Pub Date : 2005-06-24DOI: 10.1111/J.1541-1338.1999.TB00880.X
A. Patt
Over the last twenty years, policy-makers in Europe have attempted to solve the problem of acid rain using detailed analysis grounded in natural science and economics. The results are impressive, as Europeans have successfully implemented a number of international agreements to reduce pollution emissions, agreements that in theory achieve the greatest environmental benefit at the lowest aggregate cost across Europe. This article examines the analysis on which these policies were based. First, it finds a pattern of investigating the use of cost-benefit analysis, together with a lack of usefulness associated with the actual results of such analysis. Second, it finds that the analytic framework that came to replace cost- benefit analysis-"critical loads"-contained many of the same uncertainties and political decisions that plagued cost-benefit analysis. Nevertheless, "critical loads" analysis was seen as less value-laden and more reliable, and contributed significantly to policy development. Desire for rapid action led policy-makers to ignore or overlook the politics and uncertainties inherent in efforts at scientific assessment and modeling. Copyright 1999 by The Policy Studies Organization.
{"title":"Separating analysis from politics: acid rain in Europe.","authors":"A. Patt","doi":"10.1111/J.1541-1338.1999.TB00880.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1541-1338.1999.TB00880.X","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last twenty years, policy-makers in Europe have attempted to solve the problem of acid rain using detailed analysis grounded in natural science and economics. The results are impressive, as Europeans have successfully implemented a number of international agreements to reduce pollution emissions, agreements that in theory achieve the greatest environmental benefit at the lowest aggregate cost across Europe. This article examines the analysis on which these policies were based. First, it finds a pattern of investigating the use of cost-benefit analysis, together with a lack of usefulness associated with the actual results of such analysis. Second, it finds that the analytic framework that came to replace cost- benefit analysis-\"critical loads\"-contained many of the same uncertainties and political decisions that plagued cost-benefit analysis. Nevertheless, \"critical loads\" analysis was seen as less value-laden and more reliable, and contributed significantly to policy development. Desire for rapid action led policy-makers to ignore or overlook the politics and uncertainties inherent in efforts at scientific assessment and modeling. Copyright 1999 by The Policy Studies Organization.","PeriodicalId":82332,"journal":{"name":"Policy studies review","volume":"16 3-4 1","pages":"104-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1541-1338.1999.TB00880.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63273035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1541-1338.2000.TB00955.X
Stephen Harrison, Bruce Wood
One prominent method for controlling health costs is to find measures for the management of demand. Various options exist for this; and many of them have been tried during the fifty years of the UK's National Health Service. Current policy now focuses on what may be called "scientific-bureaucratic medicine." This policy is based on the assumptions that valid medical knowledge is derived from accumulated research evidence and that such knowledge should be implemented through clinical guidelines which are enforced to some extent. This UK development has parallels with the US Agency for Health Care Policy and Research whose experience, therefore, raises some policy issues for the UK. Copyright 2000 by The Policy Studies Organization.
{"title":"Scientific-bureaucratic medicine and U.K. health policy.","authors":"Stephen Harrison, Bruce Wood","doi":"10.1111/J.1541-1338.2000.TB00955.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1541-1338.2000.TB00955.X","url":null,"abstract":"One prominent method for controlling health costs is to find measures for the management of demand. Various options exist for this; and many of them have been tried during the fifty years of the UK's National Health Service. Current policy now focuses on what may be called \"scientific-bureaucratic medicine.\" This policy is based on the assumptions that valid medical knowledge is derived from accumulated research evidence and that such knowledge should be implemented through clinical guidelines which are enforced to some extent. This UK development has parallels with the US Agency for Health Care Policy and Research whose experience, therefore, raises some policy issues for the UK. Copyright 2000 by The Policy Studies Organization.","PeriodicalId":82332,"journal":{"name":"Policy studies review","volume":"17 4 1","pages":"25-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1541-1338.2000.TB00955.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63273473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-1338.2000.tb00906.x
R J Parsons
{"title":"International health care reform: the need for comprehensive micro-comparative analysis.","authors":"R J Parsons","doi":"10.1111/j.1541-1338.2000.tb00906.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.2000.tb00906.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82332,"journal":{"name":"Policy studies review","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1541-1338.2000.tb00906.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26867464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scientific-bureaucratic medicine and U.K. health policy.","authors":"S Harrison, B Wood","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82332,"journal":{"name":"Policy studies review","volume":"17 4","pages":"25-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26428622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-1338.2000.tb00957.x
M A Feldheim
{"title":"Managed competition in Florida health care: its strengths and weaknesses.","authors":"M A Feldheim","doi":"10.1111/j.1541-1338.2000.tb00957.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.2000.tb00957.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82332,"journal":{"name":"Policy studies review","volume":"17 4","pages":"61-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1541-1338.2000.tb00957.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26455757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-1338.2000.tb00910.x
J Merrifield
{"title":"Groundwater resources: the transition from capture to allocation.","authors":"J Merrifield","doi":"10.1111/j.1541-1338.2000.tb00910.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.2000.tb00910.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82332,"journal":{"name":"Policy studies review","volume":"17 1","pages":"105-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1541-1338.2000.tb00910.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26862289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-1338.2000.tb00956.x
W Hovey
{"title":"The worst of both worlds: nursing home regulation in the United States.","authors":"W Hovey","doi":"10.1111/j.1541-1338.2000.tb00956.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.2000.tb00956.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82332,"journal":{"name":"Policy studies review","volume":"17 4","pages":"43-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1541-1338.2000.tb00956.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26428623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-11-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1541-1338.1985.TB00367.X
N. Lovrich, J. Pierce, Taketsugu Tsurutani, Takematsu Abe
Postindustrial society seems to bring with it an inevitable heightening of official and public concern with environmental pollution. In light of this fact it becomes important to understand the dynamics by which public opinion is formulated in this area of public policy. What factors are associated with citizens placing concern for environmental pollution above other public policy concernsq What individual characteristics are associ- ated with the development of the view that government ought to take direct action to prevent or deal with environmental pollutionq Are such factors common to postindustrial democratic societies generallyq The study reported here identifies the similarities and differences in the patterns and correlates of pollution relevant beliefs and behavior in Japan (in the cities of Llishima, Fuji and Numazu in Shizuoka Prefecture] and the United States (Spokane City and County, Washington State). A comparative study of pollution policy can be especially instructive inasmuch as unique cultural, economic, historical and social patterns may generate distinctive citizen conceptions of desired policy outcomes and means to achieve them. Copyright 1985 by The Policy Studies Organization.
{"title":"Water pollution control in democratic societies: a cross-national analysis of sources of public beliefs in Japan and in the United States.","authors":"N. Lovrich, J. Pierce, Taketsugu Tsurutani, Takematsu Abe","doi":"10.1111/J.1541-1338.1985.TB00367.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1541-1338.1985.TB00367.X","url":null,"abstract":"Postindustrial society seems to bring with it an inevitable heightening of official and public concern with environmental pollution. In light of this fact it becomes important to understand the dynamics by which public opinion is formulated in this area of public policy. What factors are associated with citizens placing concern for environmental pollution above other public policy concernsq What individual characteristics are associ- ated with the development of the view that government ought to take direct action to prevent or deal with environmental pollutionq Are such factors common to postindustrial democratic societies generallyq The study reported here identifies the similarities and differences in the patterns and correlates of pollution relevant beliefs and behavior in Japan (in the cities of Llishima, Fuji and Numazu in Shizuoka Prefecture] and the United States (Spokane City and County, Washington State). A comparative study of pollution policy can be especially instructive inasmuch as unique cultural, economic, historical and social patterns may generate distinctive citizen conceptions of desired policy outcomes and means to achieve them. Copyright 1985 by The Policy Studies Organization.","PeriodicalId":82332,"journal":{"name":"Policy studies review","volume":"5 2 1","pages":"431-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1541-1338.1985.TB00367.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63265428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-11-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1541-1338.1985.TB00353.X
D. Chambers
Large numbers of the permanently and totally disabled have had benefits terminated since 1980 as a result of a determined effort towards that end by the Reagan administration. This is an example of the process by which a major change in political ethos is translated into important changes in welfare benefit entitlement rules. It is also interesting since it seems to be the first instance of a large scale conscientious attempt of the executive branch to reach into and narrow the basic entitlement policy of the Social Security Administration. This normally would be done through joint executive, congressional and legislative action. This article presents the policy background of these events and reviews and analyzes the data about their consequences.
{"title":"The Reagan administration's welfare retrenchment policy: terminating social security benefits for the disabled.","authors":"D. Chambers","doi":"10.1111/J.1541-1338.1985.TB00353.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1541-1338.1985.TB00353.X","url":null,"abstract":"Large numbers of the permanently and totally disabled have had benefits terminated since 1980 as a result of a determined effort towards that end by the Reagan administration. This is an example of the process by which a major change in political ethos is translated into important changes in welfare benefit entitlement rules. It is also interesting since it seems to be the first instance of a large scale conscientious attempt of the executive branch to reach into and narrow the basic entitlement policy of the Social Security Administration. This normally would be done through joint executive, congressional and legislative action. This article presents the policy background of these events and reviews and analyzes the data about their consequences.","PeriodicalId":82332,"journal":{"name":"Policy studies review","volume":"5 2 1","pages":"230-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1541-1338.1985.TB00353.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63265410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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