Adil Aksoy, Reem S. Alazragi, A. Alabdali, Raed Aljazzar, Salah El Sadi, M. Alostaz, Mahmoud El Hindi
Abstract The current work aimed to find substitutes for antibiotics because of the side effects of antibacterial agents and the expansion of bacterial resistance to these agents. The scope of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs) against selected animal pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus abortus and Mycobacterium bovis). The synthesized nanoparticles were distinguished by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and tested for antibacterial activity with the broth microdilution method, well diffusion assay, and minimum bactericidal concentration procedure. Results showed that both AuNPs and AgNPs displayed good antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. The strongest antibacterial action of AgNPS (18 mm) was against E. coli. AuNPs displayed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B. bovis with a suppression area of 14 mm. Therefore, it is suggested that AgNPs and AuNPs could be effectively used against animal pathogens and may contribute to reducing antibiotic resistance. However, there is a need for further research on the in vivo toxicity and mechanisms of action of AuNPs and AgNPs.
{"title":"Antibacterial activity of metallic-core gold and silver nanoparticles against some animal pathogens","authors":"Adil Aksoy, Reem S. Alazragi, A. Alabdali, Raed Aljazzar, Salah El Sadi, M. Alostaz, Mahmoud El Hindi","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current work aimed to find substitutes for antibiotics because of the side effects of antibacterial agents and the expansion of bacterial resistance to these agents. The scope of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs) against selected animal pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus abortus and Mycobacterium bovis). The synthesized nanoparticles were distinguished by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and tested for antibacterial activity with the broth microdilution method, well diffusion assay, and minimum bactericidal concentration procedure. Results showed that both AuNPs and AgNPs displayed good antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. The strongest antibacterial action of AgNPS (18 mm) was against E. coli. AuNPs displayed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B. bovis with a suppression area of 14 mm. Therefore, it is suggested that AgNPs and AuNPs could be effectively used against animal pathogens and may contribute to reducing antibiotic resistance. However, there is a need for further research on the in vivo toxicity and mechanisms of action of AuNPs and AgNPs.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"473 - 479"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69170761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Numerous studies on the replacement of fishmeal with plant protein sources in tilapias have been undertaken. In order to quantify the effect of replacing fishmeal with plant protein sources on the growth performance of tilapias, a meta-analysis approach was applied. Despite the high heterogeneity and funnel plot asymmetry, the meta-analysis showed that replacing fishmeal with plant protein sources has a significant positive effect on the growth performance of tilapias. Thus, tilapias appear to be preadapted to utilizing plant protein sources. Furthermore, the feed value, nutritional quality and cost of the commonly used plant ingredients (soybean, sunflower, canola, cottonseed, kikuyu and azolla meals) were explored. The Solver function in Excel was used to formulate least-cost diets using the plant meals. Azolla had the highest nutritional index (9.7436). This was attributed to its excellent amino acid profile that exceeded the requirements of tilapias. Nutritional index and feed value were lowest in kikuyu because of its poor amino acid profile as it registered the lowest amino acid index (0.4918). These results indicate that the amino acid profile is more important in the determination of nutritional quality than the percent protein content. Azolla and soybean meal are good candidates for the replacement of fishmeal in the diets of tilapias.
{"title":"A review and meta-analysis of selected plant protein sources as a replacement of fishmeal in the diet of tilapias","authors":"N. Moyo, Mmaditshaba M. Rapatsa-Malatji","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2022-0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0084","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Numerous studies on the replacement of fishmeal with plant protein sources in tilapias have been undertaken. In order to quantify the effect of replacing fishmeal with plant protein sources on the growth performance of tilapias, a meta-analysis approach was applied. Despite the high heterogeneity and funnel plot asymmetry, the meta-analysis showed that replacing fishmeal with plant protein sources has a significant positive effect on the growth performance of tilapias. Thus, tilapias appear to be preadapted to utilizing plant protein sources. Furthermore, the feed value, nutritional quality and cost of the commonly used plant ingredients (soybean, sunflower, canola, cottonseed, kikuyu and azolla meals) were explored. The Solver function in Excel was used to formulate least-cost diets using the plant meals. Azolla had the highest nutritional index (9.7436). This was attributed to its excellent amino acid profile that exceeded the requirements of tilapias. Nutritional index and feed value were lowest in kikuyu because of its poor amino acid profile as it registered the lowest amino acid index (0.4918). These results indicate that the amino acid profile is more important in the determination of nutritional quality than the percent protein content. Azolla and soybean meal are good candidates for the replacement of fishmeal in the diets of tilapias.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"681 - 690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45867863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Lisiak, P. Janiszewski, K. Borzuta, T. Schwarz, E. Grześkowiak, Urszula Siekierko, J. Lasek
Abstract Modern hybrid varieties of rye can be successfully used for feeding pigs. The aim of the research was to determine the effects of different levels (20%, 40% and 60%) of hybrid rye in diet on the growth, slaughter value, chemical composition, physical and sensory traits and the fatty acids profile in pork meat. The experiment was performed with 100 Polish Landrace pigs that were randomly allocated into 4 groups: control, without rye, and experimental with hybrid rye addition. After slaughter lean meat content estimation, carcass traits, quality characteristics and the fatty acids profile of the longissimus lumborum muscle were determined. No significant influence on the growth performance, carcass traits and the majority of physical traits, basic composition, cholesterol content and sensory features of the longissimus lumborum muscle was found. The type and levels of cereals significantly change the FA profile. More favorable values for PUFA and the ratio of n-6/n-3 acids were obtained in pigs fed with hybrid rye than with a mix of wheat with barley. In conclusion, feeding pigs with hybrid rye at the level of 20–60% in the diet results in positive effects in the fatty acids profile, without compromising daily gain, feed intake, carcass traits, physicochemical and sensory attributes of pork meat.
{"title":"The effect of feeding fattener pigs with hybrid rye on selected growth and carcass traits and on meat quality characteristics","authors":"D. Lisiak, P. Janiszewski, K. Borzuta, T. Schwarz, E. Grześkowiak, Urszula Siekierko, J. Lasek","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2022-0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0077","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Modern hybrid varieties of rye can be successfully used for feeding pigs. The aim of the research was to determine the effects of different levels (20%, 40% and 60%) of hybrid rye in diet on the growth, slaughter value, chemical composition, physical and sensory traits and the fatty acids profile in pork meat. The experiment was performed with 100 Polish Landrace pigs that were randomly allocated into 4 groups: control, without rye, and experimental with hybrid rye addition. After slaughter lean meat content estimation, carcass traits, quality characteristics and the fatty acids profile of the longissimus lumborum muscle were determined. No significant influence on the growth performance, carcass traits and the majority of physical traits, basic composition, cholesterol content and sensory features of the longissimus lumborum muscle was found. The type and levels of cereals significantly change the FA profile. More favorable values for PUFA and the ratio of n-6/n-3 acids were obtained in pigs fed with hybrid rye than with a mix of wheat with barley. In conclusion, feeding pigs with hybrid rye at the level of 20–60% in the diet results in positive effects in the fatty acids profile, without compromising daily gain, feed intake, carcass traits, physicochemical and sensory attributes of pork meat.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"529 - 536"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41630429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Luqman Nordin, Ahmad Khusairi Azemi, N. Ismail, A. H. Nordin, W. Nabgan, Nur Amalina Noralidin, R. Shaari, Nur Zul Izzati Mohd Rajdi, M. Reduan, H. N. Siti, A. H. Rasool, N. N. I. N. Ibrahim
Abstract Canine mammary carcinoma (CMC) is the most common neoplasm in bitches, and it shares many biological similarities with breast cancer in humans. Drug resistance, high epigenetic mutations, and relapse rates are among the challenges which eventually urge the need for a veterinary oncologist to discover new therapeutic approaches that are more effective and safer. Therefore, in this review, we also cover the current therapeutic strategies from human medicine for the future perspectives of tumor immunotherapy in veterinary medicine. These strategies have great potential to be employed as therapeutic or prophylactic options due to their ability to modulate a specific and potent immune response against CMC. As we acquire a better understanding of canine tumor immunology, we can move towards a brighter prognosis. Additionally, we report on the recent successful studies in breast cancer that may benefit canines as well.
{"title":"Canine mammary carcinoma: current therapeutic targets and future perspectives – a review","authors":"Muhammad Luqman Nordin, Ahmad Khusairi Azemi, N. Ismail, A. H. Nordin, W. Nabgan, Nur Amalina Noralidin, R. Shaari, Nur Zul Izzati Mohd Rajdi, M. Reduan, H. N. Siti, A. H. Rasool, N. N. I. N. Ibrahim","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2022-0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0085","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Canine mammary carcinoma (CMC) is the most common neoplasm in bitches, and it shares many biological similarities with breast cancer in humans. Drug resistance, high epigenetic mutations, and relapse rates are among the challenges which eventually urge the need for a veterinary oncologist to discover new therapeutic approaches that are more effective and safer. Therefore, in this review, we also cover the current therapeutic strategies from human medicine for the future perspectives of tumor immunotherapy in veterinary medicine. These strategies have great potential to be employed as therapeutic or prophylactic options due to their ability to modulate a specific and potent immune response against CMC. As we acquire a better understanding of canine tumor immunology, we can move towards a brighter prognosis. Additionally, we report on the recent successful studies in breast cancer that may benefit canines as well.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"703 - 716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42062993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. M. Sukri, Y. Andu, Shazani Sarijan, Hazreen Nita Mohd Khalid, Z. A. Kari, H. Harun, N. Rusli, K. Mat, R. Khalif, L. Wei, Mohammad Mijanur Rahman, Ali Hanafiah Hakim, N. Lokman, N. K. A. Hamid, Martina Irwan Khoo, Hien Van Doan
Abstract Pineapple is a commodity and economic fruit with a high market potential worldwide. Almost 60% of the fresh pineapple, such as peels, pulp, crowns and leaves, are agricultural waste. It is noteworthy that the waste has a high concentration of crude fibre, proteins, ascorbic acid, sugars and moisture content. The pineapple waste utilisation in animal feed has recently drawn the attention of many investigators to enhance growth performance and concomitantly reduce environmental pollution. Its inclusion in animal feed varies according to the livestock, such as feed block, pelleted or directly used as a roughage source for ruminants. The pineapple waste is also fermented to enrich the nutrient content of poultry feed. To date, the inclusion of pineapple waste in animal feed is optimistic not only for livestock but also for farmed fish. Indeed, it is an ideal strategy to improve the feed supply to the farm. This paper aims to overview the source, nutritional composition, and application of pineapple waste in animal feed. The recent findings on its effect on animal growth performance, nutrition and disease control are discussed comprehensively and summarised. The review also covers its benefits, potential impacts on sustainable farming and future perspectives.
{"title":"Pineapple waste in animal feed: A review of nutritional potential, impact and prospects","authors":"S. A. M. Sukri, Y. Andu, Shazani Sarijan, Hazreen Nita Mohd Khalid, Z. A. Kari, H. Harun, N. Rusli, K. Mat, R. Khalif, L. Wei, Mohammad Mijanur Rahman, Ali Hanafiah Hakim, N. Lokman, N. K. A. Hamid, Martina Irwan Khoo, Hien Van Doan","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2022-0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0080","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pineapple is a commodity and economic fruit with a high market potential worldwide. Almost 60% of the fresh pineapple, such as peels, pulp, crowns and leaves, are agricultural waste. It is noteworthy that the waste has a high concentration of crude fibre, proteins, ascorbic acid, sugars and moisture content. The pineapple waste utilisation in animal feed has recently drawn the attention of many investigators to enhance growth performance and concomitantly reduce environmental pollution. Its inclusion in animal feed varies according to the livestock, such as feed block, pelleted or directly used as a roughage source for ruminants. The pineapple waste is also fermented to enrich the nutrient content of poultry feed. To date, the inclusion of pineapple waste in animal feed is optimistic not only for livestock but also for farmed fish. Indeed, it is an ideal strategy to improve the feed supply to the farm. This paper aims to overview the source, nutritional composition, and application of pineapple waste in animal feed. The recent findings on its effect on animal growth performance, nutrition and disease control are discussed comprehensively and summarised. The review also covers its benefits, potential impacts on sustainable farming and future perspectives.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"339 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42076299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Aquaculture is one of the primary food-producing sectors in the world that ensures human nourishment. However, aqua farmers are facing serious problems due to disease out breaks and development of antimicrobial resistance. Until now, chemical or antibiotic based strategies has been applied to control disease related concern in aquaculture. Frequent usage of antibiotics in feed or usage of disinfectant to overcome the disease may end up with negative impacts to the environment and human. Utilization of plant derived polysaccharides has been drastically increased due to their effective roles and could serve as a best replacement for chemical agents and antibiotics. In addition, plant derived compounds and plant extracts was utilized to improve the immunity, intestinal health and growth performance of aquaculturable organisms. In addition, large number of plant-based polysaccharides was utilized as immunostimulants in aquaculture. Hence, this review aims to highlight the multifunctional properties of plant-based polysaccharides in aquaculture. Moreover, advantages and different concentration of plant polysaccharides as a feed additives in aquaculture sector has been discussed herein.
{"title":"Potential role of plant polysaccharides as immunostimulants in aquaculture: a review","authors":"D. K. Rajan, Dharmaraj Divya, K. Mohan","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2022-0096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0096","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aquaculture is one of the primary food-producing sectors in the world that ensures human nourishment. However, aqua farmers are facing serious problems due to disease out breaks and development of antimicrobial resistance. Until now, chemical or antibiotic based strategies has been applied to control disease related concern in aquaculture. Frequent usage of antibiotics in feed or usage of disinfectant to overcome the disease may end up with negative impacts to the environment and human. Utilization of plant derived polysaccharides has been drastically increased due to their effective roles and could serve as a best replacement for chemical agents and antibiotics. In addition, plant derived compounds and plant extracts was utilized to improve the immunity, intestinal health and growth performance of aquaculturable organisms. In addition, large number of plant-based polysaccharides was utilized as immunostimulants in aquaculture. Hence, this review aims to highlight the multifunctional properties of plant-based polysaccharides in aquaculture. Moreover, advantages and different concentration of plant polysaccharides as a feed additives in aquaculture sector has been discussed herein.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42344341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The present study aimed to examine the effect of impaired progesterone (P4) synthesis, observed in gilts with gonadotropin-induced estrus, on the uterine expression of receptors important for pregnancy establishment. Twenty prepubertal gilts received 750 IU PMSG and 500 IU hCG 72 h later, while 18 prepubertal gilts in the control group were observed daily for estrus behavior. Gilts were inseminated in their first estrus and slaughtered on days 10, 12, and 15 of pregnancy to collect endometrial and myometrial tissues for mRNA analysis using real-time PCR. As we previously described, gilts with PMSG/hCG-induced estrus showed decreased luteal P4 synthesis on days 10 and 12 of pregnancy. PMSG/hCG treatment did not affect P4 receptor mRNA expression in either uterine tissue. In the endometrium, a greater mRNA transcript abundance of estrogen receptors (ESR1 and ESR2), androgen receptor (AR), prostaglandin (PG) E2 receptors (PTGER2 and PTGER4), PGF2α receptor (PTGFR), interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R), and tumor necrosis factor α receptors (TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B) was detected in gilts with natural than with PMSG/hCG-induced estrus (P<0.05). In the myometrium, the mRNA expression of AR, PTGER2, and PTGFR was lower, while PGI2 receptor (PTGIR) transcript abundance was elevated in the gilts treated with PMSG/hCG as compared with the control animals (P<0.05). In summary, a decreased luteal P4 level during the peri-implantation period in gonadotropin-stimulated pigs affects endometrial and myometrial receptor expression, with the endometrium being more sensitive to impaired P4 synthesis. Whether the observed changes alter uterine receptivity to local and systemic factors remains to be elucidated.
{"title":"Impaired luteal progesterone synthesis observed in gilts with PMSG/hCG-induced estrus affects the expression of steroid, prostaglandin, and cytokine receptors in the endometrium and myometrium during the peri-implantation period","authors":"M. Szymańska, A. Blitek","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2022-0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0076","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study aimed to examine the effect of impaired progesterone (P4) synthesis, observed in gilts with gonadotropin-induced estrus, on the uterine expression of receptors important for pregnancy establishment. Twenty prepubertal gilts received 750 IU PMSG and 500 IU hCG 72 h later, while 18 prepubertal gilts in the control group were observed daily for estrus behavior. Gilts were inseminated in their first estrus and slaughtered on days 10, 12, and 15 of pregnancy to collect endometrial and myometrial tissues for mRNA analysis using real-time PCR. As we previously described, gilts with PMSG/hCG-induced estrus showed decreased luteal P4 synthesis on days 10 and 12 of pregnancy. PMSG/hCG treatment did not affect P4 receptor mRNA expression in either uterine tissue. In the endometrium, a greater mRNA transcript abundance of estrogen receptors (ESR1 and ESR2), androgen receptor (AR), prostaglandin (PG) E2 receptors (PTGER2 and PTGER4), PGF2α receptor (PTGFR), interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R), and tumor necrosis factor α receptors (TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B) was detected in gilts with natural than with PMSG/hCG-induced estrus (P<0.05). In the myometrium, the mRNA expression of AR, PTGER2, and PTGFR was lower, while PGI2 receptor (PTGIR) transcript abundance was elevated in the gilts treated with PMSG/hCG as compared with the control animals (P<0.05). In summary, a decreased luteal P4 level during the peri-implantation period in gonadotropin-stimulated pigs affects endometrial and myometrial receptor expression, with the endometrium being more sensitive to impaired P4 synthesis. Whether the observed changes alter uterine receptivity to local and systemic factors remains to be elucidated.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"439 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48449320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Barłowska, G. Polak, I. Janczarek, T. Próchniak
Abstract The study was carried out on milk from cold-blooded Sokólski mares and warm-blooded Polish Halfbred mares. Milk samples were analysed for content of solids, protein, fat, lactose, and ash; density; energy value; percentage of α-lactalbumin (α-La), β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg), serum albumin (SA), immunoglobulin (Ig), lactoferrin (Lf) and lysozyme (Lz) in the total protein; and fatty acid profile. Milk from cold-blooded mares was found to be similar in protein and fat content to that of warm-blooded mares, but had higher content of solids, including lactose and ash. It also had significantly (P≤0.01) higher content of α-La, SA and Lz, and lower content of β-Lg, Ig and Lf in comparison to milk from warm-blooded mares. Milk from Sokólski horses had a significantly (P≤0.01) higher proportion of SFA, including C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0 (P≤0.01) and C18:0 (P≤0.05), while the milk of warm-blooded mares had a significantly (P≤0.01) higher proportion of MUFA, including C16:1n-9 and C18:n-9, and PUFA, including C18:2n-6 and C18:3n3. The share of n-6 and n-3 PUFA was significantly (P≤0.01) higher in milk from warm-blooded horses, but their ratio (n-6/n-3) was lower (more favourable) in milk from cold-blooded mares. In addition, milk from warm-blooded horses had a lower (P≤0.01) share of HSFA and a higher proportion of DFA compared to cold-blooded horses, as well as lower values for AI and TI. Despite these minor differences in comparison with warmblooded mares (Polish Halfbred), milk from cold-blooded Sokólski mares was shown to be a food product of high nutritional value, which is one argument in favour of the use of this horse breed for dairy purposes.
{"title":"Chemical composition, whey protein profile, and fatty acid profile of milk from Sokólski horses in relation to Polish Halfbred horses","authors":"J. Barłowska, G. Polak, I. Janczarek, T. Próchniak","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2022-0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0087","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study was carried out on milk from cold-blooded Sokólski mares and warm-blooded Polish Halfbred mares. Milk samples were analysed for content of solids, protein, fat, lactose, and ash; density; energy value; percentage of α-lactalbumin (α-La), β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg), serum albumin (SA), immunoglobulin (Ig), lactoferrin (Lf) and lysozyme (Lz) in the total protein; and fatty acid profile. Milk from cold-blooded mares was found to be similar in protein and fat content to that of warm-blooded mares, but had higher content of solids, including lactose and ash. It also had significantly (P≤0.01) higher content of α-La, SA and Lz, and lower content of β-Lg, Ig and Lf in comparison to milk from warm-blooded mares. Milk from Sokólski horses had a significantly (P≤0.01) higher proportion of SFA, including C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0 (P≤0.01) and C18:0 (P≤0.05), while the milk of warm-blooded mares had a significantly (P≤0.01) higher proportion of MUFA, including C16:1n-9 and C18:n-9, and PUFA, including C18:2n-6 and C18:3n3. The share of n-6 and n-3 PUFA was significantly (P≤0.01) higher in milk from warm-blooded horses, but their ratio (n-6/n-3) was lower (more favourable) in milk from cold-blooded mares. In addition, milk from warm-blooded horses had a lower (P≤0.01) share of HSFA and a higher proportion of DFA compared to cold-blooded horses, as well as lower values for AI and TI. Despite these minor differences in comparison with warmblooded mares (Polish Halfbred), milk from cold-blooded Sokólski mares was shown to be a food product of high nutritional value, which is one argument in favour of the use of this horse breed for dairy purposes.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"587 - 596"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43775016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Shoaib, S. A. Bhatti, S. Ashraf, M. A. Hamid, Najam-us-Sahar, M. M. Javed, Shafaq Amir, Noreen Aslam, A. Roobi, Hafiz Hassan Iqbal, M. A. Asif, U. Nazir, M. Saif-ur-Rehman
Abstract Commercial broilers have a short production cycle and a high requirement for energy (3000 kcal/kg in starter phase and 3200 kcal/kg in finisher phase). Therefore, the need to add energy rich lipids to their diet is inevitable. Digestibility of fat depends on its multiple properties: chain length, the composition of fatty acids, ratio of saturated/unsaturated fatty acids and free fatty acids. The high cost of vegetable oils and less availability due to their consumption in human diet are the main reasons for searching for cheaper alternative fat sources. Animal oils like poultry and fish oil are the by-product of rendering plants and after refining, they are used in poultry diets as an energy source. Due to presence of impurities and free fatty acids, the digestibility of animal fat is lower. There is a limited amount of bile acids and lipase available during early age and when birds are reared on high energy diet (finisher phase). Supplementation of emulsifier or lipase in broilers’ diet increase fat utilisation. Emulsifiers increase fat digestibility by increasing active surface area of lipid droplets. Lysolecithin and lysophospholipids are produced from hydrolyses of lecithin and phospholipids by phopholipase A2. The bile acids are mainly composed of cholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid and have strong emulsification properties. Triacylglyceryl acylase (lipase) is an enzyme involved in catalysis and the hydrolysis of lipids. It can be concluded that use of emulsifier and lipase in broiler diet improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal histology in broilers.
{"title":"Fat digestion and metabolism: effect of different fat sources and fat mobilisers in broilers’ diet on growth performance and physiological parameters – A review","authors":"Muhammad Shoaib, S. A. Bhatti, S. Ashraf, M. A. Hamid, Najam-us-Sahar, M. M. Javed, Shafaq Amir, Noreen Aslam, A. Roobi, Hafiz Hassan Iqbal, M. A. Asif, U. Nazir, M. Saif-ur-Rehman","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2022-0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0083","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Commercial broilers have a short production cycle and a high requirement for energy (3000 kcal/kg in starter phase and 3200 kcal/kg in finisher phase). Therefore, the need to add energy rich lipids to their diet is inevitable. Digestibility of fat depends on its multiple properties: chain length, the composition of fatty acids, ratio of saturated/unsaturated fatty acids and free fatty acids. The high cost of vegetable oils and less availability due to their consumption in human diet are the main reasons for searching for cheaper alternative fat sources. Animal oils like poultry and fish oil are the by-product of rendering plants and after refining, they are used in poultry diets as an energy source. Due to presence of impurities and free fatty acids, the digestibility of animal fat is lower. There is a limited amount of bile acids and lipase available during early age and when birds are reared on high energy diet (finisher phase). Supplementation of emulsifier or lipase in broilers’ diet increase fat utilisation. Emulsifiers increase fat digestibility by increasing active surface area of lipid droplets. Lysolecithin and lysophospholipids are produced from hydrolyses of lecithin and phospholipids by phopholipase A2. The bile acids are mainly composed of cholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid and have strong emulsification properties. Triacylglyceryl acylase (lipase) is an enzyme involved in catalysis and the hydrolysis of lipids. It can be concluded that use of emulsifier and lipase in broiler diet improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal histology in broilers.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"641 - 661"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41722349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
İ. Ahmed, F. Inal, R. Riaz, U. Ahsan, E. Kuter, U. Ali
Abstract Since per capita global meat utilization is predicted to increase to 40% from 2019 to 2050, global use of cultivable land in livestock, poultry, and feed production is 30%. Use of alternative protein sources as animal feed can be a solution to minimize cropland usage in conventional feed production. Commonly used protein sources in animal diets like soybean meal and fish meal are facing challenges of high demand, but the current production might not fulfill their dire need. To overcome this issue, the discovery of alternative protein sources is the need of the hour, insect meals like black soldier fly (BSF) are one of these alternative protein sources. These flies are non-infectious, bite-less, can convert the variant types of organic waste (food wastes, animal and human excreta) proficiently into rich profile biomass with reduced harmful bacteria count and do not serve as a vector in disease transmission. Based on the substrate used, the BSF larvae protein, fat and ash contents vary from 37-63%, 7-39% and 9-28% on dry matter basis, respectively. Previous studies have reported that using BSF and its byproducts as alternative protein sources in broiler diets with partial or complete replacement of conventional protein sources. In this review, a brief introduction to insect meal, BSF origin, life cycle, nutritional profile, influences on growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid profile of meat, biochemical properties of blood, gut morphology and microbiota of the caecum along with its influence on laying performance of layers has been discussed in detail. Studies have concluded the partial replacement of conventional protein sources with BSF is possible, whereas complete replacement may cause poor performance due to reduced digestibility up to 62% attributable to chitin content (9.6%). Further studies to corroborate the effect of dietary BSF on growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid profile of meat, and gut morphology and caecum microbiota are required to standardize the inclusion levels in feeds for higher performance of poultry.
{"title":"A review of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) as a potential alternative protein source in broiler diets","authors":"İ. Ahmed, F. Inal, R. Riaz, U. Ahsan, E. Kuter, U. Ali","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2022-0094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0094","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since per capita global meat utilization is predicted to increase to 40% from 2019 to 2050, global use of cultivable land in livestock, poultry, and feed production is 30%. Use of alternative protein sources as animal feed can be a solution to minimize cropland usage in conventional feed production. Commonly used protein sources in animal diets like soybean meal and fish meal are facing challenges of high demand, but the current production might not fulfill their dire need. To overcome this issue, the discovery of alternative protein sources is the need of the hour, insect meals like black soldier fly (BSF) are one of these alternative protein sources. These flies are non-infectious, bite-less, can convert the variant types of organic waste (food wastes, animal and human excreta) proficiently into rich profile biomass with reduced harmful bacteria count and do not serve as a vector in disease transmission. Based on the substrate used, the BSF larvae protein, fat and ash contents vary from 37-63%, 7-39% and 9-28% on dry matter basis, respectively. Previous studies have reported that using BSF and its byproducts as alternative protein sources in broiler diets with partial or complete replacement of conventional protein sources. In this review, a brief introduction to insect meal, BSF origin, life cycle, nutritional profile, influences on growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid profile of meat, biochemical properties of blood, gut morphology and microbiota of the caecum along with its influence on laying performance of layers has been discussed in detail. Studies have concluded the partial replacement of conventional protein sources with BSF is possible, whereas complete replacement may cause poor performance due to reduced digestibility up to 62% attributable to chitin content (9.6%). Further studies to corroborate the effect of dietary BSF on growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid profile of meat, and gut morphology and caecum microbiota are required to standardize the inclusion levels in feeds for higher performance of poultry.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42363060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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