependency on traditional resources like fishmeal (FM) and fish oil. Amongst legumes, different lupin species had been identified as a potential protein source to partially reduce the inclusion of FM in countries such as Australia, Chile, and the European Union. A comprehensive evaluation of their nutritional profiles, overall characteristics, and potential antinutritional factors is essential for informed utilization and the implementation of nutritional enhancement strategies. In pursuit of this goal, an <i>in vitro</i> gastrointestinal simulation system was devised to replicate the digestive conditions of rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>). The study focused on determining the bioaccessibility of protein and phosphorus within two sweet lupin varieties (alkaloids < 0.05) with high (<i>Lupinus mutabilis</i>) and low (<i>Lupinus angustifolius</i>) native phytic acid content evaluated as whole (W) or dehulled (D) seeds meals and the effect of a single dose of phytase (2,500 FTU/kg DM). Additionally, regular soybean meal (SBM) served as reference (10 treatments with 3 replicates). A 2,500 FTU/kg DM phytase dose increased the levels of PO<sub>4</sub><sup>−3</sup> released throughout the intestinal phase by 122.6% for <i>L. mutatabilis</i> W, 116.3% for <i>L. mutatabilis</i> D, 65.2% for <i>L. angustifolius</i> W, 59.0% for <i>L. an</i>gustifolius D, and 91.8% for SBM compared to controls without phytase. The bioaccessibility of amino acids in varieties treated with phytase increased with respect to the control without phytase. <i>L. mutabilis</i> was found to be a potentially viable alternative as a good quality protein source for the manufacture of environmentally friendly aquafeeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139387595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2023/3321734
Wei Lei, Jiamin Li, Peng Fang, Shanshan Wu, Yao Deng, Ao Luo, Zhengwei He, Mo Peng
The purpose of this trial was to study the positive effects of bile acids (BAs) on growth performance and intestinal health of rice field eel fed with high-lipid diets (HLDs). Rice field eels (initial weight 17.00 ± 0.10 g) were divided into four groups, each group containing four repetitions and feeding with different isonitrogenous diet: control diet containing 7% lipid content, HLDs containing the lipid content increased to 13%, HLDs supplementing with 0.025% BAs and 0.05% BAs, respectively. After 8 weeks, compared control group, the fish fed HLDs had no significant effect on weight gain rate and specific growth rate (P > 0.05), but increased the lipid deposition in tissues and intestinal lipase activity, and damaged to intestinal oxidative stress, inflammatory response, physical barrier, and structural integrity (P < 0.05). Dietary BAs significantly increased weight gain rate and specific growth rate in fish fed with HL diets (P < 0.05) and reduced feed conversation rate (P < 0.05). Further, the eels fed with BAs reduced the total lipid content in liver, muscle, and whole body (P < 0.05). Dietary BAs decreased the activity of intestinal lipase (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, BAs supplemented in HLDs improved intestinal antioxidant capacity through increasing the activities of T-SOD (total superoxide dismutase), GSH-PX (glutathione peroxidase), CAT (catalase), T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity), whereas reducing MDA (malondialdehyde) content (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary BAs regulated the mRNA expression related to inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and physical barrier in intestine, such as tnf-α, il-8, tlr-8, il-10, nrf2, keap1, claudin12, and claudin15 (P < 0.05). Dietary BAs supplementation also enhanced the intestinal structural integrity characterized by increased fold height and lamina propria width (P < 0.05). This study showed that dietary BAs supplemented in HLDs (13% lipid) could increase the growth performance of rice field eel, reduce lipid deposition in tissues and whole body, and enhance intestinal health.
本试验的目的是研究胆汁酸(BAs)对饲喂高脂日粮(HLDs)的稻田鳗鱼生长性能和肠道健康的积极影响。将稻田鳗鱼(初始体重为 17.00 ± 0.10 g)分为四组,每组重复四次,分别饲喂不同的等氮日粮:含脂量为 7% 的对照日粮、含脂量增至 13% 的高脂日粮、添加 0.025% BAs 的高脂日粮和添加 0.05% BAs 的高脂日粮。8 周后,与对照组相比,饲喂 HLDs 对鱼体增重率和特定生长率无显著影响(P > 0.05),但增加了组织中的脂质沉积和肠道脂肪酶活性,并破坏了肠道氧化应激、炎症反应、物理屏障和结构完整性(P < 0.05)。饵料 BAs 能明显提高 HL 日粮喂养鳗鱼的增重率和特定生长率(P < 0.05),降低饲料转化率(P < 0.05)。此外,投喂 BAs 还降低了黄鳝肝脏、肌肉和全身的总脂含量(P < 0.05)。饵料 BAs 降低了肠道脂肪酶的活性(P < 0.05)。同时,在 HLDs 中添加 BAs 可通过提高 T-SOD(总超氧化物歧化酶)、GSH-PX(谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)、CAT(过氧化氢酶)和 T-AOC(总抗氧化能力)的活性来提高肠道抗氧化能力,同时降低 MDA(丙二醛)含量(P < 0.05)。此外,膳食 BAs 还能调节肠道中与炎症反应、氧化应激和物理屏障相关的 mRNA 表达,如 tnf-α、il-8、tlr-8、il-10、nrf2、keap1、claudin12 和 claudin15(P < 0.05)。膳食中补充 BAs 还能增强肠道结构的完整性,表现为折叠高度和固有层宽度增加(P < 0.05)。本研究表明,在 HLDs(脂质含量为 13%)中添加日粮 BAs 可提高稻田鳗鱼的生长性能,减少组织和全身的脂质沉积,增强肠道健康。
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Bile Acids on Growth Performance, Lipid Deposition, and Intestinal Health of Rice Field Eel (<i>Monopterus albus</i>) Fed with High-Lipid Diets.","authors":"Wei Lei, Jiamin Li, Peng Fang, Shanshan Wu, Yao Deng, Ao Luo, Zhengwei He, Mo Peng","doi":"10.1155/2023/3321734","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/3321734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this trial was to study the positive effects of bile acids (BAs) on growth performance and intestinal health of rice field eel fed with high-lipid diets (HLDs). Rice field eels (initial weight 17.00 ± 0.10 g) were divided into four groups, each group containing four repetitions and feeding with different isonitrogenous diet: control diet containing 7% lipid content, HLDs containing the lipid content increased to 13%, HLDs supplementing with 0.025% BAs and 0.05% BAs, respectively. After 8 weeks, compared control group, the fish fed HLDs had no significant effect on weight gain rate and specific growth rate (<i>P</i> > 0.05), but increased the lipid deposition in tissues and intestinal lipase activity, and damaged to intestinal oxidative stress, inflammatory response, physical barrier, and structural integrity (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Dietary BAs significantly increased weight gain rate and specific growth rate in fish fed with HL diets (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and reduced feed conversation rate (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Further, the eels fed with BAs reduced the total lipid content in liver, muscle, and whole body (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Dietary BAs decreased the activity of intestinal lipase (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Meanwhile, BAs supplemented in HLDs improved intestinal antioxidant capacity through increasing the activities of T-SOD (total superoxide dismutase), GSH-PX (glutathione peroxidase), CAT (catalase), T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity), whereas reducing MDA (malondialdehyde) content (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Moreover, dietary BAs regulated the mRNA expression related to inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and physical barrier in intestine, such as <i>tnf-α</i>, <i>il-8</i>, <i>tlr-8</i>, <i>il-10</i>, <i>nrf2</i>, <i>keap1</i>, <i>claudin12</i>, and <i>claudin15</i> (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Dietary BAs supplementation also enhanced the intestinal structural integrity characterized by increased fold height and lamina propria width (<i>P</i> < 0.05). This study showed that dietary BAs supplemented in HLDs (13% lipid) could increase the growth performance of rice field eel, reduce lipid deposition in tissues and whole body, and enhance intestinal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10764146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139085642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This trial aimed to investigate the influence of graded replacing fish meal (D1: 0.00%, D2: 27.27%, and D3: 54.55%) with mixed protein ingredients (i.e., chicken meal, krill meal, fermented soybean meal, and soy protein concentrate) on the growth performance, muscle nutritional composition, blood biochemical indices, gut bacterial community, and transcriptome of Chinese perch. Two hundred seventy Chinese perch were divided into three groups (90 per group) and the diet lasted for 56 days. Results showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate were significantly lower, and the feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in the D3 group than in fish fed D1 (P<0.05), with no significant differences between the D1 and D2 groups (P>0.05). The muscle crude protein content was highest in the D2 group, and the crude fat content was significantly different in the order: D3 > D1 > D2 (P<0.05). The levels of serum triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the D2 group were significantly lower than those in the D1 group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared to the D3 group (P>0.05). The microbial community structure changed significantly. Mycoplasma showed the highest abundance in the D1 and D2 groups (P<0.05), and Cetobacterium peaked in D2 group, and significantly higher than that in D1 group (P<0.05). Network analysis and cohesion index calculation showed that both network complexity and cohesion peaked in D2 group, and Cetobacterium was highly correlated with the cohesion index (P<0.05). Further, muscle transcriptome analysis results showed that compared with the control group, differentially expressed genes were clustered (Q < 0.05) in the arginine and proline metabolism pathways in D2 group. Fish in D3 group significantly (Q < 0.05) affected genes involved in KEGG pathways of ribosome, circadian rhythm, thermogenesis, insulin signaling pathway, fatty acid degradation, oxidative phosphorylation, and apoptosis. In conclusion, under the experimental conditions, the replacement of 27.27% of fish meal by the compound protein did not have a negative impact on the growth performance of Chinese perch and could improve muscle quality, lipid metabolism, and the interaction of intestinal microbiota.
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Fish Meal Replacement with Composite Mixture of Chicken Meal, Krill Meal, and Plant Proteins on Growth, Physiological Metabolism, and Intestinal Microbiota of Chinese Perch (Siniperca chuatsi)","authors":"Liyun Ding, Jiacheng Chen, Yanping Zhang, Jun Xiao, Xiandong Xu, Haixing Zhang, Qingtang Chen, Yuxiang Zhao, Wenjing Chen","doi":"10.1155/2023/2915916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2915916","url":null,"abstract":"This trial aimed to investigate the influence of graded replacing fish meal (D1: 0.00%, D2: 27.27%, and D3: 54.55%) with mixed protein ingredients (i.e., chicken meal, krill meal, fermented soybean meal, and soy protein concentrate) on the growth performance, muscle nutritional composition, blood biochemical indices, gut bacterial community, and transcriptome of Chinese perch. Two hundred seventy Chinese perch were divided into three groups (90 per group) and the diet lasted for 56 days. Results showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate were significantly lower, and the feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in the D3 group than in fish fed D1 (P<0.05), with no significant differences between the D1 and D2 groups (P>0.05). The muscle crude protein content was highest in the D2 group, and the crude fat content was significantly different in the order: D3 > D1 > D2 (P<0.05). The levels of serum triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the D2 group were significantly lower than those in the D1 group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared to the D3 group (P>0.05). The microbial community structure changed significantly. Mycoplasma showed the highest abundance in the D1 and D2 groups (P<0.05), and Cetobacterium peaked in D2 group, and significantly higher than that in D1 group (P<0.05). Network analysis and cohesion index calculation showed that both network complexity and cohesion peaked in D2 group, and Cetobacterium was highly correlated with the cohesion index (P<0.05). Further, muscle transcriptome analysis results showed that compared with the control group, differentially expressed genes were clustered (Q < 0.05) in the arginine and proline metabolism pathways in D2 group. Fish in D3 group significantly (Q < 0.05) affected genes involved in KEGG pathways of ribosome, circadian rhythm, thermogenesis, insulin signaling pathway, fatty acid degradation, oxidative phosphorylation, and apoptosis. In conclusion, under the experimental conditions, the replacement of 27.27% of fish meal by the compound protein did not have a negative impact on the growth performance of Chinese perch and could improve muscle quality, lipid metabolism, and the interaction of intestinal microbiota.","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2023/6632067
Qiang Chen, Shuting Huang, Jieyu Dai, Congcong Wang, Songming Chen, Yuanxin Qian, Yangyang Gong, Tao Han
Synthetic astaxanthin is an effective nutritional strategy for improving shrimp body color and promoting growth. However, the optimal amount of astaxanthin in feed also varies with the synthetic technology and purity. In the present study, five diets containing different doses of synthetic astaxanthin (0% (CON), 0.02% (AX0.02), 0.04% (AX0.04), 0.08% (AX0.08), and 0.16% (AX0.16)) were administered to Penaeus monodon (initial body weight: 0.3 ± 0.03 g) for 8 weeks. With an increase in astaxanthin content in feed, weight gain and specific growth rate increased initially and subsequently decreased, with the highest value appearing at AX0.08. Dietary astaxanthin supplementation obviously improved the carapace and muscle color by enhancing astaxanthin pigmentation. Meanwhile, the fatty acid profile was altered by dietary astaxanthin, as evidenced by a decline in palmitic acid proportion, along with an increase in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) contents in muscle. In addition, dietary astaxanthin supplementation regulated prawn's antioxidant capacity. In the hemolymph, the activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) showed a significantly decrease trend with linear effect. The activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) were first downregulated and then upregulated with significantly quadratic pattern. In the hepatopancreas, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the contents of MDA were significantly downregulated with the increase of dietary astaxanthin levels. Reduced glutathione (GSH) contents and catalase (CAT) activities were also significantly decreased in group AX0.08. Correspondingly, astaxanthin decreased GSH and MDA contents under transportation stress. Moreover, the mRNA expression of immune genes (traf6, relish, and myd88) were inhibited by dietary astaxanthin supplementation. Based on the results of polynomial contrasts analysis and Duncan's test, dietary synthetic astaxanthin is a suitable feed additive to improve the growth, body color, antioxidant capacity, and nonspecific immunity of P. monodon. According to the second-order polynomial regression analysis based on the weight gain, the optimal supplementation level of dietary astaxanthin was 90 mg kg-1 in P. monodon.
{"title":"Effects of Synthetic Astaxanthin on the Growth Performance, Pigmentation, Antioxidant Capacity, and Immune Response in Black Tiger Prawn (<i>Penaeus monodon</i>).","authors":"Qiang Chen, Shuting Huang, Jieyu Dai, Congcong Wang, Songming Chen, Yuanxin Qian, Yangyang Gong, Tao Han","doi":"10.1155/2023/6632067","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6632067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synthetic astaxanthin is an effective nutritional strategy for improving shrimp body color and promoting growth. However, the optimal amount of astaxanthin in feed also varies with the synthetic technology and purity. In the present study, five diets containing different doses of synthetic astaxanthin (0% (CON), 0.02% (AX0.02), 0.04% (AX0.04), 0.08% (AX0.08), and 0.16% (AX0.16)) were administered to <i>Penaeus monodon</i> (initial body weight: 0.3 ± 0.03 g) for 8 weeks. With an increase in astaxanthin content in feed, weight gain and specific growth rate increased initially and subsequently decreased, with the highest value appearing at AX0.08. Dietary astaxanthin supplementation obviously improved the carapace and muscle color by enhancing astaxanthin pigmentation. Meanwhile, the fatty acid profile was altered by dietary astaxanthin, as evidenced by a decline in palmitic acid proportion, along with an increase in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) contents in muscle. In addition, dietary astaxanthin supplementation regulated prawn's antioxidant capacity. In the hemolymph, the activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) showed a significantly decrease trend with linear effect. The activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) were first downregulated and then upregulated with significantly quadratic pattern. In the hepatopancreas, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the contents of MDA were significantly downregulated with the increase of dietary astaxanthin levels. Reduced glutathione (GSH) contents and catalase (CAT) activities were also significantly decreased in group AX0.08. Correspondingly, astaxanthin decreased GSH and MDA contents under transportation stress. Moreover, the mRNA expression of immune genes (<i>traf6</i>, <i>relish</i>, and <i>myd88</i>) were inhibited by dietary astaxanthin supplementation. Based on the results of polynomial contrasts analysis and Duncan's test, dietary synthetic astaxanthin is a suitable feed additive to improve the growth, body color, antioxidant capacity, and nonspecific immunity of <i>P. monodon</i>. According to the second-order polynomial regression analysis based on the weight gain, the optimal supplementation level of dietary astaxanthin was 90 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> in <i>P. monodon</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8225,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10756741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139073217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}