S. Abdelnour, A. Salaka, Afnan M. Shakoori, Nida Alsaffar, A. A. Hassanin, M. Abukhalil, M. A. Abd El-Hack
Abstract Recently, genome editing tools have been extensively used in many biomedical sciences. The gene editing system is applied to modify the DNA sequences in the cellular system to comprehend their physiological response. A developing genome editing technology like clustered regularly short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is widely expended in medical sciences. CRISPR and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system is being exploited to edit any DNA mutations related to inherited ailments to investigate in animals (in vivo) and cell lines (in vitro). Remarkably, CRISPR/Cas9 could be employed to examine treatments of many human genetic diseases such as Cystic fibrosis, Tyrosinemia, Phenylketonuria, Muscular dystrophy, Parkinson’s disease, Retinoschisis, Hemophilia, β-Thalassemia and Atherosclerosis. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9 was used for disease resistance such as Tuberculosis, Johne’s diseases, chronic enteritis, and Brucellosis in animals. Finally, this review discusses existing progress in treating hereditary diseases using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and the high points accompanying obstacles.
{"title":"Applying the CRISPR/Cas9 for treating human and animal diseases: a comprehensive review","authors":"S. Abdelnour, A. Salaka, Afnan M. Shakoori, Nida Alsaffar, A. A. Hassanin, M. Abukhalil, M. A. Abd El-Hack","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recently, genome editing tools have been extensively used in many biomedical sciences. The gene editing system is applied to modify the DNA sequences in the cellular system to comprehend their physiological response. A developing genome editing technology like clustered regularly short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is widely expended in medical sciences. CRISPR and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system is being exploited to edit any DNA mutations related to inherited ailments to investigate in animals (in vivo) and cell lines (in vitro). Remarkably, CRISPR/Cas9 could be employed to examine treatments of many human genetic diseases such as Cystic fibrosis, Tyrosinemia, Phenylketonuria, Muscular dystrophy, Parkinson’s disease, Retinoschisis, Hemophilia, β-Thalassemia and Atherosclerosis. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9 was used for disease resistance such as Tuberculosis, Johne’s diseases, chronic enteritis, and Brucellosis in animals. Finally, this review discusses existing progress in treating hereditary diseases using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and the high points accompanying obstacles.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46061784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sharifinia, Z. A. Bahmanbeigloo, Mehrzad Keshavarzifard, M. Khanjani, M. Daliri, E. Koochaknejad, M. S. Jasour
Abstract Reducing the use of fishmeal (FM) in aquafeed means a significant saving in the amount of FM at the global level and reducing environmental impacts. One of the potential protein sources to replace FM in shrimp diet is the use of insects’ meal. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effects of replacing FM with mealworm (MW; Tenebrio molitor) on the growth, digestive enzymes activity and hepatopancreatic biochemical indices of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Shrimp were fed for 60 days with a control diet (T0) and 4 practical diets (T15, T30, T60 and T100) where 15, 30, 60 and 100% of the FM was substituted by MW, respectively. Results showed that there were significant differences in weight gain (WG) and hepatopancreatic index (HPI) among treatments and the lowest and highest values for were observed in T0 and T30, respectively. Our findings indicated a significant increase (P<0.05) in activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total nitric oxide (TNO) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and a meaningful decrease (P<0.05) of malondialdehyde (MDA) in hepatopancreas of L. vannamei juveniles fed diets containing MW. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the T0 did not show a significant difference (P>0.05) with other experimental treatments. Protease and lipase indicated an increasing trend with increasing the amount of MW up to 60%. The protease activity showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between the treatments containing MW and the control treatment. These findings indicated that MW could be a feasible candidate for replacing FM in diets of the Pacific white shrimp without any detrimental effects.
{"title":"The effects of replacing fishmeal by mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) on digestive enzymes activity and hepatopancreatic biochemical indices of Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"M. Sharifinia, Z. A. Bahmanbeigloo, Mehrzad Keshavarzifard, M. Khanjani, M. Daliri, E. Koochaknejad, M. S. Jasour","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2022-0098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0098","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Reducing the use of fishmeal (FM) in aquafeed means a significant saving in the amount of FM at the global level and reducing environmental impacts. One of the potential protein sources to replace FM in shrimp diet is the use of insects’ meal. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effects of replacing FM with mealworm (MW; Tenebrio molitor) on the growth, digestive enzymes activity and hepatopancreatic biochemical indices of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Shrimp were fed for 60 days with a control diet (T0) and 4 practical diets (T15, T30, T60 and T100) where 15, 30, 60 and 100% of the FM was substituted by MW, respectively. Results showed that there were significant differences in weight gain (WG) and hepatopancreatic index (HPI) among treatments and the lowest and highest values for were observed in T0 and T30, respectively. Our findings indicated a significant increase (P<0.05) in activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total nitric oxide (TNO) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and a meaningful decrease (P<0.05) of malondialdehyde (MDA) in hepatopancreas of L. vannamei juveniles fed diets containing MW. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the T0 did not show a significant difference (P>0.05) with other experimental treatments. Protease and lipase indicated an increasing trend with increasing the amount of MW up to 60%. The protease activity showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between the treatments containing MW and the control treatment. These findings indicated that MW could be a feasible candidate for replacing FM in diets of the Pacific white shrimp without any detrimental effects.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44464017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Joch, Mariana Vadroňová, M. Češpiva, P. Zabloudilová, A. Výborná, Y. Tyrolová, V. Kudrna, Denisa Tichá, V. Plachý, Z. Hroncova
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the methane-reducing potential of individual and combined treatments of low levels of nitrate (NIT) and a mixture of capric/lauric acid (CL) in dairy cows. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted. In the in vitro experiment, the anti-methanogenic effects of NIT (1.825 mmol/l) and CL (250 mg/l; capric acid, 125 mg/l + lauric acid, 125 mg/l) were evaluated in a 2 × 2 factorial design using consecutive batch incubations with rumen fluid. The NIT and CL reduced (P<0.05) methane production by 9.2% and by 21.3%, respectively. However, combining NIT with CL did not show (P>0.05) any benefit in methane reduction compared to the use of CL alone. In the in vivo experiment, eight multiparous dry Holstein cows were fed two diets in a crossover design for two 21-day periods (14 days of adaptation and 7 days of sampling). The treatments were: 1) silage-based basal diet + 100 g stearic acid per cow/d (CON) and 2) silage-based basal diet + 50 g capric acid + 50 g lauric acid per cow/d (CL). Gas emissions were measured using open-circuit respiration chambers. Methane production (g/d) was reduced (by 11.5%; P = 0.012) when the diet was supplemented with CL. However, supplementation with CL increased ruminal ammonia-N concentration (by 28.5%; P = 0.015) and gas ammonia production (g/d; by 37.2%; P = 0.005). Ruminal pH, protozoa count, and total and individual volatile fatty acid concentrations (VFA ) did not differ (P>0.05) between the treatments. Treatment did not affect the intake and apparent total tract digestibility (P>0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that low CL levels have anti-methanogenic potential. However, low levels of CL may compromise nitrogen use efficiency.
{"title":"Capric and lauric acid mixture decreased rumen methane production, while combination with nitrate had no further benefit in methane reduction","authors":"M. Joch, Mariana Vadroňová, M. Češpiva, P. Zabloudilová, A. Výborná, Y. Tyrolová, V. Kudrna, Denisa Tichá, V. Plachý, Z. Hroncova","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the methane-reducing potential of individual and combined treatments of low levels of nitrate (NIT) and a mixture of capric/lauric acid (CL) in dairy cows. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted. In the in vitro experiment, the anti-methanogenic effects of NIT (1.825 mmol/l) and CL (250 mg/l; capric acid, 125 mg/l + lauric acid, 125 mg/l) were evaluated in a 2 × 2 factorial design using consecutive batch incubations with rumen fluid. The NIT and CL reduced (P<0.05) methane production by 9.2% and by 21.3%, respectively. However, combining NIT with CL did not show (P>0.05) any benefit in methane reduction compared to the use of CL alone. In the in vivo experiment, eight multiparous dry Holstein cows were fed two diets in a crossover design for two 21-day periods (14 days of adaptation and 7 days of sampling). The treatments were: 1) silage-based basal diet + 100 g stearic acid per cow/d (CON) and 2) silage-based basal diet + 50 g capric acid + 50 g lauric acid per cow/d (CL). Gas emissions were measured using open-circuit respiration chambers. Methane production (g/d) was reduced (by 11.5%; P = 0.012) when the diet was supplemented with CL. However, supplementation with CL increased ruminal ammonia-N concentration (by 28.5%; P = 0.015) and gas ammonia production (g/d; by 37.2%; P = 0.005). Ruminal pH, protozoa count, and total and individual volatile fatty acid concentrations (VFA ) did not differ (P>0.05) between the treatments. Treatment did not affect the intake and apparent total tract digestibility (P>0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that low CL levels have anti-methanogenic potential. However, low levels of CL may compromise nitrogen use efficiency.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"799 - 808"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49052282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed H. Bakr, Moemen G. Abd Elazeim, A. E. R. M. Abd El Gawad, O. Olafadehan, A. E. Kholif
Abstract The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of corn with chocolate byproducts, protected fats, or their mixture supplemented with zinc in the diet of lactating cows on feed utilization and lactation performance for 90 days. Fifty multiparous Holstein cows (565±25 kg BW, 3±1 parity, 7±1 days in milk, and a previous milk production of 35±2.9 kg/d), were randomly assigned to 5 treatments in a completely randomized design. The control diet contained (per kg DM): 412 g concentrate feed mixture, 412 g corn silage, and 176 g berseem hay. The control diet was supplemented with 1 g of zinc daily (Zinc diet). In the other diets, each kg of crushed corn grain was replaced with (DM basis) 600 g chocolate byproducts (CH diet), 400 g protected fats (PF diet), or 500 g of chocolate byproducts and protected fats mixture (1:1 DM basis) (CHPF diet). Both amounts of protected fats and chocolate byproducts had the same energy concentration as 1 kg of corn. The total mixed ration was prepared and distributed using a horizontal mixer system after mixing for 20 min. Chemical analysis showed that the replacement minimally affected the composition of the total mixed rations. Additionally, treatments did not affect feed intake. Compared to the control treatment, the zinc treatment did not affect milk production, milk composition, or feed efficiency. Increased (P<0.05) daily production of milk and component yields, and feed efficiency as well as fat concentration were observed by the CH, PF and CHPF treatments. Without affecting other measured blood parameters or hematocrit, treatments increased (P<0.05) the concentrations of total proteins, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and zinc in the blood of cows. Additionally, the CH, PF, and CHPF treatments increased (P<0.01) the digestibility of nutrients compared to the control treatment. It is concluded that the addition of zinc to the control did not affect cow performance; however, its addition to chocolate byproducts, protected fats, or their mixture to partially replace corn improved the performance of cows.
{"title":"Enrichment of chocolate byproducts and protected fats with zinc to partially replace corn in diets of early lactation Holstein cows","authors":"Mohammed H. Bakr, Moemen G. Abd Elazeim, A. E. R. M. Abd El Gawad, O. Olafadehan, A. E. Kholif","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of corn with chocolate byproducts, protected fats, or their mixture supplemented with zinc in the diet of lactating cows on feed utilization and lactation performance for 90 days. Fifty multiparous Holstein cows (565±25 kg BW, 3±1 parity, 7±1 days in milk, and a previous milk production of 35±2.9 kg/d), were randomly assigned to 5 treatments in a completely randomized design. The control diet contained (per kg DM): 412 g concentrate feed mixture, 412 g corn silage, and 176 g berseem hay. The control diet was supplemented with 1 g of zinc daily (Zinc diet). In the other diets, each kg of crushed corn grain was replaced with (DM basis) 600 g chocolate byproducts (CH diet), 400 g protected fats (PF diet), or 500 g of chocolate byproducts and protected fats mixture (1:1 DM basis) (CHPF diet). Both amounts of protected fats and chocolate byproducts had the same energy concentration as 1 kg of corn. The total mixed ration was prepared and distributed using a horizontal mixer system after mixing for 20 min. Chemical analysis showed that the replacement minimally affected the composition of the total mixed rations. Additionally, treatments did not affect feed intake. Compared to the control treatment, the zinc treatment did not affect milk production, milk composition, or feed efficiency. Increased (P<0.05) daily production of milk and component yields, and feed efficiency as well as fat concentration were observed by the CH, PF and CHPF treatments. Without affecting other measured blood parameters or hematocrit, treatments increased (P<0.05) the concentrations of total proteins, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and zinc in the blood of cows. Additionally, the CH, PF, and CHPF treatments increased (P<0.01) the digestibility of nutrients compared to the control treatment. It is concluded that the addition of zinc to the control did not affect cow performance; however, its addition to chocolate byproducts, protected fats, or their mixture to partially replace corn improved the performance of cows.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"789 - 798"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42666402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Alagawany, Samar S Bassiony, M. El-Kholy, Karima El-Naggar, Abeer E. El-Metwally, A. Al‐Sagheer
Abstract The present study aimed to assess the effects of three probiotic-supplemented diets on growth, cecal fermentation, blood biochemical, and intestinal morphological features in growing rabbits reared under summer conditions. Rabbits were allotted into four groups: G1 rabbits were fed the basal diet (control), G2 rabbits received Enterococcus faecium (EF) and Clostridium butyricum (CB) complexes (1 × 108 and 2.5 × 106 cfu/kg diet, respectively), G3 rabbits were given CB (2.5 × 106 cfu/kg diet) and yeast complexes (1 g/kg diet), and G4 rabbits received EF (2 × 108 cfu/kg diet) and yeast (1 g/kg diet). G2 rabbits exhibited the highest performances in terms of enhanced body weight and weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Serum total protein, globulin, immunoglobulin M, and highdensity lipoprotein concentrations were higher in probiotic-fed rabbits than those in controls. Additionally, lipid profile parameters were significantly reduced in the probiotic-fed rabbits, with the lowest concentrations measured in G4 rabbits (P<0.05). Rabbits given EF and CB had the highest total volatile fatty acid (VFA ) and propionic acid levels and the lowest ammonia concentrations. Increased villi length and muscular layer thickness and reduced crypt depth were observed in rabbits receiving EF and CB compared with the values obtained in controls (P<0.05). In summary, supplementing fattening rabbit diets with EF and CB, as a novel formulation, might be a promising and easy method to enhance growth performance under hot climate conditions by improving the feed utilization, immune response, serum lipid profile, cecal VFA production, and duodenal morphology.
{"title":"Comparison of the effects of probiotic-based formulations on growth, feed utilization, blood constituents, cecal fermentation, and duodenal morphology of rabbits reared under hot environmental conditions","authors":"M. Alagawany, Samar S Bassiony, M. El-Kholy, Karima El-Naggar, Abeer E. El-Metwally, A. Al‐Sagheer","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study aimed to assess the effects of three probiotic-supplemented diets on growth, cecal fermentation, blood biochemical, and intestinal morphological features in growing rabbits reared under summer conditions. Rabbits were allotted into four groups: G1 rabbits were fed the basal diet (control), G2 rabbits received Enterococcus faecium (EF) and Clostridium butyricum (CB) complexes (1 × 108 and 2.5 × 106 cfu/kg diet, respectively), G3 rabbits were given CB (2.5 × 106 cfu/kg diet) and yeast complexes (1 g/kg diet), and G4 rabbits received EF (2 × 108 cfu/kg diet) and yeast (1 g/kg diet). G2 rabbits exhibited the highest performances in terms of enhanced body weight and weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Serum total protein, globulin, immunoglobulin M, and highdensity lipoprotein concentrations were higher in probiotic-fed rabbits than those in controls. Additionally, lipid profile parameters were significantly reduced in the probiotic-fed rabbits, with the lowest concentrations measured in G4 rabbits (P<0.05). Rabbits given EF and CB had the highest total volatile fatty acid (VFA ) and propionic acid levels and the lowest ammonia concentrations. Increased villi length and muscular layer thickness and reduced crypt depth were observed in rabbits receiving EF and CB compared with the values obtained in controls (P<0.05). In summary, supplementing fattening rabbit diets with EF and CB, as a novel formulation, might be a promising and easy method to enhance growth performance under hot climate conditions by improving the feed utilization, immune response, serum lipid profile, cecal VFA production, and duodenal morphology.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"777 - 787"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44815711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Zakęś, Maciej Rożyński, P. Gomułka, Rafał Różyński, R. Pietrzak-Fiećko, K. Demska-Zakęś
Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the influence of diets (factor D) and the time period (factor T) during which they were applied on the growth performance and physiological condition (blood plasma hematological and biochemical indicators of stress and immunity) in juvenile sea trout (Salmo trutta; initial body weight approximately 73 g). The diet of the fish that was used prior to the experiment (formulated feed; initial fish sample) was modified as follows: a different formulated feed (group B), mixed feed (feed B + prey fish; group B/N), prey fish exclusively (group N). The fish from group A were given the feed that was used prior to the beginning of the experiment. During the 28-day trial neither factors D nor T influenced absolute or relative fish growth rates. Factor D significantly influenced hematological indicators and leukograms, while the phagocytic index and cidal ability were determined by the time test (factor T). Myeloperoxidase (AMPO) was related significantly with the influence of factors D and T and also with the interaction of D×T. A significant decrease in AMPO was noted after two weeks of the test in groups B, N, and B/N, but after four weeks this indicator did not differ from that confirmed in the initial fish sample. The factors tested influenced stress indicators, i.e., cortisol (D and T) and glucose (D). Significant increases in cortisol (group B) and glucose (groups A, B, and B/N) concentrations were noted after two weeks of the test. After the subsequent two weeks (four weeks of the test) these indicators also stabilized. Sea trout from aquaculture readily accept prey fish; however, changes in diet cause stress reactions such as temporarily reduced immunity. Thus, the procedure for preparing sea trout stocking material for release, which is to change the feed from formulated to natural (live fish), should last approximately four weeks.
{"title":"Influence of diet changes on the condition and physiological state of juvenile sea trout (Salmo trutta)","authors":"Z. Zakęś, Maciej Rożyński, P. Gomułka, Rafał Różyński, R. Pietrzak-Fiećko, K. Demska-Zakęś","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the influence of diets (factor D) and the time period (factor T) during which they were applied on the growth performance and physiological condition (blood plasma hematological and biochemical indicators of stress and immunity) in juvenile sea trout (Salmo trutta; initial body weight approximately 73 g). The diet of the fish that was used prior to the experiment (formulated feed; initial fish sample) was modified as follows: a different formulated feed (group B), mixed feed (feed B + prey fish; group B/N), prey fish exclusively (group N). The fish from group A were given the feed that was used prior to the beginning of the experiment. During the 28-day trial neither factors D nor T influenced absolute or relative fish growth rates. Factor D significantly influenced hematological indicators and leukograms, while the phagocytic index and cidal ability were determined by the time test (factor T). Myeloperoxidase (AMPO) was related significantly with the influence of factors D and T and also with the interaction of D×T. A significant decrease in AMPO was noted after two weeks of the test in groups B, N, and B/N, but after four weeks this indicator did not differ from that confirmed in the initial fish sample. The factors tested influenced stress indicators, i.e., cortisol (D and T) and glucose (D). Significant increases in cortisol (group B) and glucose (groups A, B, and B/N) concentrations were noted after two weeks of the test. After the subsequent two weeks (four weeks of the test) these indicators also stabilized. Sea trout from aquaculture readily accept prey fish; however, changes in diet cause stress reactions such as temporarily reduced immunity. Thus, the procedure for preparing sea trout stocking material for release, which is to change the feed from formulated to natural (live fish), should last approximately four weeks.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47547808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aljohara M. Al-Otaibi, M. A. Abd El-Hack, Saif M. Dmour, Noorah Alsowayeh, A. Khafaga, E. Ashour, Mohamed A. Nour-Eldeen, S. Świątkiewicz
Abstract Probiotics are live microorganisms that can improve the host’s health when given in sufficient doses. Due to growing consumer demand for poultry raised without antibiotics supplementation, the usage of probiotics has been rising gradually over time in poultry. This review aimed to summarize the impacts of probiotics on poultry’s nutrient utilization, growth and carcass parameters, gut morphology, laying performance, biochemical parameters, immunity, and gut microbiota. The results revealed that probiotics enhanced the growth performance via improving digestion of protein, lipids, and carbohydrates, improving feed conversion ratio (FCR), increasing carcass and organs weights, improved liver and kidney function parameters, antioxidant effects, decreased serum lipids and cholesterol, improved poultry immunity via improving gut health and synthesis of antimicrobial peptides and prevention of microbial colonization, improved laying performance, fertility, hatchability and eggshell thickness. Therefore, probiotics have various benefits in poultry production compared to banned antibiotics. However, they are not always guaranteed to be growth promoters due to poorly understood modes of action, including their interaction with the host. So, further studies concerning their impacts on meat quality and histopathological changes are still required.
{"title":"A narrative review on the beneficial impacts of probiotics on poultry: an updated knowledge","authors":"Aljohara M. Al-Otaibi, M. A. Abd El-Hack, Saif M. Dmour, Noorah Alsowayeh, A. Khafaga, E. Ashour, Mohamed A. Nour-Eldeen, S. Świątkiewicz","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Probiotics are live microorganisms that can improve the host’s health when given in sufficient doses. Due to growing consumer demand for poultry raised without antibiotics supplementation, the usage of probiotics has been rising gradually over time in poultry. This review aimed to summarize the impacts of probiotics on poultry’s nutrient utilization, growth and carcass parameters, gut morphology, laying performance, biochemical parameters, immunity, and gut microbiota. The results revealed that probiotics enhanced the growth performance via improving digestion of protein, lipids, and carbohydrates, improving feed conversion ratio (FCR), increasing carcass and organs weights, improved liver and kidney function parameters, antioxidant effects, decreased serum lipids and cholesterol, improved poultry immunity via improving gut health and synthesis of antimicrobial peptides and prevention of microbial colonization, improved laying performance, fertility, hatchability and eggshell thickness. Therefore, probiotics have various benefits in poultry production compared to banned antibiotics. However, they are not always guaranteed to be growth promoters due to poorly understood modes of action, including their interaction with the host. So, further studies concerning their impacts on meat quality and histopathological changes are still required.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"405 - 418"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41659370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara A.I. El-Mokhlesany, M. Ibrahim, A. Amer, Mahmoud S. Gewaily, Amr I. Zaineldin, A. Soliman, Mohamed Z. Baromh, Ali H. Gouda, M. Dawood
Abstract Plant protein ingredients are increasingly included in mullet feeds and are expected to be contaminated with mycotoxins (AFB1). Thus, this study investigated the protective role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae against oxidative stress and hepato-renal malfunction induced by AFB1 contamination in mullets. Four diets were formulated, where the first was kept as the control diet, and the second was supplemented with S. cerevisiae at 5 × 106 cells/g. The third diet was supplied with AFB1 at 1 mg/kg, and the fourth was supplemented with S. cerevisiae and AFB1. Mullet fed the control or both AFB1 and S. cerevisiae (yeast/ AFB1) had similar FBW, WG, SGR, and FCR (P˃0.05). Mullet treated with S. cerevisiae without AFB1 contamination showed the highest FBW, WG, and SGR (P<0.05), while fish in the AFB1 group had lower FBW, WG, and SGR and higher FCR than fish in the control and yeast/ AFB1 groups (P<0.05). Using yeast with AFB1 prevented pathological hazards and improved intestinal structure. Further, yeast combined with AFB1 reduced the degenerative changes and enhanced the histological structure except for a mild inflammatory reaction around the bile duct. Fish in the control or yeast/ AFB1 group had higher HB, PCV, RBCs, and WBCs than fish in the AFB1 group (P<0.05). Fish fed the control, or the yeast/ AFB1 diets had similar total protein and albumin levels with higher values than fish contaminated with AFB1 (P<0.05). Fish fed the control and yeast/ AFB1 diets had similar ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine levels (P˃0.05) and were lower than fish contaminated with AFB1. Additionally, fish fed the control and yeast/ AFB1 diets had similar CAT, GPx, SOD, and MDA (P˃0.05) and were lower than fish contaminated with AFB1 (P<0.05). In conclusion, incorporating S. cerevisiae ameliorated the negative impacts of AFB1 toxicity on mullets’ growth, hepato-renal function, and antioxidative capacity.
{"title":"The protective effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the growth performance, intestinal health, and antioxidative capacity of mullet (Liza ramada) fed diets contaminated with aflatoxin B1","authors":"Sara A.I. El-Mokhlesany, M. Ibrahim, A. Amer, Mahmoud S. Gewaily, Amr I. Zaineldin, A. Soliman, Mohamed Z. Baromh, Ali H. Gouda, M. Dawood","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Plant protein ingredients are increasingly included in mullet feeds and are expected to be contaminated with mycotoxins (AFB1). Thus, this study investigated the protective role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae against oxidative stress and hepato-renal malfunction induced by AFB1 contamination in mullets. Four diets were formulated, where the first was kept as the control diet, and the second was supplemented with S. cerevisiae at 5 × 106 cells/g. The third diet was supplied with AFB1 at 1 mg/kg, and the fourth was supplemented with S. cerevisiae and AFB1. Mullet fed the control or both AFB1 and S. cerevisiae (yeast/ AFB1) had similar FBW, WG, SGR, and FCR (P˃0.05). Mullet treated with S. cerevisiae without AFB1 contamination showed the highest FBW, WG, and SGR (P<0.05), while fish in the AFB1 group had lower FBW, WG, and SGR and higher FCR than fish in the control and yeast/ AFB1 groups (P<0.05). Using yeast with AFB1 prevented pathological hazards and improved intestinal structure. Further, yeast combined with AFB1 reduced the degenerative changes and enhanced the histological structure except for a mild inflammatory reaction around the bile duct. Fish in the control or yeast/ AFB1 group had higher HB, PCV, RBCs, and WBCs than fish in the AFB1 group (P<0.05). Fish fed the control, or the yeast/ AFB1 diets had similar total protein and albumin levels with higher values than fish contaminated with AFB1 (P<0.05). Fish fed the control and yeast/ AFB1 diets had similar ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine levels (P˃0.05) and were lower than fish contaminated with AFB1. Additionally, fish fed the control and yeast/ AFB1 diets had similar CAT, GPx, SOD, and MDA (P˃0.05) and were lower than fish contaminated with AFB1 (P<0.05). In conclusion, incorporating S. cerevisiae ameliorated the negative impacts of AFB1 toxicity on mullets’ growth, hepato-renal function, and antioxidative capacity.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"859 - 868"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43714951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Antunović, Ž. K. Šalavardić, Z. Steiner, M. Đidara, M. Drenjančević, M. Ronta, V. Pavić, Lidija Jakobek Barron, J. Novoselec
Abstract This study aimed to research the effect of the seedless grape pomace (GP) added to feed mixture on meat quality, metabolic profile, and antioxidant status of Merinolandschaf lambs. The 90-day-old lambs in the control group (C, n=10) were fed feed mixture without GP while in experimental groups they were fed with 10% (GP10, n=10) or 20% (GP20, n=10) of GP in feed mixture for 30 days. There was a significant increase in L*, a* values and hue angle as well as a decrease in b* values of lamb carcasses in GP10 and GP20 compared to C group. When lambs were fed GP glucose concentrations decreased, while non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) increased on the 30th day in GP10 and GP20 compared with C group. A significant increase in SOD activity on day 30 and GPx activity on day 15 in lambs’ blood of GP10 and GP20 compared with C group was determined. Also, an increase in DPPH in lamb GP10 and GP20 compared with C was determined. The obtained results of the meat quality, metabolic profile and antioxidant status parameters of lamb meat showed that the use of 10% GP in the diet is justified, while 20% of GP was questionable.
{"title":"Meat quality, metabolic profile and antioxidant status of lambs fed on seedless grape pomace (Vitis vinifera L.)","authors":"Z. Antunović, Ž. K. Šalavardić, Z. Steiner, M. Đidara, M. Drenjančević, M. Ronta, V. Pavić, Lidija Jakobek Barron, J. Novoselec","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to research the effect of the seedless grape pomace (GP) added to feed mixture on meat quality, metabolic profile, and antioxidant status of Merinolandschaf lambs. The 90-day-old lambs in the control group (C, n=10) were fed feed mixture without GP while in experimental groups they were fed with 10% (GP10, n=10) or 20% (GP20, n=10) of GP in feed mixture for 30 days. There was a significant increase in L*, a* values and hue angle as well as a decrease in b* values of lamb carcasses in GP10 and GP20 compared to C group. When lambs were fed GP glucose concentrations decreased, while non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) increased on the 30th day in GP10 and GP20 compared with C group. A significant increase in SOD activity on day 30 and GPx activity on day 15 in lambs’ blood of GP10 and GP20 compared with C group was determined. Also, an increase in DPPH in lamb GP10 and GP20 compared with C was determined. The obtained results of the meat quality, metabolic profile and antioxidant status parameters of lamb meat showed that the use of 10% GP in the diet is justified, while 20% of GP was questionable.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"809 - 818"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49408026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Coccidiosis is acclaimed as the most prevalent enteric parasitic ailment of poultry. It is caused by an apicomplexan protozoon of the genus Eimeria, which resides in chicken intestinal epithelium leading to intestinal damage. As a result, bloody droppings are there, feed efficiency is reduced, the growth rate is impaired, and egg production is temporarily decreased. Treatment and prevention of coccidiosis are primarily accomplished by inoculating live vaccines and administering anticoccidial drugs. Due to anticoccidials’ continuous and excessive use, the mounting issue is drug resistant Eimeria strains. The poultry industry has managed resistance-related issues by suggesting shuttle and rotation schemes. Furthermore, new drugs have also been developed and introduced, but it takes a long time and causes cost inflation in the poultry industry. Moreover, government disallows growth promoters and drugs at sub-therapeutic doses in poultry due to increased concerns about the drug residues in poultry products. These constraints have motivated scientists to work on alternative ways to control coccidiosis effectively, safely, and sustainably. Using nutritional supplements is a novel way to solve the constraints mentioned above. The intriguing aspects of using dietary supplements against coccidiosis are that they reduce the risk of drug-resistant pathogen strains, ensure healthy, nutritious poultry products, have less reliance on synthetic drugs, and are typically considered environmentally safe. Furthermore, they improve productivity, enhance nonspecific immunity, preventing oxidation of fats (acting as antioxidants) and inflammation (acting as an anti-inflammatory). The present manuscript focuses on the efficacy, possible mechanism of action, applications, and different facets of nutrition supplements (such as organic acids, minerals, vitamins, probiotics, essential oils, amino acids, dietary nucleotides, feed enzymes, and yeast derivatives) as feed additive for treating poultry coccidiosis.
{"title":"Nutritional supplements for the control of avian coccidiosis","authors":"A. Alsayeqh, R. Z. Abbas","doi":"10.2478/aoas-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Coccidiosis is acclaimed as the most prevalent enteric parasitic ailment of poultry. It is caused by an apicomplexan protozoon of the genus Eimeria, which resides in chicken intestinal epithelium leading to intestinal damage. As a result, bloody droppings are there, feed efficiency is reduced, the growth rate is impaired, and egg production is temporarily decreased. Treatment and prevention of coccidiosis are primarily accomplished by inoculating live vaccines and administering anticoccidial drugs. Due to anticoccidials’ continuous and excessive use, the mounting issue is drug resistant Eimeria strains. The poultry industry has managed resistance-related issues by suggesting shuttle and rotation schemes. Furthermore, new drugs have also been developed and introduced, but it takes a long time and causes cost inflation in the poultry industry. Moreover, government disallows growth promoters and drugs at sub-therapeutic doses in poultry due to increased concerns about the drug residues in poultry products. These constraints have motivated scientists to work on alternative ways to control coccidiosis effectively, safely, and sustainably. Using nutritional supplements is a novel way to solve the constraints mentioned above. The intriguing aspects of using dietary supplements against coccidiosis are that they reduce the risk of drug-resistant pathogen strains, ensure healthy, nutritious poultry products, have less reliance on synthetic drugs, and are typically considered environmentally safe. Furthermore, they improve productivity, enhance nonspecific immunity, preventing oxidation of fats (acting as antioxidants) and inflammation (acting as an anti-inflammatory). The present manuscript focuses on the efficacy, possible mechanism of action, applications, and different facets of nutrition supplements (such as organic acids, minerals, vitamins, probiotics, essential oils, amino acids, dietary nucleotides, feed enzymes, and yeast derivatives) as feed additive for treating poultry coccidiosis.","PeriodicalId":8235,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46468579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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