Pub Date : 1961-10-01DOI: 10.1109/CEI.1961.7473189
B. Eiseman
During an extended study of the dielectric strength of gases, some unexpected peculiarities and regularities have been observed. They were of the nature of difficulties or complications encountered in accomplishing the primary objective of measuring dielectric strengths, and have not been investigated completely. It is hoped, in presenting the information, that others may be able to supplement the data and tentative explanations given below.
{"title":"Peculiarities observed in series of breakdowns in gases","authors":"B. Eiseman","doi":"10.1109/CEI.1961.7473189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEI.1961.7473189","url":null,"abstract":"During an extended study of the dielectric strength of gases, some unexpected peculiarities and regularities have been observed. They were of the nature of difficulties or complications encountered in accomplishing the primary objective of measuring dielectric strengths, and have not been investigated completely. It is hoped, in presenting the information, that others may be able to supplement the data and tentative explanations given below.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"68 1","pages":"113-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87002852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-10-01DOI: 10.1109/CEI.1961.7473191
P. Tierney, C. H. Vondracek
Space vehicles of tomorrow must depend on electrical insulation which can function at temperatures up to 500°C. Weight limitations will prevent cooling systems for the electrical equipment. Such a radically new insulation system has already been explored and is briefly described below: The requirements of an insulation system for electrical equipment subjected to 500°C are not only for individual forms of electrical insulation which can be processed but also for a completely compatible system of both insulation and electrical and mechanical components. The individual requirements of the insulation are also outlined.
{"title":"Insulation for 500°C motors and generators","authors":"P. Tierney, C. H. Vondracek","doi":"10.1109/CEI.1961.7473191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEI.1961.7473191","url":null,"abstract":"Space vehicles of tomorrow must depend on electrical insulation which can function at temperatures up to 500°C. Weight limitations will prevent cooling systems for the electrical equipment. Such a radically new insulation system has already been explored and is briefly described below: The requirements of an insulation system for electrical equipment subjected to 500°C are not only for individual forms of electrical insulation which can be processed but also for a completely compatible system of both insulation and electrical and mechanical components. The individual requirements of the insulation are also outlined.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"101 1","pages":"125-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79996736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-10-01DOI: 10.1109/CEI.1961.7473187
J. Devins
Usually investigations of the nature of electrical discharges in gas voids in solid dielectrics are made using ac voltages or at least voltages changing continuously with time. Owing to statistical time lags this implies that each discharge will occur at a slightly different applied voltage always somewhat larger than the minimum Townsend threshold value. We have recently obtained evidence suggesting that the over-voltage is of considerable significance in determining the nature and magnitude of the discharges.
{"title":"The mechanism of the formation of discharges limited by series dielectrics","authors":"J. Devins","doi":"10.1109/CEI.1961.7473187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEI.1961.7473187","url":null,"abstract":"Usually investigations of the nature of electrical discharges in gas voids in solid dielectrics are made using ac voltages or at least voltages changing continuously with time. Owing to statistical time lags this implies that each discharge will occur at a slightly different applied voltage always somewhat larger than the minimum Townsend threshold value. We have recently obtained evidence suggesting that the over-voltage is of considerable significance in determining the nature and magnitude of the discharges.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"20 1","pages":"97-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74727361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-10-01DOI: 10.1109/CEI.1961.7473182
W. Vaughan, W. S. Lovell, C. P. Smyth
Paralleling the increasing availability of oscillators, harmonic generators, detectors, and other microwave components that operate at wavelengths extending into the millimeter range, there has been a gradual evolution of techniques for the determination of the dielectric properties of liquids at these frequencies. The present paper aims to provide a general description of the interferometric method that has been developed in this laboratory1–5. Additional details may be found by consulting the original papers.
{"title":"Measurements of dielectric constant and loss at 2.2 and 4.3 millimeters wavelength","authors":"W. Vaughan, W. S. Lovell, C. P. Smyth","doi":"10.1109/CEI.1961.7473182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEI.1961.7473182","url":null,"abstract":"Paralleling the increasing availability of oscillators, harmonic generators, detectors, and other microwave components that operate at wavelengths extending into the millimeter range, there has been a gradual evolution of techniques for the determination of the dielectric properties of liquids at these frequencies. The present paper aims to provide a general description of the interferometric method that has been developed in this laboratory1–5. Additional details may be found by consulting the original papers.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"24 1","pages":"75-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82255377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-10-01DOI: 10.1109/AIEEPAS.1962.4501280
D. W. Kitchin, O. S. Pratt
Cable dielectric failures often start as "trees" originating at various kinds of defects in the insulation. A representative reproducible "standard defect" like a needle point offers a rapid method of rating polyethylene compounds for relative inherent dielectric strength.
{"title":"An accelerated screening test for polyethylene high-voltage insulation","authors":"D. W. Kitchin, O. S. Pratt","doi":"10.1109/AIEEPAS.1962.4501280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AIEEPAS.1962.4501280","url":null,"abstract":"Cable dielectric failures often start as \"trees\" originating at various kinds of defects in the insulation. A representative reproducible \"standard defect\" like a needle point offers a rapid method of rating polyethylene compounds for relative inherent dielectric strength.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"14 1","pages":"87-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75161888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-10-01DOI: 10.1109/CEI.1961.7473166
W. Spear
Considerable advances in the understanding of transport phenomena in solids have been made in recent years by the extensive study of semiconducting materials such as Ge and Si. Compared with this development, the large range of more highly insulating solids has received far less attention. At present, little detailed information is available on the mechanism of charge transport, which in some cases appears to be fundamentally different from that normally found in semiconductors.
{"title":"Investigation of the charge transport in insulating solids","authors":"W. Spear","doi":"10.1109/CEI.1961.7473166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEI.1961.7473166","url":null,"abstract":"Considerable advances in the understanding of transport phenomena in solids have been made in recent years by the extensive study of semiconducting materials such as Ge and Si. Compared with this development, the large range of more highly insulating solids has received far less attention. At present, little detailed information is available on the mechanism of charge transport, which in some cases appears to be fundamentally different from that normally found in semiconductors.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"4 4","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91448201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-10-01DOI: 10.1109/CEI.1961.7473169
Z. Croitoru, M. Colombeau, R. Coelho
The field distribution in "technical" chlorobenzene between parallel electrodes, and its dynamics after application of the voltage have been studied by means of the electrooptic Kerr effect. Figure 1 represents the optical set up, composed of a light source 1 (mercury lamp or sliding spark), a vertical slit 2, in the focal plane of a collimator 3, an interference filter 4 followed by a polarizer 5 oriented at 45°, the Kerr cell 6, a quarter-wave plate a rotary power compensator 8, an analyzer 9 and finally a photosensitive surface 10.
{"title":"Space charges in liquid dielectrics","authors":"Z. Croitoru, M. Colombeau, R. Coelho","doi":"10.1109/CEI.1961.7473169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEI.1961.7473169","url":null,"abstract":"The field distribution in \"technical\" chlorobenzene between parallel electrodes, and its dynamics after application of the voltage have been studied by means of the electrooptic Kerr effect. Figure 1 represents the optical set up, composed of a light source 1 (mercury lamp or sliding spark), a vertical slit 2, in the focal plane of a collimator 3, an interference filter 4 followed by a polarizer 5 oriented at 45°, the Kerr cell 6, a quarter-wave plate a rotary power compensator 8, an analyzer 9 and finally a photosensitive surface 10.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"3 1","pages":"21-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78906783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-10-01DOI: 10.1109/CEI.1961.7473194
F. Doble
A paper by the author, presented at the 1959 Annual Meeting of the Conference on Electrical Insulation, described physical and electrical tests developed in the Doble Engineering Company laboratory as accelerated means for evaluating the life service of electrical insulating oils. The physical test uses the Doble oxidizer (ASTM D1904-61T), which has as its end point the first visual appearance of sludge. The electrical test (PFVO) continuously measures and records power factor values throughout the oxidation cycle, which permits a graphic presentation of the characteristics of the oil sample.
{"title":"Analysis of complex hydrocarbons by simple tests","authors":"F. Doble","doi":"10.1109/CEI.1961.7473194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEI.1961.7473194","url":null,"abstract":"A paper by the author, presented at the 1959 Annual Meeting of the Conference on Electrical Insulation, described physical and electrical tests developed in the Doble Engineering Company laboratory as accelerated means for evaluating the life service of electrical insulating oils. The physical test uses the Doble oxidizer (ASTM D1904-61T), which has as its end point the first visual appearance of sludge. The electrical test (PFVO) continuously measures and records power factor values throughout the oxidation cycle, which permits a graphic presentation of the characteristics of the oil sample.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"41 1","pages":"135-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74056581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-10-01DOI: 10.1109/CEI.1961.7473172
R. Coelhao
The current-voltage d.c, characteristics of several saturated acyclic hydrocarbons (n-C5H12, n-C6H14 and n-C6H16) have been studied in a coaxial electrode arrangement previously described and providing a high field-gradient between the inner (thin wire) and the outer electrode. The liquids were tested after various stages of purification, and under both polarities of the cell. Before any measurement was taken, the cell was carefully conditioned under a high voltage which was increased gradually. After a one-week conditioning, stable, reproducible currents were usually observed.
{"title":"On the electrical conduction in liquid dielectrics","authors":"R. Coelhao","doi":"10.1109/CEI.1961.7473172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEI.1961.7473172","url":null,"abstract":"The current-voltage d.c, characteristics of several saturated acyclic hydrocarbons (n-C<inf>5</inf>H<inf>12</inf>, n-C<inf>6</inf>H<inf>14</inf> and n-C<inf>6</inf>H<inf>16</inf>) have been studied in a coaxial electrode arrangement previously described and providing a high field-gradient between the inner (thin wire) and the outer electrode. The liquids were tested after various stages of purification, and under both polarities of the cell. Before any measurement was taken, the cell was carefully conditioned under a high voltage which was increased gradually. After a one-week conditioning, stable, reproducible currents were usually observed.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 1","pages":"31-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76651405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The photoconductivity properties of polyethylene, polystyrene, and an epoxy formulation have been measured at gamma-ray intensities in the range 1.0 rad (H2O)/min to 3.0 × 105 rads (H2O)/min. The source of gamma radiation has been the fission product inventory of reactor fuel elements. Measurements of the photoconductivities have been made at controlled temperatures.
在伽马射线强度范围为1.0 rad (H2O)/min至3.0 × 105 rad (H2O)/min时，测量了聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯和环氧树脂配方的光导性能。伽马辐射的来源一直是反应堆燃料元件的裂变产物库存。在控制温度下测量了光导率。
{"title":"Gamma-ray photoconductivity in polyethylene, polystyrene, amd an epoxy formulation","authors":"S. E. Harrison, A. W. Snyder","doi":"10.2172/4813835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/4813835","url":null,"abstract":"The photoconductivity properties of polyethylene, polystyrene, and an epoxy formulation have been measured at gamma-ray intensities in the range 1.0 rad (H2O)/min to 3.0 × 105 rads (H2O)/min. The source of gamma radiation has been the fission product inventory of reactor fuel elements. Measurements of the photoconductivities have been made at controlled temperatures.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"7 1","pages":"25-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89822316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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